CHARACTERISTICS OF 2017 HOJEDK EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE IN KERMAN PROVINCE, SOUTHEAST IRAN

Kerman province in southeast Iran, has experienced historical and instrumentally recorded earthquakes. In December 2017, three destructive earthquakes have occurred around Hojedk, in Kerman within 11 days. In this study, first the regional seismotectonics and seismicity is presented. Then, the source mechanisms of main shocks are modeled and the results are compared with the active faults and seismicity pattern is discussed. Moment tensor inversion in time domain is used to obtain the source mechanism of earthquakes. The results indicate that the mechanisms of main shocks and aftershocks are mainly reverse and are in agreement with the trend of tectonic forces as well as the mechanisms of other earthquakes. The epicentral distribution of aftershocks indicates two clusters. The spatial distributions of clusters are in agreement with the epicentral distribution of main shocks. The cluster around the first earthquake in EW cross section has a length 15-20 Km, while the cluster around the second and third has a length about 20-25 Km. The Hojedk earthquakes occurred along the northern extension of previous earthquakes where a kind of seismic gap could be observed and still exists. In 1972, within five days four earthquakes with magnitudes 5.5 to 6.2 occurred in Sefidabeh region in eastern edge of Lut block. In both regions earthquakes have reverse mechanisms and associated with surface ruptures. Thus, it could be concluded that the energy was mainly released with several moderate earthquakes in adjacent faults. In northern extensions of both regions, seismic gaps still could be observed and major earthquakes might occur in future.A província de Kerman, no sudeste do Irã, é uma região que apresenta terremotos históricos registrados. Em dezembro de 2017, três terremotos destrutivos ocorreram em torno de Hojedk, em Kerman, durante o período de 11 dias. Neste estudo, em um primeiro momento é apresentada a sismotectônica regional e a sismicidade dessa região. Em seguida, os mecanismos de origem dos choques principais são modelados e os resultados são comparados com as falhas ativas e o padrão de sismicidade é discutido. A inversão do tensor de momento no tempo é usada para obter o mecanismo de origem dos terremotos. Os resultados indicam que os mecanismos dos principais choques e primários e secundários são principalmente de origem reversa e estão de acordo com a tendência das forças tectônicas, bem como com os mecanismos de outros terremotos. A distribuição epicentral dos tremores secundários indicam dois grupos. As distribuições espaciais em clusters estão de acordo com a distribuição epicentral dos choques principais. O aglomerado em torno do primeiro terremoto na seção transversal EW tem um comprimento de 15-20 Km, enquanto o aglomerado em torno do segundo e terceiro tem um comprimento de cerca de 20-25 Km. Os terremotos de Hojedk ocorreram ao longo da extensão norte do local onde foram registrados terremotos anteriores, onde uma espécie de lacuna sísmica pode ser observada e ainda existente. Em 1972, em cinco dias, quatro terremotos com magnitudes de 5,5 a 6,2 ocorreram na região de Sefidabeh na borda leste do bloco de Lut. Em ambas as regiões, os terremotos têm mecanismos reversos e associados a rupturas de superfície. Assim, pode-se concluir que a energia foi liberada principalmente com vários tremores moderados em falhas adjacentes. Em extensões ao norte de ambas as regiões, lacunas sísmicas ainda podem ser observadas e grandes terremotos podem ocorrer no futuro

Assessing Readiness to Lose Weight among Obese Women Attending the Nutrition Clinic

Background: Assessing individual’s readiness to change and targeting the intervention to the level of readiness may improve successful weight loss rates. This study aimed to assess readiness for weight loss in obese women using the trans theoretical model. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 volunteer apparently healthy obese women, in Ardabil, Iran. Participants completed the translated and validated University of Rhode Island Change Assessment questionnaire in their first visit. Subjects were categorized into one of the stages of change based on the highest of four z-transformed scale scores. The readiness to change score was calculated. Results: More than half of the participants were in early stages of weight loss and 24.5% were in the action stage. The readiness score in the precontemplation stage was significantly lower than the other stages, but no significant difference was observed among the contemplation, action and maintenance stages. The significant correlation was observed between the stages of change and waist-to-hip ratio (r=0.33, P<0.05). Conclusion: Obese women attending the nutrition clinic are in different stages to change for weight loss. Understanding person specific stages of change orientates the dietitian to use the most appropriate counseling strategies. Hence the stages and readiness to change should be considered before implementing any intervention in clinical settings for optimal outcomes

CHARACTERISTICS OF 2017 HOJEDK EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE IN KERMAN PROVINCE, SOUTHEAST IRAN

Kerman province in southeast Iran, has experienced historical and instrumentally recorded earthquakes. In December 2017, three destructive earthquakes have occurred around Hojedk, in Kerman within 11 days. In this study, first the regional seismotectonics and seismicity is presented. Then, the source mechanisms of main shocks are modeled and the results are compared with the active faults and seismicity pattern is discussed. Moment tensor inversion in time domain is used to obtain the source mechanism of earthquakes. The results indicate that the mechanisms of main shocks and aftershocks are mainly reverse and are in agreement with the trend of tectonic forces as well as the mechanisms of other earthquakes. The epicentral distribution of aftershocks indicates two clusters. The spatial distributions of clusters are in agreement with the epicentral distribution of main shocks. The cluster around the first earthquake in EW cross section has a length 15-20 Km, while the cluster around the second and third has a length about 20-25 Km. The Hojedk earthquakes occurred along the northern extension of previous earthquakes where a kind of seismic gap could be observed and still exists. In 1972, within five days four earthquakes with magnitudes 5.5 to 6.2 occurred in Sefidabeh region in eastern edge of Lut block. In both regions earthquakes have reverse mechanisms and associated with surface ruptures. Thus, it could be concluded that the energy was mainly released with several moderate earthquakes in adjacent faults. In northern extensions of both regions, seismic gaps still could be observed and major earthquakes might occur in future.A província de Kerman, no sudeste do Irã, é uma região que apresenta terremotos históricos registrados. Em dezembro de 2017, três terremotos destrutivos ocorreram em torno de Hojedk, em Kerman, durante o período de 11 dias. Neste estudo, em um primeiro momento é apresentada a sismotectônica regional e a sismicidade dessa região. Em seguida, os mecanismos de origem dos choques principais são modelados e os resultados são comparados com as falhas ativas e o padrão de sismicidade é discutido. A inversão do tensor de momento no tempo é usada para obter o mecanismo de origem dos terremotos. Os resultados indicam que os mecanismos dos principais choques e primários e secundários são principalmente de origem reversa e estão de acordo com a tendência das forças tectônicas, bem como com os mecanismos de outros terremotos. A distribuição epicentral dos tremores secundários indicam dois grupos. As distribuições espaciais em clusters estão de acordo com a distribuição epicentral dos choques principais. O aglomerado em torno do primeiro terremoto na seção transversal EW tem um comprimento de 15-20 Km, enquanto o aglomerado em torno do segundo e terceiro tem um comprimento de cerca de 20-25 Km. Os terremotos de Hojedk ocorreram ao longo da extensão norte do local onde foram registrados terremotos anteriores, onde uma espécie de lacuna sísmica pode ser observada e ainda existente. Em 1972, em cinco dias, quatro terremotos com magnitudes de 5,5 a 6,2 ocorreram na região de Sefidabeh na borda leste do bloco de Lut. Em ambas as regiões, os terremotos têm mecanismos reversos e associados a rupturas de superfície. Assim, pode-se concluir que a energia foi liberada principalmente com vários tremores moderados em falhas adjacentes. Em extensões ao norte de ambas as regiões, lacunas sísmicas ainda podem ser observadas e grandes terremotos podem ocorrer no futuro

Tunability of terahertz random lasers with temperature based on superconducting materials

We theoretically demonstrate the tunabiltiy of terahertz random lasers composed of high temperature superconductorYBCO and ruby layers as active medium. The considered system is a one-dimensional disordered medium made of ruby grain and YBCO. Finite-difference time domain method is used to calculate the emission spectrum and spatial distribution of electric field at different temperatures. Our numerical results reveal that the superconductor based random lasers exhibit large temperature tunability in the terahertz domain. The emission spectrum is significantly temperature dependent, the number of lasing modes and their intensities increase with decreasing temperature. Also, we make some discussion to explain the reason for the observed tunability and the effect of temperature variation on the spatial distribution of the electric field in the disordered active medium

Immunologic Corneal Graft Rejection after Administration of Topical Latanoprost: a Report of Two Patients

Purpose: To report endothelial corneal graft rejection after administration of topical latanoprost eye drops. Case Report: Two eyes of two patients with a history of multiple intraocular procedures prior to penetrating keratoplasty developed endothelial graft rejection one month after administration of topical latanoprost. Cystoid macular edema developed simultaneously in one patient. Conclusion: Latanoprost may trigger endothelial graft rejection in susceptible eyes

Prognosis of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Children

How to Cite This Article: Salehiomran MR, Nikkhah A, Mahdavi M. Prognosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome in Children. Iran J Child Neurol. Spring 2016; 10(2):38-41.AbstractObjectiveGuillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acute polyradiculoneuropathy characterized by progressive motor weakness of limbs and areflexia. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the clinical pattern and prognosis of children with Guillain-Barre syndrome.Materials &amp; MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in the Pediatric Neurology Unit of Amirkola Children’s Hospital, Babol, Iran during the period of 5 years from October 2008 to September 2013. We assessed the clinical features, results of electrodiagnostic tests, functional status, treatment and outcome of 17 children diagnosed with GBS.ResultsOf 17 (male to female ratio = 1.6:1) children studied, all had motor weakness, 4 children (23.5 %) and cranial nerve palsies. Respiratory paralysis was found in one child requiring assisted ventilation. Antecedent illness preceding GBS was recorded in 7 (41.2%) children. The GBS subtype distribution as per electrodiagnostic studies was as follows: acute inflammatory demyelinating  polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) in 12 (70.6%) acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) in 3 (17.6%), acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) in 2 (11.8%). IVIG constituted the treatment given in all of the patients. Complete recovery was observed in 16 children and the remaining one child was dependent to wheelchair.ConclusionGBS in children is not poor prognostic disorder and our recommendation is administration of IVIG as soon as possible after clinical diagnosis. Except for one child who remained wheelchair bound, there was no mortality or morbidity in long-term observation. Besides, strong limitation of our study was the low number of subjects. References1. Van Doorn PA, Ruts L, Jacobs BC, et al. Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Clinical features, Pathogenesis. Lancet Neurol 2008 Oct; 7(10):939 -50.2. Dhadke SV, Dhadke VN, Bangar SS, Korade MB. Clinical Profile of Guillain Barre Syndrome. J Asso Physicians India 2013; 61: 168-72.3. Pi-Lien H, Chang W, Huang L et al. A clinical and electrophysiologic survey of childhood Guillain-Barre syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2004; 30(2): 86-91.4. Koul R, Al-Futaisi A, Chacko A et al. Clinical Characteristics of Childhood Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Oman Med J 2008; 23(3): 158–61.5. Asbury AK, Cornblath DR. Assessment of current diagnostic criteria for Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann Neurol 1990; 27(suppl): S21-S24.6. Akbayram S, Doan M, Akgün C, Peker E, Sayın R, Aktar F, et al. Clinical features and prognosis with Guillain- Barré syndrome. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2011; 14: 98-102.7. Loeffel VB, Rossi LN, Mumenyhaler M. The Landry Guillain-Barré syndrome complication prognosis and natural history of 123 cases. J Neural SG 1977; 33: 71-79.8. Maneesh Kumar, Shrikiran Aroor, Suneel Mundkur, Sandeep Kumar. Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Clinical Study of Twenty Children. J Clin Diagc Res 2015 Jan; 9(1): 9-12.9. Korinthenberg R, Schulte Monting J. Natural history and treatment effects in Guillain-Barre syndrome: a multicentre study. Arch Dis Child 1996; 74: 281–87

Optimal Design of the Monopole Structures Using the CBO and ECBO Algorithms

Tubular steel monopole structure is widely used for supporting antennas in telecommunication industries. This research presents two recently developed meta-heuristic algorithms, which are called Colliding Bodies Optimization (CBO) and Enhanced Colliding Bodies Optimization (ECBO), for size optimization of monopole steel structures. The design procedure aims to obtain minimum weight of monopole structures subjected to the TIA-EIA222F specification. Two monopole structure examples are examined to verify the suitability of the design procedure and to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the CBO and ECBO in creating optimal design for this problem. The outcomes of the enhanced colliding bodies optimization (ECBO) are also compared to those of the standard colliding bodies optimization (CBO) to illustrate the importance of the enhancement of the CBO algorithm

Sputnik V vaccine efficacy

Background and objective : Generally, protection against SARS-CoV-2 was assessed by the measurement of antibody titers against spike protein and receptor binding domain “RBD”. Many global efforts lead to development of several vaccines based on various strategies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Sputnik V vaccine among Sari healthcare staff population, Iran. Methods : Seventy-nine health professional staffs that were vaccinated with two doses of Sputnik V vaccine were selected. The Immune response against spike and RBD proteins was evaluated by ELISA assays 3-4 weeks after second dose of vaccine injection. Results : The results showed the antibody titers were raised after vaccination. Data analysis has also demonstrated that the efficacy of vaccine was not related to age, gender and previous infection of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion : Sputnik V vaccine can lead to a protective response against COVID-19 infection in high percentage of the population

Potential Negative Impacts of Social Inequality on Visual Health: the Possible Pathophysiology Mechanisms

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Effects of different levels of dried tomato pomace on performance, egg quality and serum metabolites of laying hens

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of dried tomato pomace (DTP) on performance, egg quality and serum metabolites in laying hens. A total of one hundred and forty four LOHMANN LSL-LITE hens were randomly allocated into 4 groups consisting of 6 replicates, each replicate has 6 birds. Birds were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 150, 170 or 190 g/kg of DTP. As a result of this study, there were no significant differences in body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), egg production (EP), feed conversion ratio (FCR) egg weight (EW), egg mass (EM), eggshell weight (ESW), eggshell thickness (EST) and Haugh unit (HU) among treatments. Dietary inclusion of DTP significantly increased yolk color score (YCS, P &lt; 0.01). As dietary DTP increased from 0 to 19%, YCS significantly increased from 7.25 to 9.67 and 7.25 to 9.83 in first and second periods, respectively. Total serum protein, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, albumin, glucose and triglyceride levels were not significantly affected by DTP addition. In summary, DTP can be used as an alternative feedstuff in laying hen diets at inclusion levels up to 190 g/kg without any negative impact on performance and egg quality traits.Key words: Dried tomato pomace, egg quality, laying hen, serum metabolites