The effect of cell derived microparticles in transfusion medicine and adaptive immune system

This article reviews will focus on the concept and formation of micro particles (MPs) in circulation and their role in transfusion medicine and immune system. MPs are cell membrane derived vesicles which express markers of their parent cells and are found in circulation at low levels. Exact functions of MPs are unclear. In here, Physiological almost all types of circulating MPs including platelets MPs (PMPs), leukocytes MPs (LMPs), red blood cells MPs (RMPs) and endothelial cells MPs (EMPs) have been discussed. Furthermore, MPs present in plasma and blood products and their levels increase during storage. Thus, it can be stated that MPs are likely to cause transfusion reactions, particularly thrombotic complications and Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI). Also, it is shown that the MPs may affect the immune system. However, to prove these, more and extensive studies both in vivo and in vitro need to be done

A Survey of Organizational Health in University Hospitals of Isfahan

Background & Objectives: Hospitals, due to their role in improving the health of populations, should have adequate organizational health. Organizational health is critical for organizational productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the organizational health of university hospitals of Isfahan, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytic and cross- sectional study was conducted in 7 hospitals in 2015. A researcher-made questionnaire with 18 dimensions and 54 questions was used to gather data. A total of 283 hospital employees were randomly selected from seven hospitals. Data analysis was performed through SPSS21 and using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percent, mean ± SD as well as inferential statistics like regression and ANOVA. Results: The mean score Mean score of organizational health in studied hospitals was 3.08 ± 0.63 from 5. Organizational health was good in one hospital, moderate in five hospitals and poor in one hospital. Dimensions of morale, planning and formality had the highest and dimensions of justice, decision- making and control had the lowest scores. Intra-ward relationships, efficient use of resources, adaptability, leadership and independence showed the most effect on organizational health. Specialty hospitals had better organizational health compared to general hospitals. There was significant relationship between managers’ work experience and organizational health. Conclusion: University hospitals of Isfahan have moderate organizational health and hospital managers should apply necessary activities for improvement of organizational health. Key¬words: Organization, Teaching hospital, Organizational health, Organizational pathology, Productivity ¬Citation: Mosadeghrad AM, Akbari sari A, Esmaeili M. A Survey of Organizational Health in University Hospitals of Isfahan. Journal of Health Based Research 2016; 2(4): 329-344

The role of intergenerational family in family functions and cultural values in Aligudarz, Iran in 2022

Background: Based on diversified intergenerational living in urban Iran, this study was conducted to determine the role of intergenerational family in family functions and cultural values in Aligudarz. Methods: This study was analytical cross-sectional based on questionnaire. The population were included over 18 years of age in Aligudarz, 376 people were selected as a sample using Cochran sampling by simple random sampling method. Library and survey methods were used to collect data. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation tests were used to test the hypotheses. Results: Elderly people have better family functions than others (P=0.011) and adhere more to cultural values. Elderly people have more management in family crises with f value of 3.140 (p=0.019). The correlation coefficient between family cohesion and family functions is 0.152 with a direct correlation (P=0.003). As the level of family cohesion increases, family functions also increase. There is a direct correlation between kinship relations and family functions (P=0.777, -0.015). There is no relationship between the level of kinship and family functioning. Conclusion: It is possible to improve the current status given the level of adherence to cultural values, crisis management, and family cohesion, Kinship relationships among different generations, and the relationship between the variables of adherence to cultural values, crisis management and cohesion, and family functions

The explanation of effective factors on the healthy lifestyle of the nursing students' view: A qualitative study

Nurses have a key role in improving the client's health and their lifestyle is effective in representing services to the patients and client. This study aims to investigate the nursing students' perception about the effective factors on their healthy lifestyle. This study was done qualitatively with the content analysis approach and through 20 semi-structured and deep interviews with undergraduate nursing students of Tehran city. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and reviewed. Also, codes were extracted. Based on centrality, codes were put in a sub-category and then by reviewing sub-categories again, they were put in categories and finally, a theme was determined. During the process of content analysis, theme on the effective factors on nursing students' healthy life style was revealed. The theme included 9 categories: ``the perception of effective factors on health promotion'', ``having enough time'', ``inner factors'', ``work-related factors or activity'', ``environmental factors'', ``knowledge and awareness'', ``individual factors'', ``social factors'', and ``perceived priorities''. The participants believed that various and widespread factors affected their health promotion level. The extension of these factors demands the complete attention to different health dimensions and how to improve it by person, family, and community. Hosseini M, Ashktorab T, Taghdisi MH, Esmaeili Vardanjani SA. The explanation of effective factors on the healthy lifestyle of the nursing students' view: A qualitative study. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5558-5567] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 82

Living ups and down: The Life Experiences of the Spinal Cord Injured in Winter Sport of Tube-riding: A Qualitative Phenomenology Research

Winter sports are very entertaining, exciting, and pleasurable but they can be simultaneously very dangerous and hazardous with the high ratio of damages. The hostile environment, equipments, devices, and the athlete's lack of sufficient skills cause the increase in the amount of damages and dangers derived from them. One of the winter sports is tube-riding. Because the tube-rider does not have any controls on the tube with regard to the speed control, path direction, brake, and stop, it leads to the high amount of damages; therefore this study aims to investigate the life experiences of the spinal cord injured in the winter sport of tube-riding. The researcher used a quantitative approach of qualitative phenomenology in the study. The participants were the spinal cord injured who were selected among the injured of winter sport of Koohrang tube-riding piste in Chaharrmahal and Bakhtiari province. The sampling was aim based and finally through data saturation, six spinal cord injured were selected for the study. Data were collected by the interviewing the participants deeply and then were noted completely. Data analysis was based on Colaizzi approach. After analyzing the data, the life living up and down theme was elicited. The theme includes four subsets: 1) Physically living ups and down, 2) Mental, psychical, and emotional living ups and down, 3) Economical living ups and down, and 4) Social living ups and down. The obtained results of the study present a deep understanding of the life experiences of the spinal cord injured in the winter sport of tube-riding to the nurses and hygienic observers and also it is a warning for people and authorities to prevent and decrease the damages of this winter sport. Abedi HA, Ghani Dehkordi F, Hajinezhad MA, Najafi Khah MA, Ghezelsefli Z, Esmaeili Vardanjani SA. The Life Experiences of the Spinal Cord Injured in the Winter Sport of Tube-riding: A Qualitative Phenomenology Research. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5529-5535] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 82

Quality in Grounded Theory Studies

Introduction: The quality of qualitative research is an important issue for clinicians and researchers that use research in order to deliver high quality care. Gaining quality in qualitative research, such as grounded theory, is not an accident and is achieved by abiding a set of circumstances. The aim of this study was to identify the most important criteria in assessing the quality of grounded theory studies. Method: This is a review study done by an extensive review of literature in the form of electronic and printed materials. This paper therefore, has reviewed 10 related books and 11 related papers. Results: The result of literature review showed that compliance to methodological principles of research is the key element in achieving quality in grounded theory studies. Paying attention to dynamic research process, theoretical sampling, theoretical sensitivity, constant comparison, theoretical saturation, methodological fitness, and linking research and body of knowledge are important factors in achieving quality in grounded theory. Conclusion: Quality in grounded theory is an important issue in qualitative research. Grounded theory researchers must have a thorough understanding of methods used in research. Moreover, they must try to improve the quality of grounded theory studies by considering ontological and epistemological assumptions. Keywords: Quality, Grounded theory, Nursing researc

The effect of fasting on emotional intelligence in clergies in Shahrekord seminary

زمینه و هدف: اصطلاح هوش هیجانی به منظور بیان کیفیت و درک احساسات افراد، همدردی و توانایی اداره ی مطلوب خلق و خو بکار برده می شود. از آنجا که اثرات مفید روزه داری در ماه رمضان بر ابعاد روانی انسان هر روز بیش از پیش مشخص می شود، هدف از این مطالعه تعیین تأثیرات روزه داری بر میزان هوش هیجانی و مولفه های آن می باشد. روش بررسی: مطالعه حاضر در زمره تحقیقات کوهورت خود کنترلی از نوع آینده نگر است که در ماه رمضان 1389 با شرکت 32 نفر از طلاب مرد روزه دار حوزه علمیه شهرستان شهرکرد و به روش داوطلبانه در دسترس انجام گرفت. مقادیر هوش هیجانی با 15 خرده مقیاس توسط پرسشنامه بار-ان (Bar-On) در 3 مرحله (یک هفته قبل، پایان و یک ماه پس از ماه رمضان) اندازه گیری و با استفاده از آزمون آماری آنالیز واریانس سنجش تکرار شده، تحلیل مقایسه های چندگانه انجام گردید. یافته ها: مطابق نتایج میانگین هوش هیجانی در 3 مرحله متفاوت (001/0>P) و بیشترین مقدار آن در مرحله دوم (پایان ماه رمضان) مشاهده گردید (51/8 ± 59/125) .به جز در مورد خرده مقیاس استقلال در سایر مولفه ها، تفاوت معنی‌داری بین 3 مرحله انجام آزمون وجود داشت (05/0>P) و مولفه های خودشناسی، کنترل تکانش، مسئولیت پذیری و همدلی در مرحله دوم افزایش یافتند. نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه روزه داری می‌تواند یکی از عوامل تأثیر گذار در میزان هوش هیجانی در روزه داران باشد ولی با این حال نتیجه گیری دقیق در باره ی رابطه بین روزه داری و هوش هیجانی و شناخت و آگاهی از فرآیندهای زیربنایی تأثیرگذار بر این رابطه مستلزم انجام تحقیقات بیشتر اس

Employed nurse's awareness about nursing sighted tasks

Setting the nurse's sighted tasks and clarifying communicative lines and their purposes help effectively to establish appropriate working conditions. Approved nurse's sighted tasks are sensible and necessary for all nursing rankings and levels. Regarding this, a research for determining the nurses' awareness about nursing sighted tasks was conducted in internal and surgical wards in Tabriz selected hospitals. This survey was a descriptive study. 298 nurses were studied through a questionnaire that contained 40 questions in the form of self - reporting check list. 21 questions of 40 questions of the questionnaire were nursing sighted tasks; 19 ones were not. Reliability of the test was analyzed by SPSS14 statistical software during the study on 20 nurses. Inner correlation coefficient of questioner was 0.88. Most of the nurses were female (90.3%) and 69.5% married. 98.7% bachelor in nursing, and 90.9% of the nurses had BSc in nursing, 60.7% were under the professional responsibility insurance, and worked as nurses, respectively. The averages of nurses' ages and working background in nursing profession were 5.9 +/- 33.6 years and 73.13 +/- 108.3 months, respectively. Most of the nurses had average awareness about nursing sighted tasks, and Just 7.4% and 11.4% had low and good awareness. 67.4% and 29.9% of the subjects had known the presence of nursing duties composition very necessary and necessary. Overall, 97.3% of them have known the presence of duties composition very necessary and essential, and so these ones tended to be aware of their duties composition. Just 24.2% of the nurses had stated that there exists nursing duties composition. These cases can indicate the low level in-service education periods and also low nurses academic educations in this field. There are often ambiguous points in nursing activities which are arisen from working interferences with the other medicine professions in hospitals. Nurses are expected to do some procedure which is not their sighted tasks or they have not been trained enough about. Nurses ` activities in the affairs out of their sighted tasks and have done by system pressure have frequently led to complain of the nurses, and so this issue faces the nurses with so many difficulties. Esmaeili Vardanjani SA, Mohajjel Aghdam AR, Sohrabi M, Malekpoor P, Dadkhah D, Alinejad H. Employed nurse's awareness about sighted tasks. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5501-5505] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 81

The relationship between the religious beliefs and the feeling of loneliness in elderly

The objective of this research is to study the relationship between the religious beliefs and the feeling of loneliness in elderly. In this descriptive correlation study, the statistical society included 100 individuals of the society of retired people in the Medical University of Gilan province in Iran. The sample was taken by the easy random method. The method of collecting data was the questionnaire contained 3 parts: 1) personal characteristics and social characteristics. 2) Allport's internal and external religious beliefs scale and 3) the Standard loneliness feeling of You care. Data was analyzed by means of the description and presumption statistical methods and use of the SPSS software. The findings showed that there is a meaningful correlation between the external religious beliefs and the marital status, the amount of income, socialization with family members and relatives, social activities and also between the internal religious beliefs and the attending in the religious gatherings, the emotional support of the family, friends, and the others and the general satisfaction of the mentioned supports with P<0.05 and finally with the use of the nonparametric testes, a meaningful relationship has been found between the religious beliefs and the feeling of loneliness with P<0.001. Thus this study shows that the religious believes as an important source of support in aged people, can help them to be healthier physically and psychologically and it is essential to consider it for the mental health educational plans. © Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee)

Risk assessment of occupational exposure to BTEX in the National Oil Distribution Company in Iran

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the quantitative, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of exposure to BTEX using lifetime cancer risk (LCR) and hazard quotient (HQ) in the National Company for Distribution of Petroleum Products in Iran.METHODS: In this risk assessment method, the data were collected in different parts of the company. In order to determine the concentration of BTEX, sampling was carried out in different parts using activated carbon. A Gas Chromatography–Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) was used for analysis. Analysis and sampling was conducted according to the NIOSH 1500 method. For carcinogenic risk assessment, LCR was calculated. For non-carcinogenic risk assessment, HQ was calculated.RESULTS: The carcinogenetic risk of benzene was definite for loading and deep handling units, and safety officer, and was probable rank for sealing, inspection gate, security, loading 1, and deep handling units. The carcinogenic risk of ethylbenzene was definite for quality control and loading 1 units, was probable for deep handling and loading 2 units, and safety officer, and was possible for sealing, inspection gates, security units. The non-carcinogenic risk of toluene was acceptable for deep handling, clothing, inspection gates, and sealing units, but was unacceptable for officer safety, quality control, loading 1, and loading 2 units. The non-carcinogenic risk of xylene was acceptable for the inspection gate unit, but was unacceptable for security, sealing, officer safety, quality control, deep handling, loading 1, loading 2 units.CONCLUSIONS: This risk assessment method used was a comprehensive and quantitative method, so it determined risk accurately. Commensurate with the risk level of each part of the company, the appropriate corrective actions must be carried out