The Effectiveness of Evaluation Style in Improving Lingual Knowledge for Ajloun College Students

The study aimed at investigating to what extent does evaluation style help in improving the lingual knowledge for females’ students in Ajloun College. The sample of the study consists of (45) students from Ajloun College and it was selected purposefully; it represents three experimental groups; the first group consists of (15) students was evaluated by the teacher without discussing the test after evaluation; the second group consists of (15) students was evaluated by classmates; and the third group consists of (15) students was assessed by themselves. The treatments were distributed on the groups randomly. The results revealed that there are significant statistical differences at ( ? ? 0.05among the performance means of the post test of the groups. Thus, the post comparisons indicated that there were significant differences at ( ? ? 0.05) among the performance means due to the group that was assessed by classmates. Also, there were significant differences at ( ? ? 0.05) between the group that assessed by the teacher and the group that assessed by themselves in favor of the group that was assessed by themselves. Key Words: evaluation style, lingual Knowledge

Gene Co-expression Network and Copy Number Variation Analyses Identify Transcription Factors Associated With Multiple Myeloma Progression

Multiple myeloma (MM) has two clinical precursor stages of disease: monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM). However, the mechanism of progression is not well understood. Because gene co-expression network analysis is a well-known method for discovering new gene functions and regulatory relationships, we utilized this framework to conduct differential co-expression analysis to identify interesting transcription factors (TFs) in two publicly available datasets. We then used copy number variation (CNV) data from a third public dataset to validate these TFs. First, we identified co-expressed gene modules in two publicly available datasets each containing three conditions: normal, MGUS, and SMM. These modules were assessed for condition-specific gene expression, and then enrichment analysis was conducted on condition-specific modules to identify their biological function and upstream TFs. TFs were assessed for differential gene expression between normal and MM precursors, then validated with CNV analysis to identify candidate genes. Functional enrichment analysis reaffirmed known functional categories in MM pathology, the main one relating to immune function. Enrichment analysis revealed a handful of differentially expressed TFs between normal and either MGUS or SMM in gene expression and/or CNV. Overall, we identified four genes of interest (MAX, TCF4, ZNF148, and ZNF281) that aid in our understanding of MM initiation and progression

Knowledge, attitude, practice and satisfaction of patients using analgesic patches in Jordan

Purpose: To investigate the knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) and satisfaction of Jordanian patients using analgesic patches. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in four urban centers in Jordan (Amman (capital), Irbid (northern Jordan), Zarqa (central Jordan), and Karak (southern of Jordan)) using a validated closed and open-ended questionnaire. The questionnaire was delivered by hand to a target sample of 250 patients. Results: A total of 178 patients were recruited with a response rate of 71.2 %. Only 40 % of patients had previously been prescribed or recommended to take analgesic patches by a physician or pharmacist. The overall proportion of patients who were aware of the correct use of patch was only of 31 %. Conclusion: The use of patches in Jordan is limited due to lack of patients’ knowledge about the proper use of patches. Further studies should be carried out to evaluate healthcare providers’ perceptions and knowledge towards the use of patches

Immunotherapeutic Concepts to Target Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Focusing on the Role of Monoclonal Antibodies, Hypomethylating Agents and the Leukemic Microenvironment

Intensive chemotherapeutic protocols and allogeneic stem cell transplantation continue to represent the mainstay of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment. Although this approach leads to remissions in the majority of patients, long-term disease control remains unsatisfactory as mirrored by overall survival rates of approximately 30%. The reason for this poor outcome is, in part, due to various toxicities associated with traditional AML therapy and the limited ability of most patients to tolerate such treatment. More effective and less toxic therapies therefore represent an unmet need in the management of AML, a disease for which therapeutic progress has been traditionally slow when compared to other cancers. Several studies have shown that leukemic blasts elicit immune responses that could be exploited for the development of novel treatment concepts. To this end, early phase studies of immune-based therapies in AML have delivered encouraging results and demonstrated safety and feasibility. In this review, we discuss opportunities for immunotherapeutic interventions to enhance the potential to achieve a cure in AML, thereby focusing on the role of monoclonal antibodies, hypomethylating agents and the leukemic microenvironment

Shared Governance among Nurses: A Descriptive Study from Jordan

Background: Shared governance (SG) of employees is crucial in building trust within healthcare organizations. Control over practice, ownership of actions, the feeling of independence, and involvement in work decisions significantly increases employees’ intent to stay, whereas exclusion from the decision-making process leads to a higher rate of turnover. Improve decision-making and enhance collaboration among the nursing staff and nurse leaders; pave the way for greater autonomy and management of healthcare delivery. Purpose: To examine the SG perceptions among Jordanian registered nurses in different clinical areas. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used. A convenience sample of 261 nurses was recruited from three hospitals in Jordan between 2017 and 2018. tool Results: The total SG score ranged between 86 and 344 with a mean of 175.6. There was a slight difference in total SG scores among hospitals. However, when the subscales were compared across the three hospitals, some differences emerged specifically in nurses’ total perceived personnel and total perceived goal and conflict. The median age of the sample was 28 years, and about half of them (54%) were males. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that there is room to increase the level of nurses’ control and influence in decision-making, particularly in those departments that scored lower on the IPNG    Implications: The study results have implications for nursing administration, policy development, and decision-making when choosing/adopting a model of organizational SG to cultivate excellence in the workplace. Key Words: Shared Governance; Registered nurses; Work environment &nbsp

Increase in conduction velocity in myelinated nerves due to stretch – An experimental verification

BackgroundBased on published experimental evidence, a recent publication revealed an anomalous phenomenon in nerve conduction: for myelinated nerves the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) increases with stretch, which should have been the opposite according to existing concepts and theories since the diameter decreases on stretching. To resolve the anomaly, a new conduction mechanism for myelinated nerves was proposed based on physiological changes in the nodal region, introducing a new electrical resistance at the node. The earlier experimental measurements of NCV were performed on the ulnar nerve at different angles of flexion, focusing at the elbow region, but left some uncertainty for not reporting the lengths of nerve segments involved so that the magnitudes of stretch could not be estimated.AimsThe aim of the present study was to relate NCV of myelinated nerves with different magnitudes of stretch through careful measurements.MethodEssentially, we duplicated the earlier published NCV measurements on ulnar nerves at different angles of flexion but recording appropriate distances between nerve stimulation points on the skin carefully and assuming that the lengths of the underlying nerve segment undergoes the same percentages of changes as that on the skin outside.ResultsWe found that the percentage of nerve stretch across the elbow is directly proportional to the angle of flexion and that the percentage increase in NCV is directly proportional to the percentage increase in nerve stretch. Page’s L Trend test also supported the above trends of changes through obtained p values.DiscussionOur experimental findings on myelinated nerves agree with those of some recent publications which measured changes in CV of single fibres, both myelinated and unmyelinated, on stretch. Analyzing all the observed results, we may infer that the new conduction mechanism based on the nodal resistance and proposed by the recent publication mentioned above is the most plausible one to explain the increase in CV with nerve stretch. Furthermore, interpreting the experimental results in the light of the new mechanism, we may suggest that the ulnar nerve at the forearm is always under a mild stretch, with slightly increased NCV of the myelinated nerves

Following drug degradation and consequent taste deterioration of an oral reconstituted paediatric suspension during dosing interval via electronic tongue

BackgroundThe taste of oral liquid dosage forms is a crucial factor that impacts pediatric patient compliance. Taste of suspensions can be typically evaluated by human volunteers. Recently, the electronic tongue (ET) has been proven as an emerging tool that could be useful to follow up various formulations’ properties like taste and composition. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of ET in assessing the taste deterioration of reconstituted oral suspensions and compare the results obtained with the typical in vivo panel taste method. MethodsFour commercially available brands of amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid suspensions (one brand and three generic formulations) were reconstituted and stored in refrigerator to assess their taste on a daily basis. The taste of these products was assessed using Alpha-Astree ET and the obtained results were compared with those obtained from an in vivo panel taste assessment using a hedonic panel test (the 5-point hedonic scale). ResultsAll evaluated suspensions exhibited similar trends. ET and in vivo analysis indicated low taste scores for all evaluated suspensions immediately after reconstitution, possibly due to the incomplete dissolution of sucrose. The scores for all formulations were higher on day 2, followed by a steady state for the next two days. After that, a significant decay in the scores was observed in the fifth day for all evaluated suspensions. ET results were in excellent agreement with the results obtained via in vivo panel test method. ConclusionThe ET seems to be promising for testing the taste of pharmaceutical liquid preparations and evaluate possible deterioration upon storage or after reconstitution. It may provide a platform to avoid the involvement of pediatric volunteers in clinical evaluation and can be employed as a quality control tool during manufacturing