EVALUATION OF ACROMIAL GEOMETRY IN RELATION TO THE CUFF TEARS ON THIEL-EMBALMED CADAVERS USING 3D MICROSCRIBE DIGITIZER. Evaluación de la geometría acromial en relación a la ruptura del manguito rotador en cadáveres embalsamados según la técnica de Thiel

Objetivo: El propósito del presente estudio es evaluar la geometría del acromion en relación con las ruptura del manguito de los rotadores. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron 30 pares de escápulas, 20 del sexo femenino y 10 del sexo masculino, con una edad promedio de 82 años (con intervalo de 62 a 101 años). Las escápulas fueron escaneadas y las mediciones se realizaron con un digitalizador Microscribe 3D y el software de rinoceronte. Principales Resultados: La media encontrada para el ángulo de inclinación acromial y la vertiente fueron 38,70 ± 5,91° y 48,87 ± 9,94° respectivamente. La media de los ángulos acromial lateral y acromio-glenoideo fueron 81,13 ± 8,72° y 182,80 ± 12,09°, respectivamente. Las distancias entre el acromial (la extremidad anterior y posterior) y el glenoideo fueron 28,7 ± 3,77 mm y 20,75 ± 4,45 mm, respectivamente. Los ángulos entre el acromion y la glena son más grandes en el lado izquierdo en comparación con el lado derecho, 186.49° y 179,16° (P <0.05). La distancia entre el acromial posterior y el glenoideo mostró una diferencia significativa (P <0,05) entre los sexos (23,13 mm para el sexo femenino  y 26,37 mm para el sexo masculino). Conclusión: No hubo diferencias significativas en relación a las roturas del manguito de los rotadores. La comprensión de la geometría del acromion es importante para mejorar las técnicas quirúrgicas en la cirugía del hombro. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate acromion geometry in relation to rotator cuff tears. Materials and Methods: Thirty pairs of scapulae from 20 females and 10 males, average age 82 years (range 62 to 101 years), were scanned and measurements taken using a 3D microscribe digitizer and Rhino software. Main Results: The mean angles of acromion tilt and slope were 38.70± 5.91° and 48.87± 9.94° respectively, while those for lateral acromial and acromial to glenoid were 81.13± 8.72° and 182.80± 12.09°, respectively. The acromial (anterior and posterior tip) to glenoid distances were 28.7 ± 3.77 mm and 20.75 ± 4.45 mm, respectively. Left shoulders also were showed higher angles (P<0.05) of the acromion to glenoid than right, 186.49° and 179.16°. Posterior acromial to glenoid distance showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between females and males, 23.13 mm and 26.37 mm, respectively. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in relation to rotator cuff tears. Understanding the geometry of the acromion will improve surgical intervention in shoulder surger

A facile approach to manufacturing non-ionic surfactant nanodipsersions using proniosome technology and high-pressure homogenization

In this study, a niosome nanodispersion was manufactured using high-pressure homogenization following the hydration of proniosomes. Using beclometasone dipropionate (BDP) as a model drug, the characteristics of the homogenized niosomes were compared with vesicles prepared via the conventional approach of probe-sonication. Particle size, zeta potential, and the drug entrapment efficiency were similar for both size reduction mechanisms. However, high-pressure homogenization was much more efficient than sonication in terms of homogenization output rate, avoidance of sample contamination, offering a greater potential for a large-scale manufacturing of noisome nanodispersions. For example, high-pressure homogenization was capable of producing small size niosomes (209 nm) using a short single-step of size reduction (6 min) as compared with the time-consuming process of sonication (237 nm in >18 min) and the BDP entrapment efficiency was 29.65% ± 4.04 and 36.4% ± 2.8. In addition, for homogenization, the output rate of the high-pressure homogenization was 10 ml/min compared with 0.83 ml/min using the sonication protocol. In conclusion, a facile, applicable, and highly efficient approach for preparing niosome nanodispersions has been established using proniosome technology and high-pressure homogenization

Increase in Endothelin-1 Expression in Umbilical Cord Arteries in Preeclampsia

Objective: Endothelin1 (ET1) is 21- amino acid vasoconstrictor peptide secreted by endotheliumwhich has an important role in the pathoohysiology of preeclampsia (PE).  The objective of this study was to evaluate the binding sites and quantitative changes in ET1 in umbilical cord vessels of PE patients. Methods: This study recruited 40 pregnant women between 20-40 years old at 3rd trimester. All cases selected for this study underwent an elective cesarean section, grouped into 2 groups; PE group of 20 pregnant women (at 3rd trimester) who proved to have pregnancy induced hypertension and proteinuria. The control group was of 20 healthy pregnant females at the same average of gestational age and with the same exclusion criteria and no PE, underwent elective caesarean section.  Umbilical cord tissues were taken from the maternal side, fixed with formalin, paraffin, embedded sections of umbilical cord were treated with Endothelin1 antibody. The immunoreactivity of ET1 was assessed using Aperio image scope software. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS program. Results: The results demonstrated a significant increase (P = 0.001) of ET1 expression in cord vessels of PE group with respect to control group (mean 28.5±1.7, 2.6±0.4 respectively). Conclusion: It is concluded that ET1 is markedly increase in PE and may be the cause behind promoted vascular smooth muscle cell contraction and blood pressure elevation in PE