Prediction of the World Cup Soccer Winner: Using Two Statistical Methods

Soccer is considered the most popular sport on earth and applying statistical models to analyze small soccer data has been of a keen interest to modern researchers. Statistical modeling of soccer data also provides guidance and assistance to stakeholders. The goal of this paper is to establish a consistent statistical approach to help in the prediction of future World Cup championships. Ordinary least squares regression is used to develop models which predict goal margin of games and logistic regression is used to develop models which estimate the probability of a team winning the game. Discriminant Analysis was also used to determine which variables significantly influence individual game wins. The Fisher classification procedure allows for interpretability while providing a robust approach to classifying the 32 contestants of the 2014 World Cup using the previous data from 2006 and 2010 World Cup Championships

Étude de l'impact d'une intervention d'observance sur le développement de la résistance aux antirétroviraux au Mali et au Burkina Faso

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Muzara’ah-Based Crowdfunding for Financing Small Farmers in Mali

Crowdfunding is deemed a new trend that plays a vital role in reshaping the future of financial transactions and services, and many use it to collect funds from individuals. When crowdfunding is used in accordance with Shari’ah principles, it is called Islamic crowdfunding. This paper aims to develop a Muzara’ah-based crowdfunding model which can contribute to developing agricultural activity in Mali. The paper relies on library research, relevant literature, articles, and books to archive the study’s goals. The paper found that this model can contribute to providing farmers with the necessary funds. many farmers can access funds, and hence the financing problem will reduce

Accès À La Terre Et Profil De La Pauvreté Dans Le Delta Du Fleuve Sénégal

Cet article tente de caractériser les ménages agricoles pauvres dans le Delta du fleuve Sénégal après la crise alimentaire de 2008, durant laquelle les politiques publiques ont réalisé des aménagements hydroagricoles pour lutter contre la pauvreté et l’insécurité alimentaire. Il s’appuie sur des enquêtes de terrain auprès des producteurs. Les résultats montrent une forte inégalité entre les cultivateurs en termes de capital foncier et de surfaces cultivées. Aussi les ménages les plus pauvres sont-ils ceux qui n’emblavent pas assez de superficies, qui ne cultivent qu’en contre-saison chaude et, par conséquent, ne gagnent pas assez de revenus agricoles pour améliorer leur condition de vie. This paper attempts to characterise poor farming households in the Senegal River Delta after the 2008 food crisis, during which public policies implemented hydro-agricultural developments to combat poverty and food insecurity. It is based on field surveys of producers. The results show a strong inequality between farmers in terms of land capital and cultivated areas. As a result, the poorest households are those that do not cultivate enough land, only cultivate in the off-season and therefore do not earn enough agricultural income to improve their living conditions.&nbsp

Traumatic posterior dislocation of hip with ipsilateral fracture of shaft of the femur: external maneuvers reduction and osteosynthesis by screw plate about a case and review of literature at Tambacounda regional hospital in Senegal

Traumatic hip dislocation associated with an ipsilateral femoral fracture is a rare injury. It occurs in a high-energy traumatic context. The classic mechanism consists of a fall with landing on the hip, which initially dislocates and the femur fracture occurs secondarily by adduction of the proximal fragment. The diagnosis is difficult in front of the fracture whose signs mask the vicious attitude of the dislocation. We reported the case of a passenger of a motorcycle who collided with a parked car.  He was ejected from the motorcycle and landed on his right hip. We performed X-rays of hip and lower limb at his admission which revealed a dislocation of hip in its high posterior variety and a medio-diaphyseal fracture of femur on same side. Reduction of dislocation by external maneuvers was made and osteosynthesis of femur with screwed plate performed 48 h later. After 16 months of care, functional and radiological results sufficient

Pure internal subtalar dislocation: review of 5 cases

Pure subtalar dislocation is a rare injury. It accounts for 1% of dislocations seen in trauma. It involves a loss of anatomical relationship between the talus, calcaneus and scaphoid, but the tibio-peroneal-astragalic congruence is maintained.  The aim of this study was to find an explanation between the occurrence of subtalar dislocation in its medial variety and the Jakarta motorbike crash.  Five male patients who had fallen from a Jakarta motorbike were included. Two cases of open dislocation were reported. They received wound trimming under spinal anaesthesia. We proceeded to reduce the dislocation using a boot puller maneuver and restraint with a plaster boot. The postoperative course was simple with wound healing. The casting lasted 6 weeks but was extended to 8 weeks for open dislocations. After removal of the cast, rehabilitation was prescribed for all patients. This consisted mainly of proprioception in order to restore the functions of the ankle. At a mean follow-up of 25.2 months, the patients did not complain of pain or stiffness and the X-rays taken were normal

A short-term assessment of nascent HIV-1 transmission clusters among newly diagnosed individuals using envelope sequence-based phylogenetic analyses

The identification of transmission clusters (TCs) of HIV-1 using phylogenetic analyses can provide insights into viral transmission network and help improve prevention strategies. We compared the use of partial HIV-1 envelope fragment of 1,070 bp with its loop 3 (108 bp) to determine its utility in inferring HIV-1 transmission clustering. Serum samples of recently (n = 106) and chronically (n = 156) HIV-1-infected patients with status confirmed were sequenced. HIV-1 envelope nucleotide-based phylogenetic analyses were used to infer HIV-1 TCs. Those were constructed using ClusterPickerGUI_1.2.3 considering a pairwise genetic distance of £10% threshold. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between the demographic factors that were likely associated with HIV-1 clustering. Ninety-eight distinct consensus envelope sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analyses. Using a partial envelope fragment sequence, 42 sequences were grouped into 15 distinct small TCs while the V3 loop reproduces 10 clusters. The agreement between the partial envelope and the V3 loop fragments was significantly moderate with a Cohen’s kappa (j) coefficient of 0.59, p < .00001. The mean age (<38.8 years) and HIV-1 B subtype are two factors identified that were significantly associated with HIV-1 transmission clustering in the cohort, odds ratio (OR) = 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI, 0.04–0.66), p = .002 and OR: 0.17, 95% CI (0.10–0.61), p = .011, respectively. The present study confirms that a partial fragment of the HIV-1 envelope sequence is a better predictor of transmission clustering. However, the loop 3 segment may be useful in screening purposes and may be more amenable to integration in surveillance programs

Traumatological emergencies: epidemiological and problematic aspects of care in the orthopedics traumatology department of the CHU Ignace Deen in Conakry

Background: A trauma emergency is any aggression (direct or indirect) external to the body for which no therapeutic delay is allowed at the risk of endangering the patient's life or the functional prognosis of his limbs. The objective of this study was to report the results of the management of traumatological emergencies. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study from 11 January 2021, to 11 July 2021. It focused on patients seen for traumatological emergencies in the CHU Ignace Deen Orthopaedics-Traumatology department. Results: Trauma emergencies constitute 75.2% of admissions to the emergency department. The average age of the patients was 32.2 years, with extremes of 1 and 91 years. There was a predominance of 76.3% males with a ratio (M/F) of 3.2. Road traffic accidents were the most found aetiology in 82.9%, and motorcycles were involved in 68.7%. Limb fractures were found in 34.7%. The treatment time was ≤6 hours in 67.5%, and 203 patients received drug treatment, i.e., 49.7%. Conclusions: Trauma emergencies constitute, by their frequency and seriousness, a real public health problem in Africa in general and in Guinea in particular

HIV-1 envelope sequence-based diversity measures for identifying recent infections

Identifying recent HIV-1 infections is crucial for monitoring HIV-1 incidence and optimizing public health prevention efforts. To identify recent HIV-1 infections, we evaluated and compared the performance of 4 sequence-based diversity measures including percent diversity, percent complexity, Shannon entropy and number of haplotypes targeting 13 genetic segments within the env gene of HIV-1. A total of 597 diagnostic samples obtained in 2013 and 2015 from recently and chronically HIV-1 infected individuals were selected. From the selected samples, 249 (134 from recent versus 115 from chronic infections) env coding regions, including V1-C5 of gp120 and the gp41 ectodomain of HIV-1, were successfully amplified and sequenced by next generation sequencing (NGS) using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The ability of the four sequence-based diversity measures to correctly identify recent HIV infections was evaluated using the frequency distribution curves, median and interquartile range and area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Comparing the median and interquartile range and evaluating the frequency distribution curves associated with the 4 sequence-based diversity measures, we observed that the percent diversity, number of haplotypes and Shannon entropy demonstrated significant potential to discriminate recent from chronic infections (p<0.0001). Using the AUC of ROC analysis, only the Shannon entropy measure within three HIV-1 env segments could accurately identify recent infections at a satisfactory level. The env segments were gp120 C2_1 (AUC = 0.806), gp120 C2_3 (AUC = 0.805) and gp120 V3 (AUC = 0.812). Our results clearly indicate that the Shannon entropy measure represents a useful tool for predicting HIV-1 infection recency

HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein amino acids signatures associated with clade B transmitted/founder and recent viruses

Background: HIV-1 transmitted/founder viruses (TF) are selected during the acute phase of infection from a multitude of virions present during transmission. They possess the capacity to establish infection and viral dissemination in a new host. Deciphering the discrete genetic determinant of infectivity in their envelope may provide clues for vaccine design. Methods: One hundred twenty-six clade B HIV-1 consensus envelope sequences from untreated acute and early infected individuals were compared to 105 sequences obtained from chronically infected individuals using next generation sequencing and molecular analyses. Results: We identified an envelope amino acid signature associated with TF viruses. They are more likely to have an isoleucine (I) in position 841 instead of an arginine (R). This mutation of R to I (R841I) in the gp41 cytoplasmic tail (gp41CT), specifically in lentivirus lytic peptides segment 1 (LLP-1), is significantly enriched compared to chronic viruses (OR = 0.2, 95% CI (0.09, 0.44), p = 0.00001). Conversely, a mutation of lysine (K) to isoleucine (I) located in position six (K6I) of the envelope signal peptide was selected by chronic viruses and compared to TF (OR = 3.26, 95% CI (1.76–6.02), p = 0.0001). Conclusions: The highly conserved gp41 CT_ LLP-1 domain plays a major role in virus replication in mediating intracellular traffic and Env incorporation into virions in interacting with encoded matrix protein. The presence of an isoleucine in gp41 in the TF viruses’ envelope may sustain its role in the successful establishment of infection during the acute stage