Sinteza i antimikrobno djelovanje fuzioniranih heterocikličkih pirola

Pyrrole derivatives 1a,b were used as precursors for the preparation of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives 2a,b-7a,b. Also, the formation and structure of different pyrrolotriazolopyrimidine derivatives 8a,b-11a,b were discussed. Some of the prepared products showed potent antimicrobial activity.Pirolni derivati 1a,b upotrebljeni su kao prekursori za pripravu derivata pirolo2,3-dpirimidina 2a,b7a,b. Diskutirano je i nastajanje i struktura različitih derivata pirolotriazolopirimidina 8a,b11a,b. Neki od sintetiziranih spojeva posjeduju izraženo antimikrobno djelovanje

A Review of Hybrid Humidification and Dehumidification Desalination Systems

The escalating threat of water scarcity, coupled with the inclusion of numerous countries in the list of water-scarce nations, has elevated the issue of water availability to a paramount concern in today\u27s global landscape. Freshwater sources are becoming increasingly scarce, with their proportional decline steadily progressing. Consequently, a growing number of nations have resorted to the desalination of seawater as a viable solution. In response to this critical need, a surge of studies and research endeavors has been dedicated to the development and refinement of desalination processes. One of the most promising innovations in this field is Humidification-Dehumidification (HDH) desalination technology. This paper aims to delve into the potential of HDH desalination technology and its integration with another advanced desalination method known as a hybrid system. By combining these two distinct approaches, it becomes possible to not only enhance productivity but also address certain limitations inherent in each technology. In this paper, we provide an overview of various desalination processes, shedding light on their classifications and characteristics. Our primary focus, however, lies in exploring how HDH desalination technology can be effectively harmonized within a hybrid system to maximize efficiency and mitigate shortcomings observed in individual technologies. The integration of HDH with existing desalination methods has demonstrated notable success, as evidenced by numerous research studies in the field. This research underscores the significance of hybridization in advancing HDH sustainability practices within the desalination sector, ultimately contributing to the global effort to combat water scarcity

Superabsorbent composites based on rice husk for agricultural applications: Swelling behavior, biodegradability in soil and drought alleviation

Abstract Low-cost composites with high water absorption capacity were prepared by free radical copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM) and gelatin in aqueous media using N,N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker, potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator and rice husk (RH) as a filler. The composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of different parameters such as the alkaline treatment on the rice husk, the media pH and salinity and the composition of the composites on their water absorption capacity were investigated. The water retention and biodegradation tests in soil were also carried out. The optimized composite containing treated RH showed a maximum water uptake value of 825 g∙g−1 in distilled water and good resistance in saline solutions and in the pH range of 6–10. Positive effects on the soil water retention were obtained after 30 days samples of soil containing 1 wt% of superabsorbent composites still contained about 7% of the initial absorbed water. Growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments and nodulation traits of droughted peanut were improved by 60 kg∙ha−1 dosage of SAC. On the basis of the good results of water retention and controlled biodegradability in the soil, the developed composites have the potential to be used in agriculture for better water management, with relevant environmental benefits

Weibull-Linear Exponential Distribution and Its Applications

In this article, a new four-parameter lifetime distribution, namely, the Weibull-Linear exponential distribution is defined and studied. Several of its structural properties such as quartiles, moments, mean waiting time, mean residual lifetime, Renyi entropy, mode, and order statistics are derived. Based on the idea of the Weibull T − X family, the new density function of this model is developed. The model parameters, as well as some of the lifetime parameters (reliability and failure rate functions), are estimated using the maximum likelihood method. Asymptotic confidence intervals estimates of the model parameters are also evaluated by using the Fisher information matrix. Moreover, to construct the asymptotic confidence intervals of the reliability and failure rate functions, we need to find their variance of them, which are approximated by the delta method. A real data set is used to illustrate the application of the Weibull-Linear Exponential distribution

Effects of Preoperative Sublingual Misoprostol on Uterine Tone during Isoflurane Anesthesia for Cesarean Section

SummaryBackground and objectivesMisoprostol would reduce the uterine bleeding after cesarean delivery without harmful effects on either mother or baby. We aimed to evaluate the effects of preoperative misoprostol on maternal blood loss, uterine tone, and the need for additional oxytocin after cesarean delivery under isoflurane anesthesia.MethodsAfter ethical approval, 366 patients scheduled for elective cesarean delivery were randomly allocated to receive either sublingual misoprostol 400μg (n=179) or placebo tablet (n=187) after intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with 0.5–0.7 MAC isoflurane with nitrous oxide. All patients received intravenous infusion of 10IU of oxytocin after placental delivery. Perioperative estimated blood loss, uterine tone, need for supplementary oxytocin, hematocrit, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min and adverse effects were recorded.ResultsAfter induction, patients receiving sublingual misoprostol had significant less perioperative estimated blood loss (202±383.1 vs. 708±204.3mL, p<0.001), need for oxytocin (p<0.001), higher hematocrit levels (p<0.001) and uterine tone (p<0.02). The incidence of shivering was higher in the misoprostol group (p=0.04). There were no differences between the two groups as regarding Apgar scores, nausea and vomiting, gastrointestinal disturbances and pyrexia.ConclusionPreoperative administration of sublingual misoprostol 400μg is safe and effective in attenuating the maternal bleeding and uterine atony from isoflurane anesthesia for cesarean delivery

Deep Exclusive Electroproduction of \u3ci\u3eπ\u3c/i\u3e\u3csup\u3e0\u3c/sup\u3e at High \u3ci\u3eQ\u3c/i\u3e\u3csup\u3e2\u3c/sup\u3e in the Quark Valence Regime

We report measurements of the exclusive neutral pion electroproduction cross section off protons at large values of B (0.36, 0.48, and 0.60) and Q2 (3.1 to 8.4  GeV2) obtained from Jefferson Lab Hall A experiment E12-06-014. The corresponding structure functions dσT/dt+εdσL/dt, dσTT/dt, dσLT/dt, and dσLT′/dt are extracted as a function of the proton momentum transfer t−tmin. The results suggest the amplitude for transversely polarized virtual photons continues to dominate the cross section throughout this kinematic range. The data are well described by calculations based on transversity generalized parton distributions coupled to a helicity flip distribution amplitude of the pion, thus providing a unique way to probe the structure of the nucleon

Phytochemical characterization and utilization of dried red beetroot (Beta vulgaris) peel extract in maintaining the quality of Nile Tilapia fish fillet

Phytochemicals derived from agro-industrial waste materials could be employed as functional food additives and natural antioxidants to replace their synthetic counterparts, which are increasingly being rejected. The current study aims to assess total phenolic compound (TPC), flavonoids, betalain contents, and antiradical scavenging using DPPH and IC50% of dried red beetroot peel (DRBP) extract at different concentrations of 50, 80, 100, 150, and 200 mg/100 mL t. In addition, a characterization of phenols and flavonoids was conducted using HPLC. The second part of this study aims to utilize aqueous DRBP extract in preserving Nile Talipia fish fillet at two concentrations of 80 and 100 mg/100 mL water, compared with 200 ppm of BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and control at 5 °C for 10 days. The DRBP aqueous extract was found to have a high concentration of TPC (832 mg/100 g), flavonoids (234 mg/100 g) and betalains (535 mg/100 g) compounds, resulting in a potential antioxidant activity. The IC50% for the extract was detected at 80 mg/100 mL extract. DRBP aqueous extract showed an excellent preservative effect on the fish fillet. Fish fillet samples treated with DRBP extract at a concentration of 100 mg/100 mL were superior in reducing TBA (thiobarbituric acid) increase compared with other treatments at the end of cold storage. Overall, the study showed that red beetroot extracts can act as a natural preservative agent due to their significant antioxidant activity, providing healthy and safe food to consumers

Blockchain-based Multifactor Authentication for Future 6G Cellular Networks: A Systematic Review

There are continued advances in the internet and communication fields regarding the deployment of 5G-based applications. It is expected that by 2030, 6G applications will emerge as a continued evolution of the mobile network. Blockchain technology is one of the leading supporting technologies predicted to provide a secure and unique network to 6G-enabled devices, transactions, and applications. It is anticipated that the 6G mobile networks will be virtualized, have cloud-based systems, and aim to be the foundation for the Internet of Everything. However, along with the development of communication technologies, threats from malicious parties have become more sophisticated, making security a significant concern for the 6G era in the future. Despite enormous efforts by researchers to improve security and authentication protocols, systems still face novel intrusion and attacks. Recently, multifactor authentication techniques (MFA) have been deployed as potential solutions to attacks in blockchains. The 6G applications and the cellular network have specific vulnerabilities that need to be addressed using blockchain-based MFA technologies. The current paper is a systematic review that discusses the three technologies under consideration; then, several studies are reviewed that discuss MFA techniques in general and use blockchains as potential solutions to future security and authentication issues that may arise for 6G application

Mixed 2D-3D Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

The 3D-perovskite halides have gained a considerable reputation versus their counterpart semiconductor materials since they achieved a remarkable high-power conversion efficiency of 25.2% within a decade. Perovskite solar cells also have some problems as lattice degradation and sensitivity against moisture, oxygen, and strong irradiation. The perovskite instability is the drawback in front of this emerging technology towards mass production and commercialization. 2D-perovskites, with the general formula A2Bn − 1MnX3n + 1, have been recently introduced to overcome some of the drawbacks of the stability of 3D-perovskites; however, this is at the expense of sacrificing a part of the power conversion efficiency. Mixed 2D/3D perovskites could solve this dilemma towards the way to high stability-efficiency perovskites. The research is expected to obtain highly stable and efficient mixed 2D/3D perovskite solar cells in the few coming years. This chapter reviews 2D-perovskites’ achieved progress, highlighting their properties, current trends, challenges, and future prospects

Characteristics of mentally ill offenders from 100 psychiatric court reports

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is an increasing probability that the psychiatrist will, willingly or not, come into contact with mentally ill offenders in the course of their practice. There are increasing rates of violence, substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders that are of legal importance. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the rates of different mental disorders in 100 court reports and to investigate the characteristics of mentally ill offenders.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>All cases referred from different departments of the legal system to the forensic committee for assessment of legal accountability over 13-months duration were included. A specially designed form was prepared for data collection. Cases were classified into five groups: murder, robbery, financial offences, violent and simple offences and a group for other offences. Data were subjected to statistical analysis and comparisons between different groups of subjects were performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Men constituted 93% of cases. In all, 73% of offenders were younger than 40 years old. Schizophrenia cases made up 13% of the total, substance related cases constituted 56% and amphetamine cases alone made up 21%; 10% of cases were antisocial personality disorders, and 51% of cases were classified as having a low education level. Unemployment was found in 34% of cases. The final decision of the forensic committee was full responsibility in 46% of cases and partial responsibility in 11% of cases, with 33% considered non-responsible. A total of 58% of cases had had contact with psychiatric healthcare prior to the offence and in 9% of cases contact had been in the previous 12 weeks. A history of similar offences was found in 32% of cases. In all, 14% of the offences were murders, 8% were sexual crimes, and 31% were violent/simple crimes.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The ability of the legal system to detect cases was good, while the ability of the healthcare system to predict crimes and offences was weak, as 58% of cases had had previous contact with the healthcare system previously. Substance abuse, especially amphetamine abuse, played an important role.</p