Unresolved Questions in the Bill of Rights of the New Iraqi Constitution: How Will the Clash Between Human Rights and Islamic Law Be Reconciled in Future Legislative Enactments and Judicial Interpretations?

This Article endeavors to answer the question, are the provisions on “human rights” and “Islamic Law” in the new Iraqi constitution compatible? The new Iraqi Constitution recognizes the concept of “human rights” in accordance with Iraq\u27s international obligations, establishes an independent “Supreme Commission for Human Rights,” limits the work of governmental intelligence agencies in accordance with human rights, and prohibits tribal customs that contradict human rights. At the same time, the Constitution makes some references to Islamic Shari\u27ah: it establishes Islam as the official religion of the State, recognizes Islam as a source of legislation, recognizes Iraq as a part of the Muslim world, guarantees the Islamic identity of its majority, allows Iraqis to choose their personal status law according to Islamic Law, and requires that the Federal Supreme Court contain jurists of Islamic Law. This Article endeavours to answer the question by briefly examining the various provisions of the Iraqi Constitution that cover the rights of the Iraqi people

Human Rights Legislation in the Arab World: The Case of Human Trafficking

In the Arab World, human rights legislation has not always enhanced human rights. In fact, many national laws have been adopted that restrict human rights. Some countries\u27 laws regulating nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) do not allow NGOs to receive funding from foreign entities. Media laws impose various limitations on the press. Jordan is the only Arab nation to enforce a comprehensive law on combating violence against women. Jordan is also the only country that has a law on access to information. Despite these gaps in human rights legislation, many Arab countries have passed comprehensive laws to combat human trafficking since the passage of the U.N. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (U.N. Protocol) ten years ago. These laws were adopted in compliance with the legislative mandate of the U.N. Protocol, which itself was ratified by most Arab countries. These laws were also drafted to comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking in persons as articulated in the U.S. Trafficking Victims Protection Act, which requires the U.S. State Department to assess efforts made by foreign governments to combat trafficking in persons. Although states, by passing comprehensive laws, are implementing the U.N. Protocol\u27s legislative mandate, in my judgment, the U.S. assessment has also played a significant role in the antitrafficking legislative movement in the Arab World

مدونة لسلوك السائحين الذين سوف يزورون قطر للاحتفال بكأس العالم 2022

This Code of Conduct for Tourist who are visiting Qatar for the World Cup 2022 covers the fundamental rights and duties that must be observed and implemented such as the right to movement, travel and safety and obtaining the different services relevant to the World Cup matches of 2022. In drafting the Code of Conduct references have been made to a number of prohibitions that the tourist must avoid such as sexual exploitation, human trafficking, sex tourism and sexual harassment. In addition to the prohibition against alcohol consumption or other illegal substances as well as gambling and the infringement of intellectual property rights. The drafting of the Code of Conduct is mainly based on three elements, the first is the statement of the rule of law that governs the relevant relationship, the second is a commentary to interpret and explain such rule of law and the third is various references to the sources that was relied on in stating the rule of law.تتناول مدونةُ سلوك السائحين الذين سوف يزورون قطر للاحتفال بكأس العالم 2022 الحقوقَ والواجبات الأساسية التي يتعين مراعاتها وإعمالها، ومن ذلك: حق السائح في التنقل، والسفر، والسلامة، والحصول على الخدمات المختلفة المرتبطة بمباريات كأس العالم 2022. وفي صياغة مدونة السلوك روعي الإشارة إلى المحظورات التي يتعين على السائح تجنبها؛ ومن ذلك: الاستغلال الجنسي والإتجار بالبشر، والسياحة الجنسية، والتحرش الجنسي. ومن ذلك أيضًا؛ استهلاك الكحوليات والمواد الأخرى الممنوعة، والمقامرة، والاستخدام غير المشروع لحقوق الملكية الفكرية. وتقوم صياغة مدونة السلوك هذه على ثلاثية؛ أولها: وضع القاعدة القانونية التي تحكم العلاقة المعروضة، وثانيها: تفسير هذه القاعدة والتعليق على أهم مضامينها. وثالثها: إشارات متنوعة للمصادر التي اعتمدت عليها القاعدة القانونية

Comparative Models of Reporting Mechanisms on the Status of Trafficking in Human Beings

A comprehensive approach to combating trafficking in human beings requires precise knowledge of the scope of the problem and constant evaluation of government responses. Reporting on the status of human trafficking achieves both goals. This Article is designed to examine the various human trafficking reporting mechanisms, including reports that states are required to submit to the United Nations as well as national reports whereby governments engage in a process of self-assessment. Comparative models from Europe and the United States will be examined. The Article analyzes reports released by interministerial task forces as well as congressional hearings held on progress made and future steps that must be taken. This Article advocates establishing an independent and competent national rapporteur or a similar mechanism to assess government actions to combat the problem and recommend changes that should be implemented to reform existing frameworks. While reporting is an essential element of monitoring the status of human trafficking, it has not received adequate attention. This Article attempts to provide the first comprehensive study on the issue

Impact of Administrative Empowerment on Organizational Commitment (Field Study in Secondary Governmental Schools in Kingdom of Bahrain)

The study aims at exploring the impact of administrative empowerment on organizational commitment in secondary governmental schools in Kingdom of Bahrain, and recognizing the actual administrative empowerment in secondary governmental schools in Bahrain as well as the actual organizational commitment in the educational and administrative authority of secondary governmental schools’ teacher in Kingdom of Bahrain. The research has based on the descriptive analytical approach using questionnaire to stand on the opinion of educational and administrative panel in secondary governmental schools in Al Ganwbia and Al Mahraq provinces , representing 100% of the research sample. The total number was 108 educators from both educational and administrative panels, distributed on thirteen managers, thirty assistant managers and sixty five senior teachers. The research results indicated that there is  static relation between administrative empowerment and organizational commitment in secondary governmental schools in Kingdom of Bahrain. Besides, the results showed that there are no static differences in administrative empowerment in secondary governmental schools in  Bahrain due to demographic variables such as (sex, age and qualification). However, there are static differences in administrative empowerment in secondary governmental schools in  Bahrain due to the variables of (experience and job title). Moreover, there are no static differences in organizational commitment in secondary governmental schools in  Bahrain due to demographic variables such as (sex, age, and qualification), while there are static differences in organizational commitment in secondary governmental schools in  Bahrain due to (experience and job title)variables. Keywords: Administrative empowerment – organizational commitmen

Unsupervised Joint Alignment, Clustering and Feature Learning

Joint alignment is the process of transforming instances in a data set to make them more similar based on a pre-defined measure of joint similarity. This process has great utility and applicability in many scientific disciplines including radiology, psychology, linguistics, vision, and biology. Most alignment algorithms suffer from two shortcomings. First, they typically fail when presented with complex data sets arising from multiple modalities such as a data set of normal and abnormal heart signals. Second, they require hand-picking appropriate feature representations for each data set, which may be time-consuming and ineffective, or outside the domain of expertise for practitioners. In this thesis we introduce alignment models that address both shortcomings. In the first part, we present an efficient curve alignment algorithm derived from the congealing framework that is effective on many synthetic and real data sets. We show that using the byproducts of joint alignment, the aligned data and transformation parameters, can dramatically improve classification performance. In the second part, we incorporate unsupervised feature learning based on convolutional restricted Boltzmann machines to learn a representation that is tuned to the statistics of the data set. We show how these features can be used to improve both the alignment quality and classification performance. In the third part, we present a nonparametric Bayesian joint alignment and clustering model which handles data sets arising from multiple modes. We apply this model to synthetic, curve and image data sets and show that by simultaneously aligning and clustering, it can perform significantly better than performing these operations sequentially. It also has the added advantage that it easily lends itself to semi-supervised, online, and distributed implementations. Overall this thesis takes steps towards developing an unsupervised data processing pipeline that includes alignment, clustering and feature learning. While clustering and feature learning serve as auxiliary information to improve alignment, they are important byproducts. Furthermore, we present a software implementation of all the models described in this thesis. This will enable practitioners from different scientific disciplines to utilize our work, as well as encourage contributions and extensions, and promote reproducible research

Clinical outcome and prognostic factors for central neurocytoma, a study of 14 cases

Background: Since they’re rare, the intraventricular neoplasms “central neurocytoma” best management got diverse, and mystifying.Aim of the work: to assess outcome for patients with central neurocytoma and value of specific factors like tumor size, surgical resection extent, atypia, and concomitant other modality of treatments by radiotherapy in their survival.Patients & methods: 14 patients (8 males, 6 females) were managed surgically between 2012 and 2016. They were assessed clinically, radiologically and their outcome in relation to selected factors.Results: Median age at diagnosis was 28.3 years in average (range 16–58). Median follow-up was 32.2 months.we lost 2 cases to follow-up in post-operative period. Six patients had recurrent of neurocytoma tumours.Five patients (35.7 %) obtained gross total resections (GTR) while 9 patients (64.2 %) had subtotal resections (STR). Two STR patients (14.2 %) received dose of radiation post operatively that significantly enhanced overall PFS (p =0.047). our series data propose that radiation therapy following (STR) usually increase (PFS). Two patients proved to have atypical neurocytoma by pathological reports died at 2.3 and 10.2 months after the microsurgical procedures. MIB-1 tagging index higher than 4 % is an indicator for poor outcome. We used Kaplan–Meier beside Cox proportional hazards methods in determining the Progression-free survival (PFS) in our study.Conclusion: the extent of surgical resection may improve the neurological condition but not the survival, Atypia was the most important factor determine the recurrence & survival while radiotherapy improve the survival quietly

Artemisia absinthium L.-Importance in the history of medicine, the latest advances in phytochemistry and therapeutical, cosmetological and culinary uses

Artemisia absinthium—wormwood (Asteraceae)—is a very important species in the history of medicine, formerly described in medieval Europe as “the most important master against all exhaustions”. It is a species known as a medicinal plant in Europe and also in West Asia and North America. The raw material obtained from this species is Absinthii herba and Artemisiae absinthii aetheroleum. The main substances responsible for the biological activity of the herb are: the essential oil, bitter sesquiterpenoid lactones, flavonoids, other bitterness-imparting compounds, azulenes, phenolic acids, tannins and lignans. In the official European medicine, the species is used in both allopathy and homeopathy. In the traditional Asian and European medicine, it has been used as an effective agent in gastrointestinal ailments and also in the treatment of helminthiasis, anaemia, insomnia, bladder diseases, difficult-to-heal wounds, and fever. Today, numerous other directions of biological activity of the components of this species have been demonstrated and confirmed by scientific research, such as antiprotozoal, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, cytotoxic, analgesic, neuroprotective, anti-depressant, procognitive, neurotrophic, and cell membrane stabilizing and antioxidant activities. A. absinthium is also making a successful career as a cosmetic plant. In addition, the importance of this species as a spice plant and valuable additive in the alcohol industry (famous absinthe and vermouth-type wines) has not decreased. The species has also become an object of biotechnological research

Polyphenol profile and pharmaceutical potential of Quercus spp. bark extracts

Targeted profiling of polyphenols in trees may reveal valuable sources of natural compounds with major applications in pharmacology and disease control. The current study targeted the profiling of polyphenols using HPLC-DAD in Quercus robur, Q. macrocarpa and Q. acutissima bark extracts. Free radical scavenging of each extract was investigated using antioxidant assays. Antimicrobial activities against a wide spectrum of bacteria and fungi were explored, as well as anticancer activities against di erent cancer cell lines. The HPLC-DAD analyses revealed the availability of several polyphenols in high amounts, including ellagic acid (in Q. robur) and caffeic acid (in Q. macrocarpa) in all three species. The bioactivity assay revealed high antioxidant activity in Q. robur compared to that of the other species, as well as phenolic standards. The three oak bark extracts showed clear antibacterial activities against most bacteria tested, with the highest antibacterial activities in the extracts of Q. robur. In addition, the three extracts showed higher antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus flavus, and Escherichia coli compared to that of other bacteria. There were strong antifungal activities against some fungi, such as Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium funiculosum, and Penicillium ochrochloron. There were also noticeable anticancer activities against MCF-7, HeLa, Jurkat, and HT-29 cell lines, with the highest anticancer activity in the extracts of Q. robur. This is the first study that reveals not only novel sources of important polyphenols (e.g., ellagic acid) in Q. robur, Q. macrocarpa and Q. acutissima bark but also their anticancer activities against diverse cancer cell lines