Designing Air Intake System for Engine Performance and Efficiency Optimisation

This study is aimed to study the feasibility of using fish scale as the adsorbent to remove heavy metal from its aqueous solution. The adsorption nature of three types of metals namely Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni) and Lead (Pb) on fish scale are studied independently, in a binary metal environment, where another competitive metal is also present during the adsorption process and finally in a continuous adsorption process

Cross Sectional Study: A Five Year Review Of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease In Kuantan General Hospital (Jan 1995 - Dec 1999)

To study the epidemiology, features, treatment of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD) and regression of serum BheG in Hydatidiform mole. To identify factors that predict the risk of developing Gestational Trophoblastic Tumour (GTT) from Hydatidiform mole and to compare the outcome of treatment between Gestational Trophoblastic Tumour (GTT) from known antecedent pregnancy (Hydatidiform mole) and unknown antecedent pregnancy

Parametric and Semiparametric Competing Risks Models for Statistical Process Control with Reliability Analysis

The work in this thesis is concerned with the development of techniques for the assessment of statistical process control in data that include censored observations. Various regression models with censored data are presented and we concentrate on four competing risks models namely, two parametric Cox’s model that is, Cox’s with Weibull distribution, Cox’s with exponential distribution and two semiparametric Cox’s model with subdistribution function that is, the weighted score function (W) and censoring complete (CC). The Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is utilized to obtain the estimate of the parameters in the models. A generated data where the failure times are taken as exponentially distributed are used to further compare these two parametric models. From the simulation study for this particular case, we can conclude that Weibull distribution describes well the nature of the model concerned as compared to the exponential distribution in terms of the mean value of parameter estimates, bias, and the root means square error. Plots of survival distribution function against failure time are used to examine the predicted survival patterns for the two types of failures. In this thesis we develop a modified Fine and Gray methods to increase the sensitivity of the models and these methods are tested and compared. A simulation data using subdistribution function for the two types of failure are carried out to compare the performance of the modified model. The results of the study indicate the models show better result compared to Fine and Gray models. However, the weighted score function (W) shows better result compared to the censored complete data (CC). Residual-based approaches are used to assess the validity of the two models (MW, CC) assumptions. Plots of this residual against failure time are used to investigate whether important explanatory variables have been omitted from the model. The study also carries out an investigation of the causes of failure for statistical process control. The x chart, R chart and Cp, and Cpk are examined for the possibility of being used to detect the state of control of the covariates in the two competing risks models (Cox’s with Weibull distribution (PHW2) and modification of weighted score function (MW)). The result of this study indicates that both models are successful in investigating the causes of failure for statistical process control. However, the results from the real data sets which involves the measurement of stress against three covariates (aluminum, wood and plastic) showed that the tubes wrapped on plastic mandrel have excellent crashworthiness performance with respect to the x chart, R chart, Cp, and Cpk

Transitiviti dalam bahasa Mendriq

Malaysia kaya dengan 19 bahasa Moribun yang dituturkan oleh kaum minoriti di Malaysia yang dikenali sebagai Orang Asli. Salah satu daripada bahasa Moribun yang diambang kepupusan ialah bahasa Mendriq. Bahasa Mendriq merupakan bahasa yang digunakan oleh kaum orang asli Mendriq di Kuala Lah, Gua Musang, Kelantan. Bahasa ini dituturkan oleh 245 orang di sekitar tiga buah kampung, iaitu di kampung Kuala Lah, kampung Baru dan kampung Kuala Stail.Kertas kerja ini akan menganalisis frasa kerja transitif dan tak transitif dalam bahasa Mendriq. Data primari bahasa Mendriq diperoleh melalui kajian lapangan yang telah dibiayai oleh dana penyelidikan UKM-GUP-PLW-08-11-047. Data yang dikutip untuk kajian ini melibatkan metodologi lapangan yang menggunakan teknik temu bual. Kerencaman data yang dikutip melalui kerja lapangan telah dibersihkan dan diasingkan dengan bantuan seorang penutur natif Mendriq yang bertindak sebagai penterjemah. Analisis ke atas frasa kerja melibatkan analisis deskriptif dan analisis teoritikal. Analisis deskriptif ke atas ayat mudah mendapati bahawa bahasa Mendriq mempunyai dua jenis frasa kerja, iaitu frasa kerja transitif dan tak transitif. Kata kerja transitif menandakan dua argumen, iaitu argumen dalam dan argumen luaran. Kata kerja tak transitif pula dibahagikan kepada dua, iaitu kata kerja tak akusatif dan kata kerja tak ergatif. Kata kerja tak transitif yang menandakan argumen luaran dikenali sebagai kata kerja tak ergatif, manakala kata kerja tak transitif yang hanya menandakan argumen dalaman dikenali sebagai kata kerja tak akusatif. Manakala analisis teoritikal menggunakan kerangka Minimalist menunjukkan bahawa pemyemakan fitur berlaku di sebelah kiri struktur sintaksis ayat mudah bahasa Mendriq

The Study on the Effects of Cable Capacitance on the Behaviour of Triplen Harmonics Produced By Synchronous Generator

the heavy usage of electronics equipment today has increased the amount of harmonics !lowing in power system. This can lead to power quality problems. Harmonic by definition is ~ component of a periodic wave having a frequency that is an integral multiple of the fundamental power line frequency. Harmonics get more complicated in three phase ~pplication. In three phase application, we have to deal not only with phase conductors, but also the neutral conductor, triplen harmonics and sequence harmonics. Triplen harmonics are the odd multiple of third harmonics (3'd, 9th, 15th, etc.). Trip len harmonics currents are the major cause of heat because they add together in neutral conductor. The magnitude of triplen harmonics currents can approach twice of the phase currents. Neutral conductors were designed with the ampacity as the phase conductors and when triplen harmonics currents add at the neutral, it causes them to overheat. The effect of this has been known from previous published journals. In this project, the author wants to find whether cable capacitance will have the same effect as neutral conductor. Any two conductors separated by a distance can store a charge. So any two wires in a cable can store a charge. This is what we called cable capacitance. In the experiment, capacitor will be introduced at each phase wire (red phase, yellow phase and blue phase) to act as cable capacitance. The triplen harmonics currents will be measured at capacitor to see whether capacitor affect how triplen harmonics currents produced by single generator behave in a power system. After the data have been gathered, it will be used to model the circuit in PSCAD. The purpose of this is to find the right source to be used in PSCAD simulation. The author hope by the end of this project, the findings will help the industry to reduce or suppressed the amount of harmonics and also detect the harmonics present in the power system by using simulation

Design, Fabrication And Characterization Of Rf Front-End 5g Wireless System

The unexpected increase of cellular data growth has created absolute challenges for the mobile network service providers in order to counter with a worldwide wireless bandwidth shortage. The difficulty of mobile wireless bandwidth size shortage has attracted the interest towards the exploration of the underutilized millimetre-wave frequency spectrum for the future broadband mobile technologies. A wireless RF transceiver system operating at the millimetre wave (mm-Wave) frequency of 28 GHz for the 5G cellular network application is designed and fabricated. A series of RF front-end transceiver system consists of the RF transmitter and RF receiver. This RF front-end system provides a wide transmission bandwidth of 1000 MHz. The RF transceiver prototype is built using off-the-shelf components from the Avago Technologies and Hittite Microwave except for the 1 GHz and 28 GHz bandpass filters. The superheterodyne transmitter and superheterodyne receiver architectural designs are used to develop this RF front-end system design. There are two types of bandpass filter are designed in this project; lumped elements for low frequency at 1 GHz and Dielectric Resonator Filter (DRF) for mm-Wave frequency at 28 GHz. The lumped elements bandpass filter is designed at the centre frequency of 1 GHz with the transmission bandwidth of 1000 MHz. The 28 GHz bandpass filter is designed by using a combination of microstrip parallel-coupled filter and the dielectric resonators (DRs) made of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO). The use of a dielectric resonator for the microwave circuit design directly can help to improve the performance of the circuit in terms of Q-factor and bandwidth size. The dielectric resonator bandpass filter produces a transmission bandwidth of 1000 MHz operating at the centre frequency of 28 GHz. The overall simulation design of the RF transceiver is carried out using Advanced Design System (ADS). Computer Simulation Technology (CST) is used to design the 28 GHz bandpass filter using dielectric resonators. The verification of design is accomplished through the RF transmitter and RF receiver hardware testing. The RF transmitter system works to up-convert an input IF signal at 1 GHz to an output RF signal at 28 GHz, while the RF receiver used to down-convert an input RF signal at 28 GHz to an output IF signal at 1 GHz. Based on the experimental results for the 28 GHz RF transceiver, the highest and lowest amount of IF signal output power are recorded at -13.12 dBm via 10 dB attenuator and -45.77 dBm via 50 dB attenuator when the IF signal input power is set at -20 dBm. The linearity of the IF signal output power is obtained around 80% when the 1 GHz IF signal is set at -20 dBm input power. The overall project of the 28 GHz RF front-end for the cellular network application is successfully designed and developed

Students\u27 participation in private tutoring activities in Egypt in Egyptian lower primary schools: A qualitative investigation

This research investigates the phenomenon of private tutoring in the lower primary stage in public schools in Egypt by examining the views and experiences of teachers and parents. The phenomenological qualitative approach is used in this study to present a rich and vivid portrait of the phenomenon that may contribute to a better understanding of its nature. The analysis depends on semi-structured interviews to serve the methodological essence of the qualitative approach. The outcomes of the research uncovered a rich perception of how the phenomenon of private tutoring at this early age occurs. The participants were 15 teachers and 20 parents in three different primary schools in Cairo. The teachers teach Arabic, Math, and English to grades 1, 2, and 3. They were different in gender and age. The parents were 18 females and 2 males, most of them were in their thirties of age. Findings revealed that parents realized the serious defect in the public schooling system in Egypt which made them lose trust in its significance and used private tutoring as an alternative. The main drive for being involved in this phenomenon was that they believe Education is a public good and the main path for their children to have a better future. Parents pay money for private tutors seeking foundation for their children. They think that if their children have competence in the basic language and numerical literacy at this early age, they would go through the next educational phases more smoothly. Teachers revealed their own reasons for being involved in the phenomenon. The financial factor appears to be the only drive. Private tutoring is the only way for fulfilling their financial needs as they are severely underpaid and the gap between their salaries and needs is huge. They sometimes expressed it plainly saying, we need money, other times they mixed it with anger and agony. There is a prevailing sense of despair and mistrust among public school teachers on increasing their salaries. They feel negligence, marginalization, and a lack of a serious intention to improve their financial status. Teachers see that they should be the Ministry of Education\u27s priority to reform education in Egypt. They claim that the huge sums of money spent on developing new curriculums, assessment tools, and professional development programs are of no use as long as their salaries remain the same and their voices are unheard. Keywords: Private tutoring, education in Egypt, education reform in Egypt, foundation, financial drive, social justice

Surfaces functionality of precision machined components: Modelling, simulation, optimization and control

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University, 23/07/2008.This research develops an analytical scientific approach for investigating the high precision surface generation and the quantitative analysis of the effects of direct factors in precision machining. The research focuses on 3D surface characterization with particular reference to the turning process and associated surface generation. The most important issue for this research is surface functionality which is becoming important in the current engineering industry. The surface functionality should match with the characterization parameters of the machined surface, which can be expressed in formula form as proposed in chapter 4. Modelling and simulation are extensively used in the research. The modelling approach integrates the cutting forces model, thermal mode% vibration model, tool wear model, machining system response model and surface topography model. All of those models are integrated as a whole model. The physical model with such as direct inputs is formed. The major inputs to the model are tooling geometry and the process variables. The outputs from the modelling approach are cutting force, surface texture parameters, dimensional errors, residual stress and material removal rate. MATLAB and Simulink are used as tools to implement the modelling and simulation. According to the simulation results, it is found that the feed rate has the most profound effect on in surface generation. The influence of the vibrations between the cutting tool and the workpiece on the surface roughness may be minimised by the small feed rate and large tool nose radius. Surface functionality simulation has been developed to model and simulate the surface generation in precision turning. The surface functionality simulation model covers the material and tool wear as well. It shows that chip formation is resulted from cutting forces. Cutting trials are conducted to validate the modelling and simulation developed. There are positive results that show the agreement between the simulation and experimental results. The analysis of the results of turning trials and simulations are conducted in order to find out the effects of process variables and tooling characteristics on surface texture and topography and machining instability. From the research, it can be concluded that the investigation on modelling and simulation of precision surfaces generation in precision turning is performed well against the research objectives as proposed. Recommendations for future work are to improve the model parameters identification, including comprehensive tool wear, chip formation and using Neural Networks modelling in the engineering surface construction system.Universiti Teknologi Tun Hussien Orin (UTHM

Designing Air Intake System for Engine Performance and Efficiency Optimisation

This study is aimed to study the feasibility of using fish scale as the adsorbent to remove heavy metal from its aqueous solution. The adsorption nature of three types of metals namely Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni) and Lead (Pb) on fish scale are studied independently, in a binary metal environment, where another competitive metal is also present during the adsorption process and finally in a continuous adsorption process

Internationalisation of curriculum delivery: complexities of english as an instructional language in a non-english culture

English language is the main lingua-franca in higher education worldwide. For that reason, higher education institutions in Malaysia including the Malaysian Technical and Vocational University (MTVU, a pseudonym) have been promoting English as the language of instruction. With the existence of international students and voluminous English academic resources, implementing English as the language of instruction is a significant commitment. International students, as well as academic staff in MTVU however, come from various non-western cultures where English is not their native language. This paper focuses on an issue related to the use of English language amongst these groups in learning and teaching processes. Jin’s (1992) theories underlying Cultural Synergy model was used as the underpinning theories of the study. Data collected were from focus group and semi–structured in-depth interviews which were conducted with eleven international students and nine academic staff in MTVU. Through interpretive thematic analysis, findings highlighted that limited English proficiency is not only an issue solely for international students, but also for academic staff. This paper reveals this unique and complex issue from the perspectives of both students and staff. The paper then further discusses the consequences of these complexities for the learning and teaching environment