GARANTIR O DIREITO DAS CRIANÇAS À EDUCAÇÃO: EQUILÍBRIO ENTRE RESPONSABILIDADE LEGAL E A ARBITRARIEDADE DA AUTORIDADE PARENTAL

In Saudi Arabia, the right to education for children is considered of utmost importance through the official education system, which provides a legal framework to protect them. This system mandates the provision of basic education for all children without any discrimination. and it is essential for parents to actively participate in this field by cooperating with educational authorities and providing a supportive environment for children's learning. Despite these legal guarantees, there remain challenges related to effectively implementing these policies, and there may be instances of arbitrariness or negligence in providing education by parents. Therefore, establishing effective mechanisms for monitoring implementation and holding responsible parties accountable is necessary. Additionally, emphasis is placed on raising awareness about children's rights and the importance of obtaining a good education within society. Consequently, ensuring this right requires integrated efforts between the government and civil society to improve the quality of education and its provision.  Na Arábia Saudita, o direito à educação das crianças é considerado da maior importância através do sistema de ensino oficial, que proporciona um quadro jurídico para as proteger. Este sistema obriga à oferta de ensino básico a todas as crianças sem qualquer discriminação e é essencial que os pais participem ativamente neste domínio, cooperando com as autoridades educativas e proporcionando um ambiente favorável à aprendizagem das crianças. Apesar destas garantias legais, continuam a existir desafios relacionados com a aplicação efectiva destas políticas, podendo haver casos de arbitrariedade ou negligência na prestação de educação por parte dos pais. Por conseguinte, é necessário estabelecer mecanismos eficazes de controlo da aplicação e de responsabilização dos responsáveis. Além disso, a tónica é colocada na sensibilização para os direitos das crianças e para a importância de obter uma boa educação na sociedade. Consequentemente, a garantia deste direito exige esforços integrados entre o governo e a sociedade civil para melhorar a qualidade do ensino e a sua oferta

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Different Intracanal Medicaments Used in Regenerative Endodontics Against a Mature Multi-Species Biofilm Model (An Ex-Vivo Study)

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of different antimicrobial agents, including Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, Clindamycin, Metronidazole, Amoxicillin and Clavulanate, Triple antibiotic paste (TAP) and Calcium hydroxide (CH), as intra-canal medications for regenerative endodontics against an aged, multispecies ex-vivo biofilm model. Methodology: A total of one hundred fifty single-rooted human teeth were used in this study. Fifteen teeth were used to monitor the formation and maturation of a multispecies biofilm model consisting of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans. After 21 days of incubation, the other one-hundred and thirty-five teeth were divided into 9 equal groups; 7 experimental groups were medicated for one week with either Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, Clindamycin, Metronidazole, Amoxicillin and Clavulanate, Triple antibiotic paste (TAP) or Calcium hydroxide (CH), a positive control group was infected and not medicated, while the negative control group was neither infected nor medicated. After medication removal, bacterial samples were collected in sterile tubes to assess the colony forming unit (CFU) counts, and the effect of the tested drugs on biofilm dissolution was assessed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The scoring was carried out by three blinded calibrated examiners. Results: The most effective medications were Metronidazole and TAP, with no significant difference between them (p≥0.05), followed by Clindamycin and Ciprofloxacin, with no significant difference between them (p≥0.05), and the least effective were Calcium hydroxide, Doxycycline and Augmentin, with no significant differences between them (p≥0.05). SEM results showed that there was a significant difference between different groups. Metronidazole, TAP, Clindamycin and Ciprofloxacin recorded the lowest scores, followed by CH, Doxycycline and Augmentin. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that metronidazole and TAP showed better antimicrobial efficacy than other drugs against the studied biofilm model. The multispecies biofilm model is a better indicator of the nature of complex root canal infections than mono-species models

Trace Element’s Role in Male Infertility; Review Article

Background: Trace elements are the basic components of biological enzyme system or the structural components of very low concentration bioactive components. There are a number of trace elements in foods, such as iron, iodine, fluorine, copper and zinc, as well as chromium and cobalt. Other trace elements include tin and vanadium. Nickel and silicon are two examples of metals. Some of the trace elements are toxic to reproductive health at high doses. Trace amounts of these substances are rarely used for various physiological functions of the body. Many metal ions (copper, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lithium vanadium, lead, and mercury) have many adverse effects on reproduction and development, fertility of men and women, abortion, and deformity. Exposure timing and duration, metal ions' distribution and accumulation in various organs, and interference with specific developmental processes; all have an impact on the consequences of metal ions. Objective: To assess the trace element’s role in male infertility especially the role of zinc. Conclusion: Trace elements are very important for the sperm production and quality and could affect the male fertility by one way or another

The effect of biventricular pacing on cardiac function after open heart surgery

Background: Temporary postoperative pacing could enhance recovery of the cardiac function. The right ventricular pacing (RV) is commonly used, but it can cause dyssynchronous contraction of both ventricles. Biventricular pacing (BV) could improve the systolic function by synchronizing the ventricular contraction. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of biventricular pacing in improving the hemodynamics in the early postoperative period compared to other pacing modes. Methods: This is a clinical crossover trial including 50 patients who underwent open cardiac surgery in the period from September 2017 to September 2018. Mean age was 46.78± 12.09 years, and 50% were males. Temporary pacing leads were attached to the anterior wall of the right ventricle 1-2 cm paraseptally and the lateral wall of left ventricle 1-2 cm paraseptally. Each patient was paced for 3 minutes in the first 1-4 postoperative hours with 20 minutes washout period between different pacing modes. Study endpoints included cardiac output, ejection fraction (EF) and wall motion abnormality. Results: Biventricular and right ventricular pacing increased postoperative cardiac output (6.31± 1.28 and 5.2±0.72 L/min; respectively), but BV pacing was superior to RV pacing (P-value <0.001). The effect of BV pacing was more evident in patients with EF < 50% (7.27± 0.895 vs. 5.26 ± 0.634 L/min; p< 0.001). The postoperative EF improved during BV pacing (53.16± 4.71%) compared to RV pacing (49.4± 4.07%; P-value <0.001). Both BV and RV pacing were associated with less paradoxical septal wall motion abnormality (P-value <0.001). Conclusions: Temporary postoperative biventricular pacing improves hemodynamics compared to right ventricular and no pacing. Routine BV pacing is recommended especially in patients with low ejection fraction

衛星受信機のための動的部分再構成型復調器の設計と実装

九州工業大学博士学位論文（要旨）学位記番号：工博甲第461号 学位授与年月日：平成30年9月21

Effect of intraoperative wound irrigation with topical phenytoin on postoperative seroma formation after modified radical mastectomy

Background: Modified radical mastectomy (MRM), as a surgical treatment in breast cancer patients, may lead to important complications with significant morbidities including seroma formation. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of wound irrigation with topical phenytoin on postoperative seroma formation after modified radical mastectomy.Patients and methods: This is a double-blinded randomized clinical trial study, which was carried out in Zagazig University Hospital during a period of 6 months. It included 60 patients who were candidates for modified radical mastectomy (MRM). All patients were subjected to demographic data taking, clinical and chemical examination, clinical evaluation, radiological evaluation, Lab. Investigations.Results: Average daily breast drainage (in milliliters) of drains according to their location and day of evaluation: Group A (Phenytoin) in day 5 drained a mean of 24.62 with SD of 32.79, in day 7 mean of drainage was 28.89 and SD was 18.33, in days 8 to 10 mean of drainage was 32 and SD was 10.95, and in days 11 to 13 mean of drainage was 15 and SD was 7.07. Group B (Control): day 5 group drained a mean of 35.88 with SD of 12.93, in day 7 mean of drainage was 28.18 and SD was 12.68, in days 8 to 10 mean of drainage was 21.43 and SD was 11.07, in days 11 to 13 only one patient in control group had breast drain after 11th postoperative day drainage was 50 and in days 14 to 16 drainage was 20. Conclusion: Topical irrigation of the surgery site with phenytoin was effective in reducing axillary surgical wound drainage

Isolation and biochemical characterization of a novel antimicrobial agent produced by Streptomyces violaceusniger isolated from Yemeni soil

Background: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria present daily challenges to infectious disease physicians in hospitals throughout the world and these pathogens are spreading into the community. The development of new antibacterial agents to combat worsening antibiotic resistance is still a priority area in anti-infective research.Methods: The experiments were carried out to search for new natural antibiotics through isolation of various Streptomyces strains from different soil samples from Yemen and studying the antimicrobial effects of metabolites that produced. In the same time, the toxicological and biochemical effects of the extracted antibiotic on animals were studied.Results: Streptomyces violaceusniger, was isolated from Yemeni soil sample produced active metabolite that was designated faqihmycin has substantial antimicrobial potential against different microbial species. Investigations into the possible mode of action of faqihmycin revealed that it affects cell wall synthesis and intracellular macromolecule contents of the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis. Toxicity studies of faqihmycin confirmed the hepatotoxicity of faqihmycin, there is no strong evidence to suggest that it is nephrotoxic.Conclusions: Further studies with Faqihmycin are needed in order to elucidate its detailed mechanism of action on bacterial cells, as well as studies with Faqihmycin with different doses in order to determine its potential therapeutic use.

衛星受信機のための動的部分再構成型復調器の設計と実装

九州工業大学博士学位論文 学位記番号：工博甲第461号 学位授与年月日：平成30年9月21日1: Introduction|2: Background and Literature Review|3: Dynamic Partial Reconfigurable Demodulation System – Classification|4: DPRDS – DPR|5: ICAP Multiple Access by DPRDS and SEU Mitigation Systems|6: Conclusion and Future Perspective九州工業大学平成30年

Fault tolerant radiation monitoring system using wireless sensor and actor network in a nuclear facility

In nuclear facilities, the reading of the sensors is very important in the assessments of the system state. The existence of an abnormal state could be caused by a failure in the sensor itself instead of a failure in the system. So, being unable to identify the main cause of the “abnormal state” and take proper actions may end in unnecessary shutdown for the nuclear facility that may have expensive economic consequences. That is why, it is extremely important for a supervision and control system to identify the case where the failure in the sensor is the main cause for the existence of an abnormal state. In this paper, a system based on a wireless sensor network is proposed to monitor the radiation levels around and inside a nuclear facility. A new approach for validating the sensor readings is proposed and investigated using the Castalia simulator

Path tracking control of differential drive mobile robot based on chaotic-billiards optimization algorithm

Mobile robots are typically depending only on robot kinematics control. However, when high-speed motions and highly loaded transfer are considered, it is necessary to analyze dynamics of the robot to limit tracking error. The goal of this paper is to present a new algorithm, chaotic-billiards optimizer (C-BO) to optimize internal controller parameters of a differential-drive mobile robot (DDMR)-based dynamic model. The C-BO algorithm is notable for its ease of implementation, minimal number of design parameters, high convergence speed, and low computing burden. In addition, a comparison between the performance of C-BO and ant colony optimization (ACO) to determine the optimum controller coefficient that provides superior performance and convergence of the path tracking. The ISE criterion is selected as a fitness function in a simulation-based optimization strategy. For the point of accuracy, the velocity-based dynamic compensation controller was successfully integrated with the motion controller proposed in this study for the robot's kinematics. Control structure of the model was tested using MATLAB/Simulink. The results demonstrate that the suggested C-BO, with steady state error performance of 0.6 percent compared to ACO's 0.8 percent, is the optimum alternative for parameter optimizing the controller for precise path tracking. Also, it offers advantages of quick response, high tracking precision, and outstanding anti-interference capability