Study of Warm Electron Injection in Double Gate SONOS by Full Band Monte Carlo Simulation

In this paper we investigate warm electron injection in a double gate SONOS memory by means of 2D full-band Monte Carlo simulations of the Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE). Electrons are accelerated in the channel by a drain-to-source voltage VDS smaller than 3 V, so that programming occurs via electrons tunneling through a potential barrier whose height has been effectively reduced by the accumulated kinetic energy. Particle energy distribution at the semiconductor/oxide interface is studied for different bias conditions and different positions along the channel. The gate current is calculated with a continuum-based post-processing method as a function of the particle distribution obtained from Monte Carlo. Simulation results show that the gate current increases by several orders of magnitude with increasing drain bias and warm electron injection can be an interesting option for programming when short channel effects prohibit the application of larger drain bias

EBFM - can it manage and conserve tropical Asian fish stocks?

Scientists predict two possible futures for EBFM that are not mutually exclusive. The core elements of EBFM, getting singlespecies fishing mortalities right, reducing bycatch, and protecting sensitive habitats, are widely accepted, being implemented, and are reasonably inexpensive. This will mean lowering fishing mortality on all species below the levels that produce MSY and probably lowering even more the exploitation rates on forage species. Various agencies are now using ecosystem indicators to modify their regulations. Essentially, ecosystem impacts of competition and predation are ignored when singlespecies assessments are used on a standalone basis. This aspect of EBFM could Significantly modify management since the US and many other countries use estimates of unfished biomass when making harvest decision

Imperative need for regulation of marine fisheries in India

The tendency of an unregulated fishery to expand until it becomes unprofitable is both predictable in theory as well as observable in practice. One of the techniques of effective management of fish stocks to obtain the maximum economic yield is the formulation of explicit regulations based on scientific studie

Functional outcome following open reduction and internal fixation of proximal humerus fractures with locking compression plate

Background: Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) are common upper extremity fractures representing break in humerus bone. Incidences of PHFs increased in last few years due to life style changes and increased road accidents. Appropriate management strategy for PHFs is still uncertain. The aim of current study is to assess the functional outcome following open reduction and internal fixation of proximal humerus fractures using locking compression plates.Methods: Current study is a descriptive investigation conducted on 31 PHFs patients admitted to baby memorial hospital, calicut, between January 2013 to June 2014. Surgical management of PHFs was done by open reduction and internal fixation using locking compression plates and functional outcomes and complications of the employed treatment modality were investigated.Results: PHFs were observed to be common in 41-60 years age group, with 65% males being affected. Road accidents and domestic falls were observed to be the most common causes of PHFs in younger and elderly populations respectively. Three parts PHFs were observed to be more prevalent, followed by two and four parts fractures. Results of current study revealed that majority of PHFs united by 8-10 weeks duration with 22.58% cases with excellent and 41.93%, 16.12% and 19.35% cases with good, moderate and poor constant and Murley score respectively. Two patients reported post-operative complication of shoulder stiffness, while one patient each reported plate impingement, varus maluion, infection and varus malunion with intraarticular screw cut-out.  Conclusions: Locking compression plates (PHILOS/PHLP) is an efficient treatment modality for proximal humerus fractures allowing early mobilization and good functional outcome

Glossary of technical terms- Winter School on Towards Ecosystem Based Management of Marine Fisheries – Building Mass Balance Trophic and Simulation Models

Glossary of technical terms- Winter School on Towards Ecosystem Based Management of Marine Fisheries – Building Mass Balance Trophic and Simulation Model

Information systems for decentralization of development planning: managing the change process

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of delegation of authority by the central government to the state and district level government in planning the development projects in Malaysia. Data for this research were obtained from structured questionnaires delivered by mail to a selected sample of respondents as well as from secondary sources such as previous studies and relevant government reports. The sample organizations were comprised of government ministries, central agencies, state development offices, and district offices. The results show that the central government has successfully delegated its authority to the state and district levels to the extent of operational and tactical planning as well as decision making. The efforts at decentralization have resulted in greater participation in developmental activities and more effective and efficient administration of development projects. To further enhance the development planning process, the government has introduced computerized information systems known as SETIA and SIAP which have increased the capacity for planning and implementation of the development projects. This demonstrates that the success of the projects depends heavily on careful planning, implementation, and optimal utilization of the resources allocated

Catch-effort relationship and projection scenarios for the dual-fleet trawl fishery of Mangalore and Malpe, southwest coast of India

Non-equilibriwn surplus production models were fitted to derive the empirical production maxima for the single-day (SDF) and multi-day fleet (MDF) trawlers operating from Mangalore-Malpe bases. The Pella-Tomlinson model fitted for SDF showed that the fishery is presently stabilized at an effort level close to the empirical production maximum (11429 tonnes). While using the Schaefer model, the yield from MDF was found to be ~ excess of the ideal (32406 tonnes). Projection scenari"" using different effort levels for MDF indicate that a 15% lannum decrease in effort from the present can bring back the population to a healthy level by the year 1999. The biological interaction among the different component species of the two fleets are also provided

E-Learning acceptance in a developing country: A case of the Indonesian Open University

The rapid proliferation of the number people using the Internet and World Wide Web (WWW) has been identified by many academic institutions as a potential opportunity to promote distance learning activity. E-learning has been implemented by academic institutions worldwide for decades, including the Indonesian Open University. In this study, using the Indonesian Open University or Universitas Terbuka (UT) as study setting, we investigate the factors that were believed to affect acceptance of e-learning namely, computer self-efficacy, convenience, instructor’s characteristics, instructional design, technological factors and institutional support. All these factors were examined to predict their contribution to the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). From the literature, we developed a research model and eleven hypotheses. The research model was tested using structural equation modeling technique. The research findings suggest several implications and contributions to the e-learning knowledge and concept. The results provide interesting insights and suggestions. Instructional design (ID) and technological factors (TF) were shown to be strong predictors of both perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU). Consistent with prior studies, CSE was confirmed to predict perceived usefulness. Other variables; convenience (CONV) and instructor’s characteristics (IC) are found to be non-significant factors for perceived ease of use (PEOU). Perceived ease of use was found to be a strong predictor of perceived usefulness and intention to use

Cloaking dielectric spherical objects by a shell of metallic nanoparticles

We show that dielectric spheres can be cloaked by a shell of amorphously arranged metallic nanoparticles. The shell represents an artificial medium with tunable effective properties that can be adjusted such that the scattered signals of shell and sphere almost cancel each other. We provide an analytical model for the cloak design and prove numerically that the cloak operates as desired. We show that more than 70% of the scattered signal of the sphere can be suppressed at the design wavelength. Advantages and disadvantages of such a cloak when compared to other implementations are disclosed.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Stewardship Theory Of Corporate Governance And Succession Planning In Family Businesses Of Uae: Views Of The Owners

Purpose This paper aims to explore corporate governance (CG) and succession planning in family-owned businesses in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews are conducted with 16 owners and heirs of UAE family businesses. The interviews - face-to-face and asynchronous electronic - are conducted instead of a questionnaire to get an in-depth analysis of the topic in the context of both medium- and large-sized family businesses. Findings The responses are mixed with regard to governance challenges (duality, gender, internal control, transparency, etc.). The majority of the interviewees indicate that succession planning remains one of the biggest challenges for family businesses in the UAE. Fifteen of the sixteen interviewees document that a sound succession strategy must be in place to ensure the continuity of the business and prevent future disputes among potential successors. Similarly, the respondents also emphasise the importance of transparency and accountability for the sustainability of family businesses. The sustainability of family businesses relies on many aspects, such as national regulations, corporate systems and the succession process. Finally, most of the respondents from medium-sized companies opined that incorporating CG is a time-consuming and expensive process. Practical implications The interviewees supported stewardship theory in case family members are occupying positions on the board as they have more long-term commitment and a greater sense of belonging to the business (socio-emotional wealth) compared to non-family members. The interviewees acknowledge that the lack of professionalism and conflicts of interest among family members can be offset by recruiting non-family members. Originality/value Family businesses are particularly significant in the Arab world as they account for over 60% of gross domestic product (GDP) and use above 80% of the workforce which make them interesting research subject. In addition, this paper explores the CG challenges faced by both large- and medium-sized family businesses in the UAE within the theoretical framework of stewardship theory