Food Security, and Health And Nutritional Status of Indian Women From Oil Palm Plantations in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the relationship between food security and health and nutritional status among 169 Indian women (19- 49 years, non-pregnant and non-lactating) from selected oil palm plantations in Negeri Sembilan. The women were interviewed for socio-economic, demographic, physical activity, household food security and dietary intake information and measured for weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure. Blood samples were collected from 147 women and analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), lowdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and plasma glucose (FPG) levels. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, ANOVA and logistic regression were conducted. Using the Radimer/Comell Hunger and Food Insecurity Instrument, a majority of the households experienced household insecurity (24.9%), individual insecurity (19.5%) or child hunger (40.8%). About 39.1% and 26.0% of the women were overweight and obese, respectively. More than half (68.6%) of the women had at risk waist iv circumference (~ 88 cm). While 70.4% of the women were in the highly active category, 29.6% were either sufficiently active or insufficiently active. The mean intake of energy and most nutrients were lower than the recommended values. Similarty, the mean number of servings for all food groups was less than the recommended servings. The mean diet diversity score was 10.10 ± 10.00 (maximum=29) with most women (89.4%) had diet diversity less than 10. The percentages of women with TG~2.3 mmollL, TC~ 6.2mmoIlL, LDLC> 4.1 mmollL, HDL-C<1.03 mmollL, FPG~6.1 mmollL and BP~130/85 mmHg were 14.3%, 2.8%, 12.2%, 32%, 12.9% and 19.7%, respectively. There were significantly decreasing patterns in mean household income, income per capita, year of schooling, diet diversity, vitamin A intake and number of serving from meaUfishllegumes and increasing patterns in mean number of children and prevalence of women with at risk waist circumferences with severity of food insecurity (p<0.05). For physical activity, women experiencing household food insecurity significantly spent higher minutes/day (333.13 ± 178.36) for moderate activities than women in food secure and child hunger households. In addition, women experiencing household food insecurity significantly spent higher minutes/day (343.70 ± 185.65) for vigorous activities than child hunger households (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in TG, HDL-C, FPG and blood pressure by food security levels. The mean number of health risks was significantly higher in child hunger (2.27 ± 1.20) than in individual food insecure (1.48 ± 1.05) groups. While the prevalence of people with more than 3 health risks was highest in child hunger group (42.9%), a majority (82.4%) of food secure women had less than 3 health risks. The logistic regression showed that housewives, higher age, higher waist circumference, lower years of education and lower duration of physical activity significantly increased the risk for the women to have health problems. In addition, women who had higher intake of milk and dairy products, meatlfish/poultry/legumes and higher diet diversity were more likely to be protected against health problems. In the present study, the effect of food insecurity on health risks is through dietary intakes, which may have impact on waist circumference. As households become food insecure, the ability to obtain variety of foods will be compromised and consequently put the women at risk of having high waist circumference and other health problems. The present study showed that food insecurity among the Indian women from selected palm plantations is indirectly associated with poor health and nutritional status. Therefore, appropriate community-based intervention programs should be developed and implemented to address the problem of food insecurity and possible health and nutritional outcomes

Caffeine: A green, natural and biodegradable catalyst for convenient and expedient eco-safe synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo [1,2-b] phthalazine-5,10-dione derivatives under solvent-free conditions

1398-1406A green, convenient, highly versatile and solvent-free synthetic route for caffeine catalyzed one-pot multi-component synthesis of biologically active 1H-pyrazolo [1,2-b] phthalazine-5,10-dione derivatives via one-pot four-component condensation reaction of phthalimide, hydrazine monohydrate, aryl aldehydes and malononitrile has been studied. The green, natural, biodegradable and inexpensive catalyst, eco-safe reaction, solvent-free conditions, avoidance of hazardous or toxic catalysts, simplicity of operation and work-up procedures with no necessity of chromatographic purification steps, the availability and ease of handling of this solid catalyst and good to high yields are the notable benefits for the highly efficient synthesis of these products

Caffeine as a naturally green and biodegradable catalyst promoted convenient and expedient synthetic route for the synthesis of polysubstituted dihydro-2-oxypyrroles

A green, convenient, high yielding and one-pot procedure for synthesis of high substituted dihydro-2-oxypyrroles by domino four-component condensation reaction between aromatic/aliphatic amines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate and formaldehyde in the presence of a catalytic amount of caffeine as a green, natural, expedient and biodegradable catalyst under ambient temperature was studied. The salient features of this green approach are simplicity of operation and work-up procedures with no necessity of chromatographic purification steps, use of safe, non-volatile, non-corrosive and green catalyst, the availability and easy to handle of this solid catalyst, one-pot reaction, economical and clean synthesis.               KEY WORDS: Caffeine, Green catalyst, Polysubstituted dihydro-2-oxypyrroles, Ambient temperature, Simple work-up Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2019, 33(1), 149-158DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v33i1.15

Principles of Therapeutic Discourse of Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder with Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Approach

Background and Aim:Opening conversations in psychotherapy discourse is very sensitive. Therefore, identifying the principles of how opening conversations in such discourses is extremely important. The present study uses the conversation analysis approach to find the principles of opening conversation in the therapeutic discourse of treatment sessions for patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) based on the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) approach. Materials and Methods:The method used in this research is based on the logic of qualitative research. The corpus used in this study included 2520 minutes of conversation in psychotherapy sessions. Participants in this study were selected from both sexes. To analyze the data, methods of conversation analysis, word counting and finding keywords in the text have been used. Also, ATLAS ti. Computer software has been used to construct and present the verbal pattern. Results:The results of data analysis show that opening conversation pattern in psychotherapy sessions consists of five stages of which only the “Identification-recognition sequence” is used in the initial treatment sessions and the rest is used in all sessions. Psychologists have opened conversations in all psychotherapy sessions.It takes about 5 to 10 minutes to open a conversation. Conclusion:The abundance of data also shows that when using the general pattern of conversation initiation sequence, there was no verbal difference between psychotherapists and male and female clients, and all behaved according to the rules governing psychotherapy sessions. This confirms the high sensitivity of the type of approach to clients and how to begin to communicate in conversations related to therapeutic discourse

Effectiveness of Online Compassion-Focused Group Therapy on Depression, Anxiety and Chronic Fatigue Severity of Multiple Sclerosis in Female Patients

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (M.S) is the most common debilitating disease that also affects thephysical, mental, and social functioning of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate theeffectiveness of online compassion therapy on depression, anxiety and chronic fatigue severity infemale patients with multiple sclerosis.Method: The present study was a pre-test, post-test applied and experimental study with a controlgroup. The sample consisted of 30 patients with multiple sclerosis living in Shiraz in 2020 whowere selected by convenience sampling method. They randomly divided into experimental andcontrol groups. Participants were tested on the Depression, Anxiety, and Chronic Fatigue Scales,and an online compassion-based treatment plan was presented to the experimental group in 8 twohour sessions. Descriptive statistics and covariance test were used to analyze the data.Result: Patients showed a significant improvement in the severity of symptoms in all threevariables. The results showed a significant difference in depression, anxiety and chronic fatigueseverity scores between the groups at posttest (P &lt;0.001).Conclusion: Online CFT can be used as an effective therapy to improve mental disorders andmental health of MS patients in case of evidence for proof of effectiveness of CFT. So, onlinecompassion-focused group therapy can reduce the negative psychological consequences of peoplewith multiple sclerosis by reducing negative emotions and increasing a person's attention toimproving their condition.Declaration of Interest: Non

Pectin as a natural biopolymer catalyst promoted green synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives in aqueous ethanol media

405-410A green and one-pot protocol for the facile synthesis of biologically important dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives has been developed. In this method pectin has been utilized as a natural biopolymer catalyst to get quick access to the dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives in aqueous ethanol media and short reaction times. The main advantages of this method are the operational simplicity, reduced reaction time, high yield of the products, avoidance of any hazardous organic solvent, toxic catalyst, tedious purification step, convenient work up procedure and employment of natural, highly efficient and readily available catalyst. All these factors make the present method economical, green and sustainable

Potassium alum as a naturally mineral and economical catalyst for the one-pot, multi-component and clean synthesis of 2-oxo(thio)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines and N-aryl-3-aminodihydropyrrol-2-one-4-carboxylates

An environmental friendly synthetic route for potassium alum catalyzed one-pot multi-component synthesis of biologically active 2-oxo(thio)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines and N--aryl-3-aminodihydropyrrol-2-one-4-carboxylates has developed. The present synthetic route has the notable advantages of natural, mineral, inexpensive and non-toxic catalyst, mild reaction conditions, eco-friendly, one-pot and good to high yield of biological active products. This method is simple for work up and the compound formed filtered and purified just by simple crystallization

An eco-safe and solvent-free approach for clean and one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one/thione derivatives using Zn(OAc)2.2H2O as an environmental friendly, readily and efficient catalyst

An environmental friendly, economical and clean Biginelli approach in presence of readily available zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(OAc)2.2H2O) to access biologically active 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones/thiones derivatives via one-pot, three-component reaction of β-keto esters (methyl or ethyl acetoacetate), aromatic aldehyde (benzaldehye derivatives) and urea or thiourea in high to excellent yields has been studied. This solvent-free procedure is sustainable and advantageous compared to conventional methods due to short reaction times, one-pot procedure, easy handling, efficient, environmentally benign nature, low-cost and non-toxic catalyst, eco-friendly, ready availability of starting materials and no requirement of chromatographic purification. The products have been characterized by melting points and 1H NMR spectroscopy

1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU): as a highly efficient bicyclic amidine catalyst promoted solvent-free and one-pot synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo [1, 2-b] phthalazine-5,10-dione derivatives

1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as a highly efficient bicyclic amidine catalyst promoted one-pot multi-component synthesis of biologically active 1H-pyrazolo [1, 2-b] phthalazine-5, 10-dione derivatives via one-pot four-component condensation reaction of phthalimide, hydrazine monohydrate, aryl aldehydes and malononitrile under solvent-free conditions through simple filter with no necessity of chromatographic purification steps. Use of safe, non-volatile, non-corrosive, highly efficient, readily available and easy to handle of catalyst, one-pot reaction, high yields and short reaction times, economical and convenient synthesis, solvent-free conditions and operational simplicity are among the other added advantages that make this approach an attractive alternative for the synthesis of these biologically active compounds

1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU): as a highly efficient bicyclic amidine catalyst promoted solvent-free and one-pot synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo [1, 2-b] phthalazine-5,10-dione derivatives

1234-12421,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as a highly efficient bicyclic amidine catalyst promoted one-pot multi-component synthesis of biologically active 1H-pyrazolo [1, 2-b] phthalazine-5, 10-dione derivatives via one-pot four-component condensation reaction of phthalimide, hydrazine monohydrate, aryl aldehydes and malononitrile under solvent-free conditions through simple filter with no necessity of chromatographic purification steps. Use of safe, non-volatile, non-corrosive, highly efficient, readily available and easy to handle of catalyst, one-pot reaction, high yields and short reaction times, economical and convenient synthesis, solvent-free conditions and operational simplicity are among the other added advantages that make this approach an attractive alternative for the synthesis of these biologically active compounds