Prediktor Tingkah Laku Keibubapaan Ibu Dan Kesejahteraan Anak Dari Keluarga Melayu Bercerai

Rancangan Malaysia Kesembilan (RMKe-9) menyatakan bahawa pembentukan institusi keluarga yang sejahtera adalah penting bagi menjana modal insan berdaya saing. Pergolakan dalam institusi keluarga mengakibatkan ikatan perkahwinan berakhir dengan perceraian. Di Malaysia, bilangan keluarga bercerai yang diketuai oleh ibu adalah semakin meningkat dan kajian mendapati keluarga ibu bercerai menghadapi pelbagai kesulitan hidup berbanding keluarga lengkap, disamping memberi kesan terhadap kesejahteraan anak Secara amnya, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan prediktor bagi tingkah laku keibubapaan ibu dan kesejahteraan anak dari keluarga Melayu bercerai. Sampel utama (N=413) kajian merupakan ibu yang telah bercerai dan salah seorang anak mereka yang masih bersekolah (rendah atau menengah) sebagai subsampel kajian (anak fokus; n=100). Data telah dikumpulkan secara temu bual bersemuka menggunakan borang soal selidik. Tingkah laku keibubapaan ibu telah diukur menggunakan „Parental Bonding Instrument’ (Parker, Tupling & Brown, 1979). Kesejahteraan anak pula diukur berdasarkan tiga aspek iaitu tekanan perasaan [Center for Epidemological Studies- Depression Scale (Radloff, 1977)], penghargaan kendiri „Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale’ Rosenberg, 1979) dan pencapaian akademik. Kesemua instrumen yang digunakan telah diadaptasi mengikut kesesuaian budaya tempatan. Penemuan hasil kajian menunjukkan tingkah laku keibubapaan ibu Melayu bercerai yang tinggi mempengaruhi faktor kemurungan dan penghargaan kendiri anak. Responden ibu Melayu bercerai juga menunjukkan persepsi penghargaan kendiri ibu yang baik dan keprihatinan yang tinggi mempengaruhi kesejahteraan anak. Kesejahteraan anak (tekanan perasaan, penghargaan kendiri dan pencapaian akademik) yang dikaji pula adalah pada tahap yang sederhana dan ianya dipengaruhi oleh faktor tingkah laku sosial anak yang positif. Penghargaan kendiri ibu Melayu bercerai yang dikaji merupakan faktor penyumbang utama dan mempengaruhi tingkah laku keibubapaan ibu. Manakala tingkah laku sosial anak pula adalah faktor yang mempengaruhi kesejahteraan anak dari keluarga Melayu bercerai. Situasi ini menggambarkan bahawa persepsi penghargaan kendiri ibu dan tingkah laku sosial anak fokus yang dipamerkan memberi kesan positif terhadap kualiti kesejahteraan keluarga Melayu bercerai. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini memberi sumbangan baru terhadap bidang ekologi keluarga Melayu bercerai dan kualiti kesejahteraan hidup individu ibu dan anak. Faktor penentu tingkah laku keibubapaan ibu dan kualiti kesejahteraan anak yang stabil mendorong kepada sistem ekologi keluarga (jaringan sokongan, sumber ekonomi dan kefungsian keluarga) Melayu bercerai berfungsi dengan lebih baik

Development of a-stable block method for the solution of stiff ordinary differential equations

A fixed step-size multistep block method for stiff Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) using the 2-point Block Backward Differentiation Formulas (BBDF) with improved efficiency is established. The method is developed using Taylor’s series expansion. The order and the error constant of the method are determined. To validate the new method is suitable for solving stiff ODEs, the stability and convergence properties are discussed. Numerical results indicate that the new method produced better accuracy than the existing methods when sloving the same problems

Optical tomography: Image improvement using mixed projection of parallel and fan beam modes

Mixed parallel and fan beam projection is a technique used to increase the quality images. This research focuses on enhancing the image quality in optical tomography. Image quality can be defined by measuring the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE) parameters. The findings of this research prove that by combining parallel and fan beam projection, the image quality can be increased by more than 10%in terms of its PSNR value and more than 100% in terms of its NMSE value compared to a single parallel beam

Assessment of genetic diversity and hybrid identification in stevia using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers

Identification of intra-specific diversity is an essential condition for the analysis of genetic diversity. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni belonging to the family Compositae, has a long and successful history of use as a commercial sweetening agent. Stevia is a self-incompatible plant. Originated from a temperate country Paraguay, stevia is considered as an introduced species thus the number of stevia accessions available in Malaysia is still small and limited. Hybridization through Trigona-assisted pollination has successfully produced seven putative stevia F1 hybrids. In this study, 17 stevia accessions and introductions, mostly from Paraguay and different parts of Malaysia including seven putative stevia hybrids were assayed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to differentiate and explore their genetic relationships. A total of 332 clear bands were generated, out of which 275 (82.8 %) were polymorphic. The total number of markers varied from 6 to 18 with a mean of 10 markers per primer. The number of polymorphic markers for each primer varied from 3 (IS34/2) to 17 (IS55) with a mean of 8 polymorphic markers per primer. The amplified product size ranged from 50125 to 5000 bp. The PIC values ranged from 0.16 (IS34/2) to 0.5 (IS19, IS55, IS50, IS70 and IS78), with a mean PIC value of 0.43. The Jaccard‘s similarity coefficient values ranged from 0.375 to 812 with an average of 0.54. A dendrogram constructed based on the UPGMA clustering method, revealed two major Groups (A and B). Group-A showed segregated Bertam while Group B was further segregated into seven subgroups consisted of the remaining accessions studied. The present findings unarguably suggest extending the scope of detecting and quantifying the prevalent genetic diversity existing at the molecular level in the stevia accessions and the putative hybrids. To our knowledge this is the first report on the characterization stevia accessions and developed putative stevia hybrids in Malaysia based on thirty two primers. ISSRs have the potential to distinguish closely related accessions based on the patterns of their amplicons. High polymorphism obtained indicates ISSR is an efficient technique or evaluating genetic diversity in stevia. The present study also elucidates the utility of ISSR markers as an efficient tool to screen putative hybrids obtained from Trigona- assisted pollination

Numerical solution for stiff initial value problems using 2-point block multistep method

This paper focuses on the derivation of an improved 2-point Block Backward Differentiation Formula of order five (I2BBDF(5)) for solving stiff first order Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). The I2BBDF(5) method is derived by using Taylor's series expansion to obtain the coefficients of the formula. To verify the efficiency of the I2BBDF(5) method, stiff problems from the literature are tested and compared with the existing solver for stiff ODEs. From the numerical results, we conclude that the I2BBDF(5) method can be an alternative solver for solving stiff ODE

A study on factor that influence customer satisfaction toward quality services provided by Tabung Haji, Tanjong Karang, Selangor / Siti Zarina Mohamad Amin

The Pilgrims Fund Board (Lembaga Tabung Haji) was established from the establishment of Pilgrims Fund Corporation in November 1962 and commenced operation on September 30,1963 with the main objective of providing quality product and services to the customers. TH Tanjong Karang is one of the TH's branch established in order to facilitate the resident of Tanjong Karang to get the services provided by TH The main services provided by TH are saving and withdrawing and also hajj registration. This research paper is to study about the factors that influence customer satisfaction toward quality services provided by TH in Tanjong Karang, Selangor. There are 60 respondents in area Tanjong Karang who is being as TH customer and be as our sample in this study. There are various methodology used in this research such as collection of data through primary and secondary data, questionnaires, sampling technique and also the using of Statistical Package for Social Science-SPSS (Version 11.5) in order to analyze the data. From the analysis of data, there are seven things that become as our focus to determine the factor that influence customer satisfaction. There are availability, delivery lead times, quality, services, customer friendliness, selection of product and services and also cost. From the findings analysis, we discovered that all the seven factors as stated above have association with customer satisfaction in 11-1 Tanjong Karang. Even though some of the respondent not satisfied with certain element but the number of respondent who satisfied with the services provided by TH are greater than respondents who are not satisfied with TH Tanjong Karang services

Effects of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea on seed germitantion of Stevia rebaudiana = Kesan N-Metil-N-Nitrosourea pada percambahan biji benih stevia rebaudiana

Stevia rebaudiana is a unique plant that contains non-caloric natural sweetener and has gained much interest among Malaysians. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) was assessed in inducing mutation in Stevia seeds to produce genetic variations, which is valuable for crop improvement. Stevia seeds were soaked in six concentrations of MNU (0.0, 0.13, 0.25, 0.38, 0.50, and 1.00 mM) for four different durations (15, 30, 45, and 60 min) at room temperature. As a result, application of MNU reduced the germination percentage and germination rate of Stevia seeds as compared to the control group. Prolonged exposure to the highest concentration of MNU recorded the lowest percentage of germination (2.5 ± 1.4%) and the lowest germination rate (0.21 ± 0.16). Tricots were observed among seedlings treated with 0.13, 0.38 and 1.0 mM of MNU for 30 min. Presence of seedlings with albino colour proved the mutagenic effect of MNU on Stevia genome. Based on the percentage of seedlings with chlorophyll mutation, the most effective and ef cient mutagenic treatment to induce mutation was 60 min in 0.25 mM of MNU. ******************************************************** Stevia rebaudiana ialah tumbuhan unik yang mengandungi pemanis semula jadi tanpa kalori yang menarik minat ramai rakyat Malaysia. Dalam kajian ini, kesan kepekatan N-metil-N-nitrosourea (MNU) dikaji dalam mendorong mutasi pada biji Stevia untuk menghasilkan variasi genetik yang berguna untuk pembaikan tanaman. Biji Stevia direndam dalam larutan MNU dengan enam kepekataan berlainan (0.0, 0.13, 0.25, 0.38, 0.50 dan 1.00 mM) untuk empat tempoh yang berbeza (15, 30, 45 dan 60 minit) pada suhu bilik. Penggunaan MNU didapati mengurangkan peratus dan kadar percambahan biji Stevia berbanding dengan kumpulan kawalan. Pendedahan berpanjangan kepada kepekatan MNU yang tertinggi mencatatkan peratusan percambahan terendah (2.5 ± 1.4%) dan kadar percambahan terendah (0.21 ± 0.16). Anak benih dengan trikot dicerap pada kumpulan yang dirawat dengan 0.13, 0.38 dan 1.0 mM MNU selama 30 minit. Kehadiran anak benih dengan warna albino membuktikan kesan mutagen MNU pada genom Stevia. Berdasarkan peratusan anak benih dengan mutasi klorofil, rawatan mutagenik yang paling berkesan dan cekap untuk merangsang mutasi ialah selama 60 minit dalam 0.25 mM MNU

The antibacterial properties of Euphorbia tirucalli stem extracts against dental caries-related bacteria

Euphorbia tirucalli dilaporkan mempunyai aktiviti antibakteria terhadap pelbagai mikroorganisma. Kajian in vitro ini bertujuan untuk menilai ciri-ciri antibakteria ekstrak (metanol, etanol dan ekstrak akueus) batang Euphorbia tirucalli terhadap bakteria yang berkaitan dengan karies gigi, iaitu Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) dan Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus). Sifat-sifat antibakteria telah ditentukan menggunakan ujian resapan agar berlubang pada kepekatan ekstrak yang berbeza (10, 20 dan 30 mg/ml). Komersial amoxicillin (10 μg) telah digunakan sebagai kawalan positif manakala pelarut yang sesuai telah digunakan sebagai kawalan negatif. Ekstrak metanol dan ethanol daripada batang Euphorbia tirucalli didapati berkesan terhadap S. mutans dan S. sobrinus. Walau bagaimanapun, ekstrak akueus batang Euphorbia tirucalli tidak menunjukkan aktiviti terhadap kedua-dua strain bakteria. Perbezaan dalam ciri-ciri antibakteria dalam perbezaan ekstrak Euphorbia tirucalli mungkin disebabkan oleh perbezaan dalam juzuk fitokimia

Measurement and analysis of water/oil multiphase flow using electrical capacitance tomography sensor

The paper investigates the capability of using a portable 16-segmented Electrical Capacitance Tomo-graphy (ECT) sensor and a new excitation technique to measure the concentration profile of water/oil multiphase flow. The concentration profile obtained from the capacitance measurements is capable of providing images of the water and oil flow in the pipeline. The visualization results deliver information regarding the flow regime and concentration distribution of the multiphase flow. The information is able to help in designing process equipment and verifying the existing computational modeling and simu-lation techniques

Implementation of Sub-Grid-Federation Model for Performance Improvement in Federated Data Grid

In this work, a new model for federation data grid system called Sub-Grid-Federation was designed to improve access latency by accessing data from the nearest possible sites. The strategy in optimising data access was based on the process of searching into the area identified as ‘Network Core Area’ (NCA). The performance of access latency in Sub-Grid-Federation was tested based on the mathematical proving and simulated using OptorSim simulator. Four case studies were carried out and tested in Optimal Downloading Replication Strategy (ODRS) and the Sub-Grid-Federation. The results show that Sub-Grid-Federation is 20% better in terms of access latency and 21% better in terms of reducing remotes sites access compared to ODRS. The results indicate that the Sub-Grid-Federation is a better alternative for the implementation of collaboration and data sharing in data grid system.                                                                                    Keywords: Data grid, replication, scheduling, access latenc