Influence of Blending of Diesel Certified and Biodiesel CPO on Efficiency of 60 MMT SB Boiler Type

Abstract Combustion is the process of mixing  oxygen and carbon in speed and produces heat. Oxygen  from the air, while carbon derived from fuel. Combustion  boilers as a chemical process of unification of the fuel and oxygen from the air with the speed of a particular reaction that produces energy. Calculation of the combustion process is the starting point  the design of boilers, furnaces and other appliances that generate heat from the combustion process derived from the number of elements involved in a chemical reaction, the amount of heat generated and the efficiency of combustion. The fuel is a mixture of diesel and biodiesel certified crude palm oil, ratio B0, B5, B10, B15, B20, B30 testing using Fire Tube BoilersSB60MMT. From the ultimate analysis and dry flue gas emissions (gas Analyzer), then calculated based on stoichiometric combustion and efficiency using the indirect method, the calculation results obtained from the more mixed crude palm oil biodiesel is added then the content of SO2, CO, NOx  increasingly reduced. Also obtained the largest heat loss due to dry flue gas and 8,209% heat loss due to evaporation of water formed in  H2 fuel efficiency of 7,002% to 85.637% on the  blend B20. Keywords: Solar Certified, CPO Biodiesel, Fire Tube Boilers, Emissions, Effic

Liquid Soap Production from Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) Fat Waste

Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) fat is a waste that has not been used optimally, especially in the use of soap. This study aimed to determine the effect of operating conditions are temperature, reaction time, and the ratio of volume between catfish oil and KOH. Soap can be formed by saponification reaction with strong alkali by hydrolyzing catfish oil with variations in the volume ratio of reactants (1:2, 1:3 and 1:4), temperature (75 °C and 95 °C) and reaction time (45 minutes and 75 minutes) with a constant stirring speed of 300 rpm. In the variation of the volume ratio of reactants, temperature and reaction time carried out in this study, a good liquid soap obtained is the volume ratio of reactants 1:3, temperature 75 °C and reaction time 45 minutes with pH 9.3 and free fatty acid 2.27%. The soap products produced have met SNI No. 06-4085-1996

PENGARUH FLY ASH DAN CARBON BLACK SEBAGAI REINFORCEMENT FILLER TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIS SEAL DARI KARET ALAM

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan variasi jumlah filler berupa fly ash dan carbon black terhadap sifat mekanis seal berbahan baku karet alam. Variasi jumlah filler carbon black : fly ash yang dilakukan dalam satuan phr antara lain 0:60, 10:50, 20:40, 30:30, 40:20, 50:10, dan 60:0.  Uji rheometer yang dilakukan meliputi torsi maksimum dan minimum, delta torsi, optimum cure time dan scorch time. Hasil analisa sifat rheology menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan jumlah filler berupa carbon black seiring dengan berkurangnya fly ash di dalam formula akan meningkatkan delta torsi serta optimum cure time kompon karet. Sedangkan uji mekanis yang dilakukan meliputi uji hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, dan compression set dan hasilnya dibandingkan dengan standar mutu berdasarkan SNI 7655:2010. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula yang paling baik dan telah memenuhi 3 dari 4 parameter uji berdasarkan standar yang ditetapkan adalah formula 5 dengan komposisi 40 phr carbon black dan 20 phr fly ash yang memiliki hardness sebesar 62 shore-A, tensile strength sebesar 12,1 MPa, dan compression set 4,96%

ZnO-Zeolite nanocomposite application for photocatalytic degradation of procion red and its adsorption isotherm

In this paper, the photocatalytic degradation of procion red dye, one of the most frequently used dyes in the textile industry, was studied. The objective of the research is to study the ZnO-Zeolite nanocomposite application to degrade procion red dye by using different irradiation sources. The adsorption isotherm was also investigated. The ZnO-Zeolite nanocomposite was prepared by a sol-gel process. Photodegradation test was applied under the sunlight irradiation, ultraviolet (UV) lamp, and in a darkroom. The dye degradation was also examined by the synthetic zeolite and ZnO for a comparison. Another objective of this study is to analyse the appropriate adsorption isotherm to describe the degradation process of procion red dye by using ZnO-Zeolite nanocomposite. The adsorption ability of the nanocomposite was described by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption of the nanocomposite was reported to depend on the degradation time. The highest photodegradation result of 98.24 % was achieved by irradiating 50 mg/l of procion red dye under the sunlight for 120 minutes. The result showed that the Langmuir adsorption isotherm was the appropriate adsorption equation for the degradation process of procion red dye by using ZnO-Zeolite nanocomposite with R2 value of 0.995.

Preparation and Characterization of ZnO-Zeolite Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Degradation by Ultraviolet Light

The increasing growth of the textile industry does not only provide benefits in the economic sector but also has the potential to damage the environment, because it generates the dye wastewater which is hard to eliminate. Procion red is one of the synthetic textile dyes that is toxic to the aquatic environment and it needs to be processed properly. The photocatalytic method of processing dye wastewater is the most effective, because it can remove the harmful pollutants in the dye wastewater. This study aimed to prepare and characterize the ZnO-Zeolite nanocomposites for photocatalytic applications tested with a 50 mg/L procion red dye sample. The nanocomposites consisted of the ZnO semiconductors and synthetic zeolite adsorbents prepared by using the sol-gel method. The dye degradation test was carried out under the irradiation conditions with ultraviolet (UV) lamp. Apart from the ZnO-Zeolite nanocomposite, testing was also carried out with the synthetic zeolite and ZnO. The results of SEM-EDX and XRD characterization proved that the nanocomposite forming components were ZnO and zeolite and could be seen from the resulting peaks. BET showed that the surface area value of the ZnO-Zeolite nanocomposite increased to 95.98 m2/g, the pore size of the ZnO-Zeolite nanocomposite was 4.42 nm, and the total pore volume was 0.08 cm3/g. The obtained average crystalline size of ZnO-Zeolite nanocomposite was 32.87 nm. The percentage of dye degradation using the ZnO-Zeolite nanocomposite for 120 minutes has reached 90.42%

Pengaruh Fly Ash dan Carbon Black sebagai Reinforcement Filler terhadap Sifat Mekanis Seal dari Karet Alam

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan variasi jumlah filler berupa fly ash dan carbon black terhadap sifat mekanis seal berbahan baku karet alam. Variasi jumlah filler carbon black : fly ash yang dilakukan dalam satuan phr antara lain 0:60, 10:50, 20:40, 30:30, 40:20, 50:10, dan 60:0. Uji rheometer yang dilakukan meliputi torsi maksimum dan minimum, delta torsi, optimum cure time dan scorch time. Hasil analisa sifat rheology menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan jumlah filler berupa carbon black seiring dengan berkurangnya fly ash di dalam formula akan meningkatkan delta torsi serta optimum cure time kompon karet. Sedangkan uji mekanis yang dilakukan meliputi uji hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, dan compression set dan hasilnya dibandingkan dengan standar mutu berdasarkan SNI 7655:2010. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula yang paling baik dan telah memenuhi 3 dari 4 parameter uji berdasarkan standar yang ditetapkan adalah formula 5 dengan komposisi 40 phr carbon black dan 20 phr fly ash yang memiliki hardness sebesar 62 shore-A, tensile strength sebesar 12,1 MPa, dan compression set 4,96%