Precision Prediction of Knitted Fabric Loop Length Through Online Monitoring of Yarn Input Tension and Course Length-A Mathematical Approach for Circular Weft Knitting With Positive Storage Feeding

A model in the form of an equation has been developed based on the mechanical consideration of yarn during dynamic circular weft knitting process that runs with positive storage feed system. The predicted course length through this model has been compared with that found from actual fabric by a recognized apparatus, i.e. HATRA Course Length Tester. The ttest was carried out over the obtained results for statistical analysis purpose. It was observed that for spun polyester knitted fabric, as used in the experimental part, the model worked very effectively through precision prediction by showing very low average mean difference in predicted course length from that measured from the actual fabric. The t-values and corresponding p-values proved the difference between the predicted and actual results statistically significant and thus opened the scope for further investigation and calibration

Human Detection and Tracking Using Hog Feature and Particle Filter

Video surveillance system has recently attracted much attention in various fields for monitoring and ensuring security. One of its promising applications is in crowd control to maintain the general security in public places. However, the problem of video surveillance systems is the required continuous manual monitoring especially for crime deterrence. In order to assist the security monitoring the live surveillance systems, intelligent target detection and tracking techniques can send a warning signal to the monitoring officers automatically. Towards this end, in this paper, we propose an innovative method to detect and track a target person in a crowded area using the individual’s features. In the proposed method, to realize automatic detection and tracking we combine Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) feature detection with a particle filter. The HOG feature is applied for the description of contour detection for the person, while the particle filter is used for tracking the targets using skin and clothes color based features. We have developed the evaluation system implementing our proposed method. From the experimental results, we have achieved high accuracy detection rate and tracked the specific target precisely

Energy conversion efficiency from a high order soliton to fundamental solitons in presence of Raman scattering

We formulate the energy conversion efficiency from a high-order soliton to fundamental solitons by including the influence of interpulse Raman scattering in the fission process. The proposed analytical formula agrees closely with numerical results of the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation as well as to experimental results, while the resulting formulation significantly alters the energy conversion efficiency predicted by the Raman-independent inverse scattering method. We also calculate the energy conversion efficiency in materials of different Raman gain profiles such as silica, ZBLAN and chalcogenide glasses (As2S3 and As2Se3). It is predicted that ZBLAN glass leads to the largest energy conversion efficiency of all four materials. The energy conversion efficiency is a notion of utmost practical interest for the design of wavelength converters and supercontinuum generation systems based on the dynamics of soliton self-frequency shift.Comment: To be published in JOSA

Low-Cost Production of Chitosan Biopolymer from Seafood Waste: Extraction and Physiochemical Characterization

Chitosan is an abundant natural biopolymer widely used in industrial and pharmaceutical applications. It stands out for its remarkable biodegradability, biocompatibility, and versatility. Herein, we tried to extract chitosan from mud crab (Scylla spp.), a seafood waste abundantly found in Bangladesh’s growing crab farming industry, via a simple low-cost production route. At first, chitin was extracted from crab shells through demineralization and deproteinization to eliminate minerals and proteins. The chitosan biopolymer was then obtained by deacetylation of purified chitin. To evaluate its physicochemical properties, the as-prepared chitosan was characterized by different analyses, such as water and fat binding capacity, solubility, viscosity, molecular weight, fourier transform-infrared, thermogravimetric, scanning electron microscopy, and ash content analysis. The results showed that the crab shell contains around 26.8% chitosan by dry weight, making it an excellent raw material for the massive production of the natural biopolymer chitosan. The prepared chitosan showed fat and water binding capacities of 200-300% and ~680.9%, respectively. Furthermore, it was highly soluble in 1% acetic acid and had an ash content of about 33.7%. Convincingly, the produced chitosan showed great physiochemical properties making it suitable for biomass efficiency, sustainable development, revenue generation, and biomedical applications. In addition, the recycling of seafood waste into a valued product is beneficial to help keep the environment clean, which is among the sustainability goals in Bangladesh and globally

Visible light communication for intelligent transportation systems: A review of the latest technologies

In seeking to improve traffic congestion and safety on roads and highways, there has been an increased interest in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The emerging visible light communication (VLC) technology is a new candidate to enable wireless access in ITS. The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive review of the current studies related to VLC. Since VLC facilitates illumination and data communication simultaneously, it reduces energy consumption significantly. Additionally, VLC is immune to electromagnetic interference, provides high data security, and utilizes unregulated visible light spectrum, showing promise as a potentially cheaper alternative to existing radio frequency (RF) based technology. Moreover, recent advances in semiconductor materials and solid-state technologies have enabled the development of efficient light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) which are used as transmitters in a VLC system. Although 10 s of Gbits/s data rate has been demonstrated in indoor VLC links, successful implementation of it in outdoor environments requires further research to overcome the challenges presented by environmental factors, unwanted lights, non-line of sight communication, directional radiation pattern, frequent fragmentation, and so on. Besides, in recent years, semiconductor LDs have been garnering more attention since they can transmit more data over longer distances due to their high quantum efficiency and modulation bandwidth compared to LEDs. As a result, urban planners, policy-makers, transportation engineers, and vehicle manufacturers are considering LD-based VLC to facilitate vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. Thus, this paper reviews and compares the most recent developments in VLC technologies, identifies their benefits and potential use in ITS applications, discusses the probable barriers for their implementation in our existing transportation infrastructure, and suggests future research directions and recommendations to overcome these challenges.Scopu

Roadmap on chalcogenide photonics

Alloys of sulfur, selenium and tellurium, often referred to as chalcogenide semiconductors, offer a highly versatile, compositionally-controllable material platform for a variety of passive and active photonic applications. They are optically nonlinear, photoconductive materials with wide transmission windows that present various high- and low-index dielectric, low-epsilon and plasmonic properties across ultra-violet, visible and infrared frequencies, in addition to an, non-volatile, electrically/optically induced switching capability between phase states with markedly different electromagnetic properties. This roadmap collection presents an in-depth account of the critical role that chalcogenide semiconductors play within various traditional and emerging photonic technology platforms. The potential of this field going forward is demonstrated by presenting context and outlook on selected socio-economically important research streams utilizing chalcogenide semiconductors. To this end, this roadmap encompasses selected topics that range from systematic design of material properties and switching kinetics to device-level nanostructuring and integration within various photonic system architectures

A Study of North Dakota Crop Basis Volatility: A Mixed Model Approach to Temporally and Spatially Analyze Unobserved Basis Determinants

A model of local elevator basis levels was developed to quantify the response of corn, soybean and hard red spring wheat basis to a set of predefined predictors. Basis data from 2013 – 2016 for 12 grain elevators in Eastern North Dakota were collected. A maximum likelihood mixed effect model was used to test the significance of alternative predictor variables and further divided the residuals into temporal and spatial components. The results indicate that the base model was able to explain 57 to 87 percent of the local basis variability for the selected crops at the individual elevators. In addition, the findings suggest that the temporal portion of the remaining variability is greater than the spatial variability for corn and soybean, but similar for hard red spring wheat.North Dakota State University. Department of Agribusiness and Applied Economic

Identifikasi Risiko dan Penentuan Jalur Evakuasi Bencana Tsunami Kecamatan Sumbermanjingwetan Kabupaten Malang (Studi Kasus : Desa Sitiarjo, Tambakrejo, Tambakasri, dan Sidoasri)

Pulau jawa bagian selatan berpotensi menimbulkan bencana tsunami seperti yang terjadi di Aceh Tahun 2004, sehingga perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus dari pemerintah. Lokasi studi yang terletak di Kecamatan Sumbermanjingwetan Kabupaten Malang termasuk dalam kawasan pesisir pantai selatan yang berbatasan langsung dengan samudera hindia sehingga memiki potensi kerawanan terhadap bencana tsunami dengan jumlah penduduk 29.038 jiwa yang tersebar di empat yakni Desa Sitiarjo, Tambakrejo, Tambakasri, dan Sidoasri. Adanya potensi bencana tsunami di daerah tersebut dapat mempengaruhi keselamatan masyarakat yang bermukim di sekitar pantai. Berdasarkan RTRW Kabupaten Malang belum menjelaskan mengenai wilayah yang rawan akan tsunami dan cara penanggulangannya. Sehingga perlu dikaji dan dikembangkan mengenai potensi bencana tsunami serta lokasi jalur evakuasi yang diperlukan untuk mengurangi jumlah kerugian dan jumlah korban jiwa apabila nantinya terjadi bencana tsunami. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis risiko bencana yang terdiri dari variabel bahaya, kerentanan dengan perhitungan berdasarkan tingkat kerentanan kawasan (fisik, sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan) dan Tingkat kapasitas masyarakat dibentuk dari beberapa faktor yang dimiliki penduduk pada setiap desa, yakni pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap bencana, rencana untuk keadaan darurat, kebijakan mitigasi bencana, system peringatan dini serta mobilisasi sumberdaya. Kemudian, dilakukan overlay pada software ArcGis terhadap tiga variabel tersebut untuk menghasilkan peta persebaran risiko bencana tsunami. Hasil dari klasifikasi tingkat risiko bencana menunjukkan daerah yang memiliki tingkat risiko rendah, sedang, hingga tinggi. Hal tersebut menjadi acuan dalam merencanakan jalur evakuasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisa risiko bencana terdapat desa yang memiliki luasan terbesar untuk kategori risiko bencana tinggi yakni Desa Tambakrejo dengan luasan lahan terdampak sebesar 2.037,24 Ha. Desa Tambakrejo tergolong desa dengan klasifikasi resiko tinggi terhadap bencana tsunami dengan tingkat kapasitas masyarakat yang berada pada klasifikasi rendah Perencanaan jalur evakuasi difokuskan pada jalur penyelamatan melalui jalur darat saat terjadi bencana sehingga masyarakat mengetahui secara cepat informasi jalur evakuasi yang aman dan tidak menimbulkan kerugian serta difokuskan pada arah evakuasi menuju lokasi pengungsian. Hasil dari analisis jalur evakuasi menghasilkan peta jalur evakuasi bencana tsunami yang didalamnya terdapat 5 shelter evakuasi