Delivering new sorghum and finger millet innovations for food security and improving livelihoods in Eastern Africa

ILRI works with partners worldwide to help poor people keep their farm animals alive and productive, increase and sustain their livestock and farm productivity, and find profitable markets for their animal products. ILRI’s headquarters are in Nairobi, Kenya; we have a principal campus in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and 14 offices in other regions of Africa and Asia. ILRI is part of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (www.cgiar.org), which works to reduce hunger, poverty and environmental degradation in developing countries by generating and sharing relevant agricultural knowledge, technologies and policies

Tolerance to aluminium toxicity in Tanzanian sorghum genotypes

Aluminium (Al) toxicity is a major abiotic constraint on grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) production on acid soils in East Africa. Aluminium in acidic soil inhibits water and mineral uptake from and consequently, reduces plant vigour and yield. A study was done to determine genetic diversity of Tanzania's sorghum for response to Al toxicity. Five day old seedlings of 98 sorghum genotypes were subjected to 0, 148 or 222.25 moles of Al3+ supplied as Al2 (SO4)3.16H2O in Hoagland's nutrient solution. Seedlings were raised in a growth chamber for five days, after which root lengths were recorded. Net root growth was used to discriminate the germplasm into phenotypic groups. The genotype MCSR T33 exhibited highest net root length and was classified as tolerant. Wahi, MCSR T69 and MCSR T11 were moderately tolerant, while the rest were susceptible.La toxicit\ue9 aluminique est une contrainte majeur \ue0 la production du sorhgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) sur les sols acides en Afrique de l'est. L'aluminium (Al) des sols acides inhibe l'assimilation d'eau et de min\ue9raux du sol, et r\ue9duit par cons\ue9quent la vigueur des plantes et le rendement.Une \ue9tude \ue9tait faite pour d\ue9terminer la diversit\ue9 g\ue9n\ue9tique du sorgho de la Tanzanie en r\ue9ponse \ue0 la toxicit\ue9 aluminique. Les plants ag\ue9s de 5 jours issus de 98 g\ue9notypes de sorgho \ue9taient soumis \ue0 0, 148 ou 222.25 moles de Al3+ fournis sous forme de Al2 (SO4)3.16H2O dans une solution de nutriment de Hoagland. Les plantules \ue9taient plant\ue9es dans la chambre de croissance pendant 5 jours apr\ue8s lesquels la longueur des racines \ue9tait mesur\ue9e. La croissance nette des racines \ue9tait utilis\ue9e pour s\ue9parer les racines en groupes ph\ue9notypiques. Le g\ue9notype MCSR T33 avait exhib\ue9 une longueur nette plus \ue9lev\ue9e des racines et \ue9tait classifi\ue9 comme tol\ue9rant. Wahi, MCSR T69 et MCSR T11 \ue9taient mod\ue9r\ue9ment tol\ue9rant, alors que les restes \ue9taient susceptibles

Tolerance to Aluminium toxicity in Tanzanian sorghum genotypes

Aluminium (Al) toxicity is a major abiotic constraint on grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) production on acid soils in East Africa. Aluminium in acidic soil inhibits water and mineral uptake from and consequently, reduces plant vigour and yield. A study was done to determine genetic diversity of Tanzania's sorghum for response to Al toxicity. Five day old seedlings of 98 sorghum genotypes were subjected to 0, 148 or 222.25 moles of Al3+ supplied as Al2 (SO4)3.16H2O in Hoagland's nutrient solution. Seedlings were raised in a growth chamber for five days, after which root lengths were recorded. Net root growth was used to discriminate the germplasm into phenotypic groups. The genotype MCSR T33 exhibited highest net root length and was classified as tolerant. Wahi, MCSR T69 and MCSR T11 were moderately tolerant, while the rest were susceptible.La toxicité aluminique est une contrainte majeur à la production du sorhgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) sur les sols acides en Afrique de l'est. L'aluminium (Al) des sols acides inhibe l'assimilation d'eau et de minéraux du sol, et réduit par conséquent la vigueur des plantes et le rendement.Une étude était faite pour déterminer la diversité génétique du sorgho de la Tanzanie en réponse à la toxicité aluminique. Les plants agés de 5 jours issus de 98 génotypes de sorgho étaient soumis à 0, 148 ou 222.25 moles de Al3+ fournis sous forme de Al2 (SO4)3.16H2O dans une solution de nutriment de Hoagland. Les plantules étaient plantées dans la chambre de croissance pendant 5 jours après lesquels la longueur des racines était mesurée. La croissance nette des racines était utilisée pour séparer les racines en groupes phénotypiques. Le génotype MCSR T33 avait exhibé une longueur nette plus élevée des racines et était classifié comme tolérant. Wahi, MCSR T69 et MCSR T11 étaient modérément tolérant, alors que les restes étaient susceptibles

Tolerance to aluminium toxicity in Tanzanian sorghum genotypes

Aluminium (Al) toxicity is a major abiotic constraint on grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) production on acid soils in East Africa. Aluminium in acidic soil inhibits water and mineral uptake from and consequently, reduces plant vigour and yield. A study was done to determine genetic diversity of Tanzania's sorghum for response to Al toxicity. Five day old seedlings of 98 sorghum genotypes were subjected to 0, 148 or 222.25 moles of Al3+ supplied as Al2 (SO4)3.16H2O in Hoagland's nutrient solution. Seedlings were raised in a growth chamber for five days, after which root lengths were recorded. Net root growth was used to discriminate the germplasm into phenotypic groups. The genotype MCSR T33 exhibited highest net root length and was classified as tolerant. Wahi, MCSR T69 and MCSR T11 were moderately tolerant, while the rest were susceptible.La toxicité aluminique est une contrainte majeur à la production du sorhgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) sur les sols acides en Afrique de l'est. L'aluminium (Al) des sols acides inhibe l'assimilation d'eau et de minéraux du sol, et réduit par conséquent la vigueur des plantes et le rendement.Une étude était faite pour déterminer la diversité génétique du sorgho de la Tanzanie en réponse à la toxicité aluminique. Les plants agés de 5 jours issus de 98 génotypes de sorgho étaient soumis à 0, 148 ou 222.25 moles de Al3+ fournis sous forme de Al2 (SO4)3.16H2O dans une solution de nutriment de Hoagland. Les plantules étaient plantées dans la chambre de croissance pendant 5 jours après lesquels la longueur des racines était mesurée. La croissance nette des racines était utilisée pour séparer les racines en groupes phénotypiques. Le génotype MCSR T33 avait exhibé une longueur nette plus élevée des racines et était classifié comme tolérant. Wahi, MCSR T69 et MCSR T11 étaient modérément tolérant, alors que les restes étaient susceptibles

Micropropagação de Cabralea canjerana Micropropagation of Cabralea canjerana

A Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. (Meliaceae) (canjarana) é uma espécie arbórea nativa brasileira importante para fornecimento de madeira de boa qualidade. As sementes desta espécie não podem ser armazenadas por muito tempo e, por tanto, existe a necessidade do desenvolvimento de técnicas alternativas de propagação como a micropropagação. Neste trabalho, foram realizados experimentos de multiplicação utilizando segmentos nodais, retirados de plantas germinadas in vitro. Os segmentos foram inoculados em meio de cultura MS ou WPM, adicionado de 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) e, ou, 2-isopenteniladenina (2-iP) nas concentrações de 2,5 ou 5 &micro;M. Microestacas de rebrotas foram colocadas em meio de cultura MS/2, com a metade da concentração dos sais do meio MS, adicionado de ácido indol 3-butírico (AIB) (0, 2,5 e 5 &micro;M). Após sete dias, foram transferidas para meio MS/2 sem auxina e na luz. Na fase de multiplicação, o meio de cultura MS foi mais adequado que o meio WPM. O segmento nodal, em presença de 2,5 &micro;M de BAP, propiciou um dos melhores resultados, com uma taxa de multiplicação de 1,77 por mês, em meio de cultura MS. O enraizamento das microestacas oriundas de rebrotas foi de 87,5% em presença de 5 &micro;M de AIB durante sete dias. A aclimatização foi realizada em casa de vegetação e proporcionou 90% de sobrevivência das mudas após 30 dias. A micropropagação da canjarana a partir de segmentos nodais de mudas cultivadas in vitro é viável para a multiplicação dessa espécie.<br>Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. (Meliaceae) ("canjarana") is a native tree of economic importance in Brazil. The storage of seeds is of short duration and it is therefore necessary to establish a protocol for micropropagation of this species. In this work, multiplication experiments were carried out using nodal segments, excised from in vitro germinated plants. The segments were inoculated in MS or WPM culture medium, supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and/or 2-isopentenyladenine (2-iP) at 2.5 or 5 &micro;M. Micro-cuttings were taken from new shoots developed from the seeds and used in a rooting experiment using a culture medium with half-strength MS medium (MS/2) supplemented with indolbutyric acid (IBA) (0, 2.5 and 5 &micro;M). After 7 days in this medium, they were transferred to MS/2 medium without auxin under light. During the multiplication phase, the MS culture medium was more suitable for the multiplication of C. canjerana than WPM medium. The nodal segments cultured in the presence of 2.5 &micro;M BAP showed the best result, with a multiplication rate of 1.77 per month on MS medium. The rooting of the microcuttings was 87.5% when they were kept in the presence of 5 &micro;M IBA for 7 days. An acclimatization rate of 90% was achieved after 30 days in the greenhouse. In conclusion, the micropropagation of C. canjerana from nodal segments of plantlets is possible for this species