37 research outputs found
Quality of life and psychological and gastrointestinal symptoms after cholecystectomy : a population-based cohort study
OBJECTIVE: The study aims to examine gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life
and the risk of psychological symptoms after cholecystectomy. DESIGN: This is a
prospective population-based cohort study based on the Nord-Trondelag Health
Study (HUNT) Norway. HUNT is a repeated health survey of the county population
and includes a wide range of health-related items. In the present study, all 3
HUNT surveys were included, performed between 1984 and 2008. Selected items were
scores on quality of life, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and
selected gastrointestinal symptoms. Participants who underwent cholecystectomy
for gallstone disease between 1 January 1990 and until 1 year before attending
HUNT3 were compared with the remaining non-operated cohort. Associations between
cholecystectomy and the postoperative scores and symptoms were assessed by
multivariable regression models. RESULTS: Participants in HUNT1, HUNT2 and HUNT3
were 77 212 (89.4% of those invited), 65 237 (69.5%) and 50 807 (54.1%),
respectively. In the study period, 931 participants were operated with
cholecystectomy. Cholecystectomy was associated with an increased risk of
diarrhoea and stomach pain postoperatively. In addition, cholecystectomy was
associated with an increased risk of nausea postoperatively in men. We found no
associations between cholecystectomy and quality of life, symptoms of anxiety and
depression, constipation, heartburn, or acid regurgitation following surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: In this large population-based cohort study, cholecystectomy was
associated with postoperative diarrhoea and stomach pain. Cholecystectomy for
gallstone colic was associated with nausea in men. There were no associations
between quality of life, symptoms of anxiety and depression, constipation,
heartburn, or acid regurgitation.Swedish Research CouncilPublishe
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Comparing deep-end confinement in England & Wales and Norway
Extreme forms of custody represent the boundary-points of state power. The configuration of the most restrictive corners of prison systems, and what goes on within them, is highly instructive in exposing the objectives, limits and implications of state coercion at its most severe. Based on data collected in England & Wales and Norway, this article has two main aims. The first is to explore the degree to which ‘deep-end’ confinement differs between jurisdictions with quite different penal philosophies. The second is to understand how the most extreme form of confinement in each jurisdiction differs from the more typical carceral experiences within each system and its overall penal ethos. Empirically, then, the article seeks to shine light into the deepest dominions of both prison systems, illuminating the experiential texture of extreme forms of imprisonment. It concludes by asking what can be inferred about Nordic exceptionalism, and about deep-end confinement more generally, through analysing these domains.European Research Council grant 64869
Nordic penal exceptionalism: A comparative, empirical analysis
Abstract
Based on a survey administered in 13 prisons in England & Wales and Norway, as part of a research programme with explicitly comparative aims, this article seeks to address both the relative and absolute dimensions of the Nordic penal exceptionalism thesis. It outlines the consistently more positive results in Norway compared to England & Wales, explaining them primarily with reference to the former’s much higher quality and use of open prisons. At the same time, it emphasizes that, even in an unusually humane prison system, prisoners report considerable pain and frustration. The article also makes the case that comparative analysis should strive to be systematic, but that such comparisons are always imperfect, making methodological transparency all the more essential.European Research Counci