Hubungan Dinamika Populasi Tungau Panonychus Citri Dengan Kandungan Senyawa Atsiri Pada Buah Jeruk Manis Dan Jeruk Besar

. Istianto, M. 2009. Relationship Between Population Dynamic of Panonychus citri and VolatileCompounds on Sweet Orange and Pummelo Fruit. Panonychus citri is one of the important citrus pests in Indonesia.One of the key success for controlling the population of this pest is understanding the relationship between this miteand its host. Previous study showed that limonene and linalool influenced the biology and reproductive capacity of P.citri. The objectives of this research were to understand the relationship between population dynamic of P. citri andfluctuation content of dominant volatile compounds on sweet orange and pummelo. The research was conducted onpummelo orchard in Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute, and sweet orange orchard in KusumaAgrowisata Batu Malang from April to September 2004. Observation was carried out to find out the dynamic of P.citri population and the content of dominant volatile compounds of sweet orange and pummelo. The data obtainedwere analyzed with multiple regression. The results showed that limonene and linalool have highly influence onpopulation dynamic of P. citri. On sweet orange, the effect of limonene and linalool indicated high value at adjustedr square with value of 0.943 with regression equation Y= 218,829 - 2,412 X1+ 5,987 X2 (X1=limonene, X2= linalool).Limonene showed negative effect while linalool showed positive effect to P. citri population. Population of P. citriwas lower and steady on pummelo with higher content of limonene and lower content of linalool, so that negativeeffects of limonene to P. citri were more dominant. These results give an alternative technologies to control P. citripopulation by manipulating secondary metabolite content inside the plant

Efektivitas Minyak Sereh Wangi dalam Mengendalikan Kutu Putih Pepaya Paracoccus marginatus L.

One of the problems in papaya cultivation is the high attack of pests and diseases. The mealybug, P. marginatus L (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is currently found to attack papaya plants. The infestation of mealybugs greatly affects the yield and quality of fruits. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the concentration of citronella oil on mealybugs on papaya plants. The study for the observation of mortality and fecundity used a Randomized Block Design (RAK), with 4 treatment levels of citronella oil concentration, namely 0 (control), 0.5 mL/L, 1 mL/L and 2 mL/L. Observation parameters included preference level of papaya mealybugs on the aroma of citronella oil, repellency, fecundity and mortality of mealybugs, with the application of citronella oil. The results showed that citronella oil has the potential to be used to control papaya mealybugs. The application of citronella oil at concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2 mL/L showed repellent activity against mealybugs, reducing fecundity and causing mortality. The higher the concentration of citronella oil applied, the more potential to control mealybugs. However, the application of citronella oil must be considered for its impact on plants. Too high a concentration can cause toxicity to plants. Keywords: Citronella oil, mealybug, papaya   ABSTRAK Salah satu kendala dalam budidaya pepaya adalah tingginya serangan hama dan penyakit. Kutu putih, P. marginatus L (Hemiptera: Pseudococidae) saat ini ditemukan banyak menyerang tanaman pepaya. Infestasi hama kutu putih sangat berpengaruh terhadap produksi dan kualitas buah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi minyak serai wangi terhadap kutu putih pada tanaman pepaya. Penelitian untuk pengamatan mortalitas dan keperidian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan 4 taraf perlakuan konsentrasi minyak sereh wangi, yaitu 0 (kontrol), 0,5 mL/L, 1 mL/L dan 2 mL/L. Parameter pengamatan meliputi preferensi (tingkat kesukaan) hama kutu putih pepaya terhadap aroma minyak serai wangi, daya repelensi, keperidian, serta tingkat kematian (mortalitas) hama kutu putih dengan pemberian minyak sereh wangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak sereh wangi berpotensi digunakan untuk pengendalian hama kutu putih pepaya. Aplikasi minyak sereh wangi pada konsentrasi 0.5, 1 dan 2 mL/L menunjukkan aktivitas repelen (penolak) terhadap kutu putih, menurunkan angka keperidian dan menyebabkan kematian (mortalitas). Semakin tinggi konsentrasi minyak sereh wangi yang diaplikasikan, semakin berpotensi mengendalikan hama kutu putih. Namun, aplikasi minyak serai wangi harus diperhatikan dampaknya pada tanaman. Konsentrasi terlalu tinggi bisa menyebabkan toksisitas pada tanaman. Kata kunci: Kutu putih, minyak sereh wangi, pepay

Aktivitas Antijamur Minyak Atsiri terhadap Penyakit Antraknos Buah Pisang di Penyimpanan pada Kondisi Laboratorium

. Antraknos yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum sp. merupakan penyakit penting yang menyerangbuah pisang pada penyimpanan. Teknologi yang direkomendasikan untuk mengendalikan penyakit ini adalah denganpenerapan perlakuan panas dan penggunaan fungisida. Teknologi alternatif yang mempertimbangkan keamanankonsumen dan lingkungan sangat diperlukan untuk menggantikan penggunaan fungisida. Tujuan penelitian adalahmengevaluasi aktivitas antijamur beberapa minyak atsiri yang diekstrak dari daun kayu manis, sereh wangi, dankulit jeruk besar terhadap penyakit antraknos. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Perlindungan Tanaman BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika pada suhu ruang mulai dari bulan Januari sampai Mei 2007. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri mampu menekan perkembangan miselium jamur Colletotrichum sp.. Minyakatsiri yang diekstrak dari daun kayu manis mempunyai nilai penghambatan tertinggi (65-72%) terhadap pertumbuhanmiselium Colletotrichum sp., diikuti oleh nilai penghambatan minyak atsiri sereh wangi (62-64%), dan kulit jerukbesar (14-19%). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri mempunyai potensi yang baik untuk dikembangkansebagai teknologi alternatif yang mempertimbangkan keamanan konsumen dan lingkunga

Pengaruh Minyak Cengkeh Terhadap Pertumbuhan Koloni Dan Sifat Antagonis Cendawan Gliocladium SP. Terhadap Fusarium Oxysporum F. SP. Cubense

Minyak cengkeh dan cendawan Gliocladium sp. diketahui memiliki potensi sebagai agens pengendali cendawan Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), penyebab penyakit layu pada tanaman pisang. Pengujian kompatibilitas antara minyak cengkeh dengan cendawan Gliocladium sp. perlu dievaluasi dalam rangka menyusun paket pengendalian terpadu terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengevaluasi pengaruh minyak cengkeh terhadap pertumbuhan koloni cendawan Gliocladium sp. dan daya hambatnya terhadap cendawan Foc ras 4. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika pada bulan Mei sampai Juli 2008. Perlakuan terdiri atas minyak cengkeh volume 3, 9, dan 18 µl disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa miselium cendawan Gliocladium sp. yang mendapat perlakuan minyak cengkeh masih mampu tumbuh hingga memenuhi ruang cawan petri. Jumlah konidia cendawan Gliocladium sp. yang diperlakukan dengan minyak cengkeh terbukti lebih sedikit dibanding cendawan yang tidak diperlakukan dengan minyak cengkeh. Cendawan Gliocladium sp. yang telah mendapat perlakuan minyak cengkeh masih memiliki sifat antagonistik yang efektif terhadap cendawan Foc. Efektivitas antagonisme cendawan tersebut tidak berbeda nyata dengan efektivitas antagonisme yang tidak diperlakukan dengan minyak cengkeh. Hasil ini memberikan harapan karena minyak cengkeh tidak memberikan efek negatif terhadap aktivitas Gliocladium sp., sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu komponen dalam program pengendalian secara terpadu penyakit layu Fusarium pada pisang. Namun masih diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh minyak cengkeh terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman.Clove essential oil and Gliocladium sp. are known to have the potency for controlling Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense (Foc) the causal agent of wilt banana disease. The compatibility of clove oil and Gliocladium sp. has to be evaluated to establish an integrated pest management against Fusarium disease. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of clove oil on the growth of Gliocladium sp. colony and the inhibition value of this fungus to Foc race 4. The experiment was conducted in the Plant Protection Laboratory of Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute from May to July 2008. The treatments were volumes of clove oil i.e. 3, 9, and 18 µl that were arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. The results showed that Gliocladium sp. mycelia treated with clove oil could still grow throughout the available space within petridish. However, Gliocladium sp. treated with this oil had lower number of conidia than that it was untreated. Gliocladium sp. treated with clove oil had still effective antagonism trait to Foc. This effectiveness was not significantly different from Gliocladium sp. that was untreated with clove oil. This result indicated that clove oil had good potency as a component in integrated control program against wilt disease on banana, because it did not have negative effect to Gliocladium sp. However, further research is still needed to evaluate the effect of clove oil to plant growth

Pengaruh Minyak Atsiri Asal Kulit Jeruk Manis Dan Besar Terhadap Perkembangan Tungau Panonychus Citri (Acarina: Tetranychidae) : The Effects Of Essential Oil Extracted From The Peel Of Sweet Orange And Pumello On The...

Abstract: P. citri (Acarina: Tetranychidae) is one ofthe economically important citrus pests in Indonesia However, the association ofthis pestwith its host is notwell understood.. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of essential oil extracted fromf sweet orange and pumello fruit peels on the development of P. citri. The research was conducted in the laboratory ofIP2TPTlekung Malang, using a complete random design consisted of six treatments. Fifteen mites were used for each treatment. The treatments were concentrations 10, 20, 40, and 80 ppm ofessential oil. Parafin was used as a positive control because it was a diluting solutionfor the essential oil. The control received no application. The result showed that the main content of essential oil extracted from sweet orange and pumello was limonene. The essential oils prolonged the life cycle and reduced the fecundity of P. citri. The effects of essential oil extracted from pumello were found to be more pronounced than were from sweet orange. These differences might be due to the differences in the composition of the volatile compounds other than limonene. Keywords: essential oil, sweet orange and pumello, P. cirr

Aktivitas Antijamur Minyak Atsiri terhadap Penyakit Antraknos Buah Pisang di Penyimpanan pada Kondisi Laboratorium

ABSTRAK. Antraknos yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum sp. merupakan penyakit penting yang menyerangbuah pisang pada penyimpanan. Teknologi yang direkomendasikan untuk mengendalikan penyakit ini adalah denganpenerapan perlakuan panas dan penggunaan fungisida. Teknologi alternatif yang mempertimbangkan keamanankonsumen dan lingkungan sangat diperlukan untuk menggantikan penggunaan fungisida. Tujuan penelitian adalahmengevaluasi aktivitas antijamur beberapa minyak atsiri yang diekstrak dari daun kayu manis, sereh wangi, dankulit jeruk besar terhadap penyakit antraknos. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Perlindungan Tanaman BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika pada suhu ruang mulai dari bulan Januari sampai Mei 2007. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri mampu menekan perkembangan miselium jamur Colletotrichum sp.. Minyakatsiri yang diekstrak dari daun kayu manis mempunyai nilai penghambatan tertinggi (65-72%) terhadap pertumbuhanmiselium Colletotrichum sp., diikuti oleh nilai penghambatan minyak atsiri sereh wangi (62-64%), dan kulit jerukbesar (14-19%). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri mempunyai potensi yang baik untuk dikembangkansebagai teknologi alternatif yang mempertimbangkan keamanan konsumen dan lingkunganABSTRACT. Istianto, M. and Eliza. 2009. Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils Against Anthracnose Disease onBanana Fruit During Storage at Laboratory Conditions. Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sp., is importantdisease attacking banana fruit during storage. The technologies recommended to control anthracnose were fungicideand heat treatment application. Alternative technologies that considered safe to consumer and environment areneeded to replace the use of fungicides. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate antifungal activity of essentialoils extracted from Cinnamomum burmanni, Cymbopogon nardus, and Citrus grandis against anthracnose disease.The experiment was conducted in the Plant Protection Laboratory of Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute atroom temperature from January to May 2007. The results showed that essential oils was able to suppress the growthof Colletotrichum sp’s mycelial. Essential oil extracted from C. burmanni had highest inhibition value (65-72%) tothe mycelial growth of Colletotrichum sp., followed by C. nardus (62-64%), and C. grandis (14-19%). This resultsindicated that essential oils had good potential to be developed as alternative technology to control anthracnose diseaseconsidering the consumer and environment safety

Spatial Distribution Pattern of the Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Dorsalis Complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Mango Orchard

The spatial distribution of Bactrocera dorsalis complex in the mango orchard that was analyzed using various mathematical indices dispersion and regression models showed an aggregated distribution. Taylor\u27s power law and Iwao\u27s regression model fitted well to all data sets. However, Iwao\u27s regression model fitted the data better, yielding higher values of R2 than Taylor\u27s power law. As the regression of the reciprocal of k of negative binomial (1/k) on x [k = ( x2 – s2/n) / (s2 – x )] was not significant, the calculation of a common k was justified to be 1.30. This implies that the grade of aggregation of the fruit flies population was relatively constant throughout the time despite the variation in sample means. Since the clump size (λ) value was more than 2, the aggregated distribution might be due to the behavior and environmental factors working together