Les reserves obligatoires a taux differencies et modulation de l’offre de monnaie en algerie (2001-2008).

Dans l’article on se propose de traiter de la question de la politique monétaire par une analyse de la politique des réserves obligatoires de la banque d’Algérie et ses effets sur la modulation de l’offre de la monnaie, ainsi que ses effets sur la volatilité du taux d’intérêt du marché interbancaire. On propose une analyse contrefactuelle d’une politique de réserves obligatoires à taux différenciés pour la banque d’Algérie.MOTS CLES : Politique monétaire, réserve obligatoire, taux d’intérêt, offre de monnaie centrale

Caracterization of the pulp of some crataegus Azarolus l.

Some physical, chemical and biochemical properties of an extracted oil of pulp of Crataeus azarolus L are presented.. Extracted oil was obtained according to two extraction ways and parameters are of fat matter were characterized. As far as results are concerned,we can classify oil of crataegus azarous L among plant oils type oleo-linoleic with a low content of vitamine E, in the range of 6.6mg/100g

Fear of floating and exchange rate pass through to inflation in Algeria

The purpose of this paper is twofold: (i) identify a "fear of floating" theory in Algeria using indicators defined in empirical studies of Calvo and Reinhart (2002) and Hausmann et al (2000) and (ii) examine empirically one of its explanations; a strength pass-through of devaluation on domestic prices. For results, US/DZ exchange rates and foreign reserves variability probabilities, on monthly data over 1990-2015 period, classify Algeria among fear of floating countries. The VAR model based on Mc Carty (2007), over quarterly data of 2000-2016 period, shows that a three stage of inflation; import, producer and consumer prices react at US/DZ and do not at EU/DZ exchange rate.Keywords: Exchange rate regime, inflation, pass-through, monetary policy, VAR mode

Analisis Efisiensi Teknis Dan Preferensi Risiko Usahatani Gambir Di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan

Gambir merupakan komoditi perkebunan unggulan yang memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi dan banyak dibudidayakan petani di Sumatera Barat. Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan merupakan daerah kedua sentral produksi gambir di Sumatera Barat. Usahatani gambir di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, salah satuya kendala bersifat teknis yaitu rendahnya produktivitas gambir pada periode 2016 hingga 2020. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi teknis, mengetahui sumber-sumber inefisiensi teknis dan menganalisis preferensi risiko petani pada usahatani gambir di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Survey dilakukan pada 60 sampel petani yang melakukan kegiatan panen dan pengolahan getah gambir pada periode Januari-Desember 2021 dan sampel dipilih secara non probability sampling. Alat analisa yang digunakan adalah model fungsi produktivitas frontier, fungsi risiko produksi dan fungsi inefisiensi teknis yang dikembangkan oleh Kumbhakar. Hasil penelitian ini adalah rata-rata efisiensi teknis usahatani gambir di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan yaitu 0,83. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa usahatani gambir sudah efisien secara teknis. Berdasarkan analisis sumber-sumber inefisiensi diperoleh bahwa sumber pendapatan lain dan status kepemilikan lahan secara nyata mampu menurunkan inefisiensi teknis. Pada keseluruhan input produksi menunjukkan bahwa preferensi risiko petani gambir di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan adalah risk averse

ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE BUILDINGS UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS

In this paper, the performances of a generic three dimensional 45m x 45m composite floor subjected to ISO834 Fire and Natural Fire are investigated. The influences of reinforcing steel mesh and vertical support conditions on the tensile membrane action of floor slabs are investigated in details. Two robust 2-node connection element models developed by the authors are used to model the behaviour of end-plate and partial end-plate connections of composite structures under fire conditions. The impact of connections on the 3D behaviour of composite floor is considered. Based on the results obtained, some design recommendations are proposed to enhance the fire safety design of composite buildings

A simplified model for modelling flexible end-plate connection in fire

In this paper a simplified robust 2-noded connection element has been developed for modelling the flexible end-plate connections at elevated temperatures. In this model, the two stage behaviours of flexible end-plate connection are considered. The model has the advantages of both the simple and component-based models. It is computationally efficient and has very good numerical stability under static solver conditions. A total of 14 tests are used to validate the model, demonstrating that this new connection model has the capability to accurately predict the behaviour of the flexible end-plate connections at elevated temperatures. The model can be used to simulate the flexible end-plate connections in real performance-based fire resistance design of steel-framed composite buildings

Dimensonial Instability of Cement-Bonded Particleboard: Behavior of Cement Paste And Its Contribution To The Composite

This paper examines the behavior of cement paste under constant and changing relative humidity (RH) conditions to evaluate the contribution of cement paste to the dimensional instability of cement-bonded particleboard (CBPB). It was found that the trend of changes in cement paste was very similar to, but the degree of changes was different from, that of CBPB at various exposures. The comparison of the results of cement paste with those of CBPB indicated that the inclusion of wood chips accelerated the carbonation reaction, and that carbonation of the cement paste exerted additional stresses on the wood chips in CBPB; this resulted in a slightly higher increase in mass but an appreciably greater decrease in the dimension of CBPB under constant 20°C/65% RH. The cement paste had considerably lower changes in mass and dimension with a single change in RH between 35 and 90% RH (except for the increase in mass on adsorption at 90% RH) compared to CBPB. The inflection in the relationship between mass and dimensional changes of cement paste was more distinct than that of CBPB with the change of mass per unit length change after the "inflection point" being about eight times higher than that of CBPB on desorption. Under cyclic RH, the response to the level of RH and the history of sorption was different between cement paste and CBPB, with the difference in dimensional change between adsorption and desorption being more significant, while the adsorption at 90% RH for the cement paste was considerably higher. Fitting of models previously developed to the data permitted the prediction of accumulated change of the cement paste with a good degree of fit and established the suitability of using these formulae for modelling CBPB as a composite to be described in a further paper in this series

Critical evaluation of date palm sheath fibre characteristics as a reinforcement for developing sustainable cementitious composites from waste materials

Decarbonizing the construction industry is an important step towards achieving the net-zero goals for many countries. New technologies and materials are extensively investigated and proposed to meet sustainability guidelines imposed by governments. This research develops a novel mix of sustainable pozzolanic cementitious composite ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS)) reinforced with date palm fibre (DPF) to evaluate the effect of varying DPF loading contents (1, 2, and 3 wt.%) and lengths (10, 20, 30, and 40 mm) on the mechanical (compressive and flexural strength) and physical properties (water absorption) of the produced composite. The effect of curing conditions and DPF surface modification on the mechanical and physical properties was also explored. The results showed that the utilization of DPF as a reinforcement for GGBS/OPC improves the flexural and compressive strength of the composites, which represents a sustainable alternative to synthetic reinforcements for construction applications. Optimal results were demonstrated at the inclusion of 20-mm alkali-treated DPF at a loading content of 1 wt.% showing an enhancement in strength by 57.12% and 30.97% of flexural and compressive strength, respectively, at 28 days of ageing in a water bath. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]</p