The performance evaluation of a 3D torus network using partial link-sharing method in NoC router buffer

The high performance network-on-chip (NoC) router using minimal hardware resources to minimize the layout area is very essential for NoC design. In this paper, we have proposed a memory sharing method of a wormhole routed NoC architecture to alleviate the area overhead of a NoC router. In the proposed method, a memory is shared by multiple physical links by using a multi-port memory. In this paper, we have proposed a partial link-sharing method and evaluated the communication performance using the proposed method. It is revealed that the resulted communication performance by the proposed methods is higher than that of the conventional method, and the progress ratio of the 3D-torus network is higher than that of 2D-torus network. It is shown that the improvement of communication performance using partial link sharing method is achieved with slightly increase of hardware cost. Copyright © 2017 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

The proposal of partial sharing for link-sharing method of buffer in NoC router

The memory is shared between multiple physical links by using the multi-port memory in the link sharing method of the wormhole routed network-on-chip architecture. By this link sharing method the communication performance is substantially improved with extra hardware cost. In this paper, we propose a partial sharing method of a memory by two physical links. It is shown that this limited capacity of memory sharing in this proposed partial sharing method significantly reduces the hardware cost with slight declination of hardware cost

Hot-spot traffic pattern on hierarchical 3D mesh network

A Hierarchical 3D-Mesh (H3DM) Network s a 2D-mesh network of multiple basic modules (BMs), in which the basic modules are 3D-torus networks that are hierarchically interconnected for higher-level networks. In this paper, we evaluate the dynamic communication performance of a H3DM network under hot-spot traffic pattern using a deadlock-free dimension order routing algorithm with minimum number of virtual channels. We have also evaluated the dynamic communication performance of the mesh and torus networks. It is shown that under most imbalance hot-spot traffic pattern H3DM network yields high throughput and low average transfer time than that of mesh and torus networks, providing better dynamic communication performance compared to those networks

Deep Investigations of Outer-Rise Tsunami Characteristics Using Well-Mapped Normal Faults Along the Japan Trench

To assess the risk of tsunamis from outer-rise earthquakes, we carried out tsunami simulations using 33 simple rectangular fault models with 60° dip angles based on marine seismic observations and surveys of the Japan Trench. The largest tsunami resulting from these models, produced by a Mw 8.7 normal-faulting event on a fault 332 km long, had a maximum height of 27.0 m. We tested variations of the predictions due to the uncertainties in the assumed parameters. Because the actual dip angles of the Japan Trench outer-rise faults range from 45° to 75°, we calculated tsunamis from earthquakes on fault models with 45°, 60°, and 75° dip angles. We also tested a compound fault model with 75° dip in the upper half and 45° dip in the lower half. Rake angles were varied by ±15°. We also tested models consisting of small subfaults with dimensions of about 60 km, models using other earthquake scaling laws, models with heterogeneous slips, and models incorporating dispersive tsunami effects. Predicted tsunami heights changed by 10–15% for heterogeneous slips, up to 10% for varying dip angles, about 5–10% from considering tsunami dispersion, about 2% from varying rake angles, and about 1% from using the model with small subfaults. The use of different earthquake scaling laws changed predicted tsunami heights by about 50% on average for the 33 fault models. We emphasize that the earthquake scaling law used in tsunami predictions for outer-rise earthquakes should be chosen with great care

Antarctic Circumpolar Current Fluctuation in the Late Neogene: constraint from sediment wave on the Conrad Rise, Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean

第3回極域科学シンポジウム　横断セッション「海・陸・氷床から探る後期新生代の南極寒冷圏環境変動」11月26日（月） 国立国語研究所 ２階講

The performance evaluation of 3D torus using link-sharing method in NoC router

In spite of much advancement in network-on-chip (NoC), area overhead further need to be explored and improved. Thus, a high performance router using minimum hardware circuits will not only reduce cost but also minimize the layout area. In this paper, we have proposed a memory sharing method, where a memory is shared by several physical links by using a multi-port memory. To show the superiority of the proposed link sharing method over the traditional method, we have evaluated the communication performance of a 3D torus network and compare it with different block size. It is shown that the communication performance by link-sharing method outperformed the traditional method

Spatial variations of incoming sediments at the northeastern Japan arc and their implications for megathrust earthquakes

The nature of incoming sediments is a key controlling factor for the occurrence of megathrust earthquakes in subduction zones. In the 2011 Mw 9 Tohoku earthquake (offshore Japan), smectite-rich clay minerals transported by the subducting oceanic plate played a critical role in the development of giant interplate coseismic slip near the trench. Recently, we conducted intensive controlled-source seismic surveys at the northwestern part of the Pacific plate to investigate the nature of the incoming oceanic plate. Our seismic reflection data reveal that the thickness of the sediment layer between the seafloor and the acoustic basement is a few hundred meters in most areas, but there are a few areas where the sediments appear to be extremely thin. Our wide-angle seismic data suggest that the acoustic basement in these thin-sediment areas is not the top of the oceanic crust, but instead a magmatic intrusion within the sediments associated with recent volcanic activity. This means that the lower part of the sediments, including the smectite-rich pelagic red-brown clay layer, has been heavily disturbed and thermally metamorphosed in these places. The giant coseismic slip of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake stopped in the vicinity of a thin-sediment area that is just beginning to subduct. Based on these observations, we propose that post-spreading volcanic activity on the oceanic plate prior to subduction is a factor that can shape the size and distribution of interplate earthquakes after subduction through its disturbance and thermal metamorphism of the local sediment layer

Induction of immune response in macaque monkeys infected with simian–human immunodeficiency virus having the TNF-α gene at an early stage of infection

AbstractTNF-α has been implicated in the pathogenesis of, and the immune response against, HIV-1 infection. To clarify the roles of TNF-α against HIV-1-related virus infection in an SHIV-macaque model, we genetically engineered an SHIV to express the TNF-α gene (SHIV-TNF) and characterized the virus's properties in vivo. After the acute viremic stage, the plasma viral loads declined earlier in the SHIV-TNF-inoculated monkeys than in the parental SHIV (SHIV-NI)-inoculated monkeys. SHIV-TNF induced cell death in the lymph nodes without depletion of circulating CD4+ T cells. SHIV-TNF provided some immunity in monkeys by increasing the production of the chemokine RANTES and by inducing an antigen-specific proliferation of lymphocytes. The monkeys immunized with SHIV-TNF were partly protected against a pathogenic SHIV (SHIV-C2/1) challenge. These findings suggest that TNF-α contributes to the induction of an effective immune response against HIV-1 rather than to the progression of disease at the early stage of infection

Host range and receptor utilization of canine distemper virus analyzed by recombinant viruses: Involvement of heparin-like molecule in CDV infection

AbstractWe constructed recombinant viruses expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or firefly luciferase from cDNA clones of the canine distemper virus (CDV) (a Japanese field isolate, Yanaka strain). Using these viruses, we examined susceptibilities of different cell lines to CDV infection. The results revealed that the recombinant CDVs can infect a broad range of cell lines. Infectivity inhibition assay using a monoclonal antibody specific to the human SLAM molecule indicated that the infection of B95a cells with these recombinant CDVs is mainly mediated by SLAM but the infection of 293 cell lines with CDV is not, implying the presence of one or more alternative receptors for CDV in non-lymphoid tissue. Infection of 293 cells with the recombinant CDV was inhibited by soluble heparin, and the recombinant virus bound to immobilized heparin. Both F and H proteins of CDV could bind to immobilized heparin. These results suggest that heparin-like molecules are involved in CDV infection

Relationship between sleep duration and clustering of metabolic syndrome diagnostic components

Sayuri Katano1, Yasuyuki Nakamura1,2, Aki Nakamura1, Yoshitaka Murakami3, Taichiro Tanaka4, Toru Takebayashi5, Akira Okayama6, Katsuyuki Miura2, Tomonori Okamura7, Hirotsugu Ueshima2, for HIPOP-OHP Research Group1Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan; 2Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; 3Department of Medical Statistics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; 4Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan; 5Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; 6The First Institute of Health Service, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, JapanObjective: To examine the relation between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome (MetS).Methods: We examined the baseline data from 4356 healthy workers (3556 men and 800 women) aged 19–69 years. The physical activity of each participant was classified according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). We defined four components of MetS diagnostic components in this study as follows: 1) high blood pressure (BP) systolic BP [SBP] ≥ 130 mmHg, or diastolic BP [DBP] ≥ 85 mmHg, or on medication; 2) dyslipidemia (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration ,40 mg/dL, or triglycerides concentration ≥150 mg/dL, or on medication; 3) impaired glucose tolerance (fasting blood sugar concentration ≥ 110 mg/dL, or if less than 8 hours after meals ≥ 140 mg/dL), or on medication; and 4) overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2), or obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). There were 680 participants in the group, with sleep duration <6 hours (15.6%).Results: Those who had 0–4 MetS diagnostic components, including overweight, accounted for 2159, 1222, 674, 255, and 46 participants, respectively, in the Poisson distribution. Poisson regression analysis revealed that independent factors that contributed to the number of MetS diagnostic components were being male (regression coefficient b = 0.752, P < 0.001), age (b = 0.026, P < 0.001), IPAQ classification (b = -0.238, P = 0.034), and alcohol intake (mL/day) (b = 0.018, P < 0.001). Short sleep duration (<6 hours) was also related to the number of MetS (b = 0.162, P < 0.001). The results of analyses with obesity component showed a similar association.Conclusion: Short sleep duration was positively associated with the number of MetS diagnostic components independent of other lifestyle habits.Keyword: short sleep duration, MetS diagnostic components, obesit