199 research outputs found

    Slim Disk Model for Soft X-Ray Excess and Variability of Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies

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    Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) exhibit extreme soft X-ray excess and large variability. We argue that both features can be basically accounted for by the slim disk model. We assume that a central black-hole mass in NLS1 is relatively small, M∼105βˆ’7MβŠ™M \sim 10^{5-7}M_\odot, and that a disk shines nearly at the Eddington luminosity, LEL_{\rm E}. Then, the disk becomes a slim disk and exhibits the following distinctive signatures: (1) The disk luminosity (particularly of X-rays) is insensitive to mass-flow rates, MΛ™\dot M, since the generated energy is partly carried away to the black hole by trapped photons in accretion flow. (2) The spectra are multi-color blackbody. The maximum blackbody temperature is Tbb≃0.2(M/105MβŠ™)βˆ’1/4T_{\rm bb} \simeq 0.2(M/10^5 M_\odot)^{-1/4} keV, and the size of the blackbody emitting region is small, r_{\rm bb} \lsim 3 r_{\rm S} (with rSr_{\rm S} being Schwarzschild radius) even for a Schwarzschild black hole. (3) All the ASCA observation data of NLS1s fall onto the region of MΛ™/(LE/c2)>10\dot M/(L_{\rm E}/c^2)>10 (with LEL_{\rm E} being the Eddington luminosity) on the (rbb,Tbbr_{\rm bb},T_{\rm bb}) plane, supporting our view that a slim disk emits soft X-rays at ∼LE\sim L_{\rm E} in NLS1s. (4) Magnetic energy can be amplified, at most, up to the equipartition value with the trapped radiation energy which greatly exceeds radiation energy emitted from the disk. Hence, energy release by consecutive magnetic reconnection will give rise to substantial variability in soft X-ray emission.Comment: 9 pages LaTeX including 4 figures, accepted to PASJ. e-mail to [email protected]

    Slim Disk Model for Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies

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    We argue that both the extreme soft X-ray excess and the large-amplitude variability of Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) can be explained in the framework of the slim disk model. When the disk luminosity approaches the Eddington luminosity, the disk becomes a slim disk, exhibiting a multi-color blackbody spectrum with a maximum temperature, T(bb), of about 0.2 (M/1e5 solar masses)e(-1/4) keV, and size of the X-ray emitting region, r(bb), of about R(S) (the Schwarzschild radius). Furthermore, magnetic energy can be amplified up to a level exceeding radiation energy emitted from the disk, causing substantial variability in X-rays by consecutive magnetic flares.Comment: Contributed talk presented at the Joint MPE,AIP,ESO workshop on NLS1s, Bad Honnef, Dec. 1999, to appear in New Astronomy Reviews; also available at http://wave.xray.mpe.mpg.de/conferences/nls1-worksho

    X-Ray Fluctuations from Locally Unstable Advection-Dominated Disks

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    The response of advection-dominated accretion disks to local disturbances is examined by one-dimensional numerical simulations. It is generally believed that advection-dominated disks are thermally stable. We, however, find that any disurbance added onto accretion flow at large radii does not decay so rapidly that it can move inward with roughly the free-fall velocity. Although disturbances continue to be present, the global disk structure will not be modified largely. This can account for persistent hard X-ray emission with substantial variations observed in active galactic nuclei and stellar black hole candidates during the hard state. Moreover, when the disturbance reaches the innermost parts, an acoustic wave emerges, propagating outward as a shock wave. The resultant light variation is roughly (time) symmetric and is quite reminiscent of the observed X-ray shots of Cygnus X-1.Comment: plain TeX, 11 pages, without figures; to be published in ApJ Lette

    A Study on the Thin Plate with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composite

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    In this paper we describe an experimental study, this article is to report fundamental data of constructions attained by carbon fiber reinforced hybrid composite of O.9mm in thickness whose resin base was reinforced. As a result of this series of test and experiments, it was found that; it is possible to attain reinforced resin base of hybrid composite of C.F.R.P. 16 times as much in rigidity against bending load as compared with that of single construction was observed with composite of O.9mm lamina. It was found that sandwich construction of C.F.R.P. is superior, while, in the case of canape construction, it was found necessary to have C.F.R.P. on the tension side. G.F.R.P. has possibility to be reinforced composite material, although it is considerably less superior to C.F.R.P

    ΠœΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Π·ΠΌΠΈ участі Ρ„Ρ–Π·Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— систСми сполучної Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρƒ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ– ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… процСсів

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    ДисСртація присвячСна Π²ΠΈΡ€Ρ–ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΈ встановлСння Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Ρ– стСрСотипних Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΉ сполучної Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ як Ρ„Ρ–Π·Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— систСми Π² Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсу. Π‘Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŒΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ– Π·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Ρ–Π½ΠΊΠΈ стану Ρ„Ρ–Π·Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— систСми сполучної Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρ‚Π° Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π° Ρ—Ρ— Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Ρƒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсу Π² ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ…Ρ–ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°Ρ… (Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Ρ–Π½ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡ–Π΄ΡˆΠ»ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠ·Π°) Ρ– кістковій Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½Ρ–. Π’ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ²Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π° Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ рСгуляторного ΡˆΠ»ΡΡ…Ρƒ RANK-RANKL-OPG ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ– ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ— Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊ, встановлСна ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ активація Ρ‚Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Π·Π°Ρ”ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π²'язку Π· ΠΏΡ€ΠΎ- Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΡ–Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Ρƒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ числі ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Π° корСляція ΠΌΡ–ΠΆ RANKL Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Ρ–Π±Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌ TGF-Ξ²1 (r = 0,61). ВиявлСні Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ– ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ– ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Π·ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ стану кісткової Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ Ρ„Ρ–Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρƒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Ρ–Π½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΡ–Π΄ΡˆΠ»ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ— Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²'язані Π·Ρ– зниТСнням Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— активності Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Ρ–Π². ВстановлСно, Ρ‰ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Π·ΠΌΠΈ гСмостазу Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ… процСсів Ρƒ сполучній Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½Ρ–. ΠœΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ пСрСнСсСння ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Ρ–Π·ΠΌ людини ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΡŽΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Ρ–Π½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ–Π°Π»Ρ–. ВиявлСна Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ стану Ρ„Ρ–Π·Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— систСми сполучної Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρƒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ ΡƒΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½Π΅Π½ΡŒ Ρ– Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Ρ–Π² Ρƒ Ρ…Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ… Π· Π³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡŽ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊ, встановлСна активація рСгуляторного ΡˆΠ»ΡΡ…Ρƒ RANK-RANKL-OPG Ρƒ Ρ…Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° Π³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ·. Показана взаємодія Ρ€Ρ–Π·Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Π·ΠΌΡ–Π² рСгуляції Ρ„Ρ–Π·Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— систСми сполучної Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ— ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Ρ–Π² ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ. На основі ΠΎΡ†Ρ–Π½ΠΊΠΈ стану Ρ„Ρ–Π·Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— систСми сполучної Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ– ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ прогнозування Ρ…Ρ–Ρ€ΡƒΡ€Π³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… ΡƒΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½Π΅Π½ΡŒ Ρ‚Π° Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Ρ–Π² Π·Π°Ρ…Π²ΠΎΡ€ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π· ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ…, Π½Π° основі якого Π·Π° допомогою Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Ρƒ встановлСні основні Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π² (Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ–Π²), які Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ основні напрямки ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсу, опосСрСдковані Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ Ρ„Ρ–Π·Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— систСми сполучної Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ. Π”ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π½Ρ– Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ– Π΄Π°Π½Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Π·ΠΌΠΈ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсу ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ…Π²ΠΎΡ€ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ… Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‰ΠΎ Π·ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΈ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ стану сполучної Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΊΡ–Π»ΡŒΠΊΡ–ΡΠ½ΠΎ зафіксовані Π½Π°Π²Ρ–Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρƒ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ– ΡƒΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсу Π² Π½Π΅Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π·Π° масою ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Ρ–. Π”ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π½Ρ– Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ– Π΄Π°Π½Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Ρ‚Π° ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΡ–Π½ΡŒ залучСності ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡŒ рСгуляторної Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ— Ρ„Ρ–Π·Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— систСми сполучної Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρƒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊ Π·Π°Ρ…Π²ΠΎΡ€ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½ΡŒ ΡˆΠ»ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-кишкового Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Ρƒ, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ числі Π΄ΡƒΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— Π²ΠΈΡ€Π°Π·ΠΊΠΈ. Показана Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Ρ– значСння зниТСння Ρ„Ρ–Π·Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Π·Π΅Ρ€Π²Ρ–Π² Ρ„Ρ–Π·Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— систСми сполучної Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ для Π·Π±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π² Π·Π°Ρ…Π²ΠΎΡ€ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ– Π² популяції. Π—Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡ†Ρ–Π½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π² для популяційного Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²'я насСлСння Π½Π° основі Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Ρƒ Ρ„Ρ–Π·Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Π·Π΅Ρ€Π²Ρ–Π² Ρ„Ρ–Π·Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— систСми сполучної Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ.ДиссСртация посвящСна Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ – установлСния Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ стСрСотипных Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ физиологичСской систСмы Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ патологичСского процСсса. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ рСгуляции Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… молСкулярных Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° модСлях ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² (ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ, подТСлудочная ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°) ΠΈ костной Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π² экспСримСнтС. Π’ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ пСрСноса ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ Π½Π° клиничСском ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ рСгуляции ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², активируСтся рСгуляторноС Π·Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎ костной Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ – ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ RANKRANKL-OPG, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ мСсто ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ коррСляция ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ RANKL ΠΈ висфатином (r = 0,48), профибротичСским TGF-Ξ²1 ΠΈ Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (r = 0,47). ΠœΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ дСструктивно-дистрофичСских ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ экскрСции оксипролина с ΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π° счСт связанной Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ патологичСского процСсса Π½Π° систСмный ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ опрСдСляСтся расстройством взаимодСйствия ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ с Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠœΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ влияния рСализуСтся Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· систСму Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ тСсныС коррСляционныС связи с Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π²Π΅Π½Π° гСмостаза. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ состояния костной Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, хроничСской ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ гСмостаза Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ„Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… процСссов Π² ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ проявляСтся сниТСниСм Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ активности Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ². Π’ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ установлСна активация рСгуляторного ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ RANK-RANKL-OPG, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² рСгулирования Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ физиологичСской систСмы ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ. Основой этого процСсса являСтся дисбаланс Π² систСмС Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² – IL-1RA, IL-17 ΠΈ висфатина, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ дисбаланс (ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ коррСляция) ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ уровнями TGF-Ξ²1 ΠΈ Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π° (r = - 0,29). Π£ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с обструктивной ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ‚ΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ послСопСрационных ослоТнСний зависят ΠΎΡ‚ стСпСни выраТСнности исходного дисбаланса Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ профиля, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС сниТСния уровня ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ обструкции Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ хроничСских Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ этой области ΡΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ появлСниСм Π² ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π» ΠΊ Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ вСсти ΠΊ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. На основС Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° коррСляционных связСй ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… стСрСотипныС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ рСгуляции физиологичСской систСмы ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ. Π“Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° 1 – соотвСтствуСт ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ физиологичСской систСмы ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ. Π‘Ρ€Ρ‹Π² этих Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΊ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ патологичСского процСсса ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ риска развития ослоТнСний ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ². К Π½Π΅ΠΉ относятся ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ висфатина, IL-4, IL-6, TGF-Ξ²1, масса ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ кости, ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° 10 мкмоль/Π», ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ основными молСкулярными посрСдниками срыва СстСствСнного тСчСния Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π“Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° 2 – соотвСтствуСт компСнсаторным ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ, Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ физиологичСской систСмы ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ достаточном ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ физиологичСских Ρ€Π΅Π·Π΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ, Π° Π½Π° систСмном ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ – компСнсировано. Π’ Π½Π΅Π΅ входят: ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ IL-1, IL-1RA, RANKL, ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ концСнтрациях ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° 2,5 ΠΈ 10 мкмоль/Π». ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ 2 ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΌΠΈ критСриями для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ сниТСния риска развития ослоТнСний Π² Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π“Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° 3 – соотвСтствуСт Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… процСссов Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ физиологичСской систСмы ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… задСйствовано Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ рСгулирования, со смСшСниСм Π² сторону прСобладания синтСза Π½Π°Π΄ распадом. Π“Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° 3 ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ IL-17, OPG, RANKL, Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°, всСх Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ оксипролина ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ концСнтрациях ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° 2,5 ΠΈ 5 мкмоль/Π». ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ этой Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ вовлСчСнности физиологичСской систСмы ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π² патологичСский процСсс Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ… стадиях Π΅Π³ΠΎ развития, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ донозологичСскиС состояния. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ… поврСТдСния ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ заболСвания выявляСтся Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ патологичСского процСсса физиологичСской систСмы ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΅Π΅ рСакция наряду с рСакциями Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ систСм ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ воспалСнии являСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² синдрома систСмного Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π° (SIRS). Π’ зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ рСактивности ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ особСнностСй поврСТдСния измСняСтся Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ процСсса ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡŒ вовлСчСния систСмы ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ являСтся Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ риска рСцидивирования. Π”ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ стСпСни вовлСчСния ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ диагностичСская Ρ†Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΅Ρ‘ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° (оксипролина ΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²) для Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ диагностики нСфросклСроза Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… хроничСским ΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ€Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ остСодистрофии Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с хроничСской ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ, патологичСских процСссов Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ интСнсивности Π² ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΊΠ΅; Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρƒ подростков с Π΄ΡƒΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ язвой, Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ остСопСниСй Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ дисплазии ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ. Π”ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ использования оксипролина, Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π» ΠΊ Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½Π° Π² качСствС молСкулярных ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² для диагностики донозологичСских состояний ΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ популяционного Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡ.Dissertation is devoted to solving the urgent problem of establishing the role of the stereotypical reactions of connective tissue as a physiological system in the development of the pathological processes. General principles for the assessment of the physiological system of connective tissue are formulated, and its role in the development of the pathological processes in the parenchymatous organs (kidney, liver, pancreas) and bone is determined. We first studied the role of regulatory path RANK-RANKL-OPG in experimental modeling of renal diseases, its activation and the relationship with pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including a positive correlation between RANKL and profibrogenic TGF-Ξ²1 (r = 0,61). New pathogenetic mechanisms of disturbances of condition of bone tissue are identified and development of fibrosis of the liver and pancreas, associated with a decrease in the functional activity of platelets is made. It is established that the hemostasis mechanisms influence the activation of proliferative processes in the connective tissue. Possibility of transferring the data on the person was specified on the clinical material. Role of the state of the physiological system of connective tissue in the development of complications and recurrences in patients with hydronephrotic transformation of the kidneys is detected; activation regulatory path RANKRANKL-OPG in patients with hydronephrosis is established. Interrelation of the various mechanisms of regulation of the physiological system of connective tissue in the development of pathology of the pancreatoduodenal zones’ organs is shown. Based on the assessment of the physiological system of connective tissue the methods for predicting surgical complications and recurrence of the disease are proposed. Conducted meta-analysis of the obtained data, on the basis of which with the help of factor analysis, the main groups of indicators (factors) are established, which reflect the main directions of the pathological process, mediated reactions in physiological system of the connective tissue. Augmented scientific data on the mechanisms of chronization of the pathological process in diseases of the kidneys is supplemented; it is shown that changes of the functional state of the connective tissue can be quantitatively recorded even in the case of a sluggish pathological process in the small mass organ. Augmented scientific data on the role and degree of involvement of the regulatory function damages of the physiological system of connective tissue in the development of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, including duodenal ulcer is supplemented. Role and significance of the decline in physiological reserves of the physiological system of connective tissue to increase the risk of morbidity in the population is shown. Method of risk assessment for population health based on the analysis of physiological reserves of the physiological system of the connective tissue is proposed

    Net-step exercise and depressive symptoms among the community-dwelling elderly in Japan

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    Introduction: Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and exercise have attracted attention as potential preventive factors against depression in the elderly. The net-step exercise (NSE) was developed in Hokkaido, Japan to assist elderly people with decreased physical functions. NSE is a non-aerobic, low-intensity, and slow balance motion LTPA. In the present study, the relationship between NSE and depressive symptoms among the community-dwelling elderly is examined. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design with community-dwelling elderly participants, aged 72?81 years (n = 672; mean age = 76.4 years). Participation in NSE and other LTPA, including walking, jogging, and park golf, a sport popular in Hokkaido, particularly among the elderly, was assessed. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Results: Univariate analysis showed that those participating in NSE more than once a month and those who reported engaging in walking or park golf more than once a week were less likely to report symptoms of depression. Multivariate analysis showed that NSE and walking had marginally significant (odds ratio (OR) = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.27?1.02) and significant (OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.40?0.93) inverse associations, respectively, with reports of depressive symptoms even after adjustments for age, sex, years of education, continuous walking for 15 min, experience of a fall in the past year, utilization of various long-term care services provided for the elderly, stroke, frequency of jogging, and park golf. Discussion: This study showed that participants engaging in NSE, which is a non-aerobic, low-intensity, and low frequency activity, had a marginally significantly inverse association with depressive symptoms. Longitudinal research should be conducted in the future

    Hassall’s corpuscles induce thymic IFNΞ± expression

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    Hassall’s corpuscles (HCs) are composed of cornifying, terminally differentiated medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) that are developed under the control of Aire. Here, we demonstrated that HC-mTECs show features of cellular senescence and produce inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including CXCL5, thereby recruiting and activating neutrophils to produce IL-23 in the thymic medulla. We further indicated that thymic plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) expressing IL-23 receptors constitutively produced Ifna, which plays a role in single positive (SP) cell maturation, in an Il23a-dependent manner. Neutrophil depletion with anti-Ly6G antibody injection resulted in a significant decrease of Ifna expression in the thymic pDCs, suggesting that thymic neutrophil activation underlies the Ifna expression in thymic pDCs in steady state conditions. A New Zealand White mouse strain showing HC hyperplasia exhibited greater numbers and activation of thymic neutrophils and pDCs than B6 mice, whereas Aire-deficient B6 mice with defective HC development and SP thymocyte maturation showed significantly compromised numbers and activation of these cells. These results collectively suggested that HC-mTECs with cell-senescence features initiate a unique cell activation cascade including neutrophils and pDCs leading to the constitutive IFNΞ± expression required for SP T-cell maturation in the thymic medulla

    Very low-density lipoprotein-apoprotein CI is increased in diabetic nephropathy: Comparison with apoprotein CIII

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    Very low-density lipoprotein-apoprotein CI is increased in diabetic nephropathy: Comparison with apoprotein CIII.BackgroundRecent studies have suggested that apoprotein (apo) CI in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) plays an important role in causing hypertriglyceridemia independent of apo CIII, which is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Because the incidence of CHD is increased in diabetic patients and is even higher when diabetic nephropathy is developed, we measured apo CI levels in VLDL from type 2 diabetic patients, with various degree of nephropathy, and compared the results with those for healthy controls or nondiabetic patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).MethodsThis study enrolled healthy control subjects, type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, overt proteinuria, and CRF on hemodialysis and nondiabetic hemodialyis patients. VLDL (density <1.006) was separated by ultracentrifugation. Then the apo CI, CIII, and B concentrations in VLDL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsThe apo CI, CIII, and B concentrations in VLDL were respectively 3-, 2-, and 2-fold higher, respectively, in diabetic patients with overt proteinuria than in controls. Hemodialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy had levels of apo CI, CIII, and B in VLDL that were 2.6-, 2.7- and 2-fold higher, respectively, than those in controls. Nondiabetic hemodialysis patients also had a 2.7-fold higher level of VLDL apo CIII, whereas VLDL apo CI and VLDL apo B were not significantly increased. VLDL apo CI was significantly correlated with VLDL apo B independently of VLDL apo CIII level.ConclusionAn increase of VLDL apo CIII is a prominent feature of dyslipidemia in CRF patients, regardless of whether they are diabetic or nondiabetic, whereas an increase of VLDL apo CI is more specific to diabetic nephropathy and is closely associated with an increase of VLDL particle numbers, a new risk factor for CHD
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