199 research outputs found
Slim Disk Model for Soft X-Ray Excess and Variability of Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) exhibit extreme soft X-ray excess and
large variability. We argue that both features can be basically accounted for
by the slim disk model. We assume that a central black-hole mass in NLS1 is
relatively small, , and that a disk shines nearly at
the Eddington luminosity, . Then, the disk becomes a slim disk and
exhibits the following distinctive signatures: (1) The disk luminosity
(particularly of X-rays) is insensitive to mass-flow rates, , since the
generated energy is partly carried away to the black hole by trapped photons in
accretion flow. (2) The spectra are multi-color blackbody. The maximum
blackbody temperature is keV,
and the size of the blackbody emitting region is small, r_{\rm bb} \lsim 3
r_{\rm S} (with being Schwarzschild radius) even for a
Schwarzschild black hole. (3) All the ASCA observation data of NLS1s fall onto
the region of (with being the Eddington
luminosity) on the () plane, supporting our view that a
slim disk emits soft X-rays at in NLS1s. (4) Magnetic energy
can be amplified, at most, up to the equipartition value with the trapped
radiation energy which greatly exceeds radiation energy emitted from the disk.
Hence, energy release by consecutive magnetic reconnection will give rise to
substantial variability in soft X-ray emission.Comment: 9 pages LaTeX including 4 figures, accepted to PASJ. e-mail to
[email protected]
Slim Disk Model for Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
We argue that both the extreme soft X-ray excess and the large-amplitude
variability of Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) can be explained in the
framework of the slim disk model. When the disk luminosity approaches the
Eddington luminosity, the disk becomes a slim disk, exhibiting a multi-color
blackbody spectrum with a maximum temperature, T(bb), of about 0.2 (M/1e5 solar
masses)e(-1/4) keV, and size of the X-ray emitting region, r(bb), of about R(S)
(the Schwarzschild radius). Furthermore, magnetic energy can be amplified up to
a level exceeding radiation energy emitted from the disk, causing substantial
variability in X-rays by consecutive magnetic flares.Comment: Contributed talk presented at the Joint MPE,AIP,ESO workshop on
NLS1s, Bad Honnef, Dec. 1999, to appear in New Astronomy Reviews; also
available at http://wave.xray.mpe.mpg.de/conferences/nls1-worksho
X-Ray Fluctuations from Locally Unstable Advection-Dominated Disks
The response of advection-dominated accretion disks to local disturbances is
examined by one-dimensional numerical simulations. It is generally believed
that advection-dominated disks are thermally stable. We, however, find that any
disurbance added onto accretion flow at large radii does not decay so rapidly
that it can move inward with roughly the free-fall velocity. Although
disturbances continue to be present, the global disk structure will not be
modified largely. This can account for persistent hard X-ray emission with
substantial variations observed in active galactic nuclei and stellar black
hole candidates during the hard state. Moreover, when the disturbance reaches
the innermost parts, an acoustic wave emerges, propagating outward as a shock
wave. The resultant light variation is roughly (time) symmetric and is quite
reminiscent of the observed X-ray shots of Cygnus X-1.Comment: plain TeX, 11 pages, without figures; to be published in ApJ Lette
A Study on the Thin Plate with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composite
In this paper we describe an experimental study, this article is
to report fundamental data of constructions attained by carbon fiber
reinforced hybrid composite of O.9mm in thickness whose resin base
was reinforced. As a result of this series of test and experiments,
it was found that; it is possible to attain reinforced resin base of
hybrid composite of C.F.R.P. 16 times as much in rigidity against
bending load as compared with that of single construction was observed
with composite of O.9mm lamina. It was found that sandwich construction
of C.F.R.P. is superior, while, in the case of canape construction,
it was found necessary to have C.F.R.P. on the tension
side. G.F.R.P. has possibility to be reinforced composite material,
although it is considerably less superior to C.F.R.P
ΠΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²
ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΊ ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ. Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ
ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°Ρ
(Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠ·Π°) Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
Ρ RANK-RANKL-OPG ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ, Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ·Π²'ΡΠ·ΠΊΡ Π· ΠΏΡΠΎ- ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ RANKL Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ TGF-Ξ²1 (r = 0,61). ΠΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²'ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Π·Ρ Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ². ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌ Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ. ΠΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ² Ρ Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
Π· Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ, Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
Ρ RANK-RANKL-OPG Ρ Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ·. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΡΠ² ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ² ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Ρ
ΡΡΡΡΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ² Π·Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
, Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² (ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ²), ΡΠΊΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π²ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π½Π΅Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π·Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠΏΡΠ½Ρ Π·Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Ρ Π΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ² ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² Π·Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²'Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ² ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ.ΠΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ β ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² (ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°) ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ β ΠΏΡΡΡ RANKRANKL-OPG, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ RANKL ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (r = 0,48), ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ TGF-Ξ²1 ΠΈ Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (r = 0,47). ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π²Π΅Π½Π° Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·Π°. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·Π° Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ². Π Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ RANK-RANKL-OPG, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² β IL-1RA, IL-17 ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½Ρ (ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ) ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ TGF-Ξ²1 ΠΈ Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° (r = - 0,29). Π£ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π» ΠΊ Π°ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° 1 β ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ. Π‘ΡΡΠ² ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ². Π Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°, IL-4, IL-6, TGF-Ξ²1, ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° 10 ΠΌΠΊΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π», ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° 2 β ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ, Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ, Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ β ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ. Π Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ: ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ IL-1, IL-1RA, RANKL, ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° 2,5 ΠΈ 10 ΠΌΠΊΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π». ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ 2 ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° 3 β ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π½Π°Π΄ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° 3 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ IL-17, OPG, RANKL, Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°, Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° 2,5 ΠΈ 5 ΠΌΠΊΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π». ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ
Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° (SIRS). Π Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° (ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²) Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π° Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ΅Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ΅; ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ·Π²ΠΎΠΉ, Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π» ΠΊ Π°ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½Π° Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ.Dissertation is devoted to solving the urgent problem of establishing the role of the stereotypical reactions of connective tissue as a physiological system in the development of the pathological processes. General principles for the assessment of the physiological system of connective tissue are formulated, and its role in the development of the pathological processes in the parenchymatous organs (kidney, liver, pancreas) and bone is determined. We first studied the role of regulatory path RANK-RANKL-OPG in experimental modeling of renal diseases, its activation and the relationship with pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including a positive correlation between RANKL and profibrogenic TGF-Ξ²1 (r = 0,61). New pathogenetic mechanisms of disturbances of condition of bone tissue are identified and development of fibrosis of the liver and pancreas, associated with a decrease in the functional activity of platelets is made. It is established that the hemostasis mechanisms influence the activation of proliferative processes in the connective tissue. Possibility of transferring the data on the person was specified on the clinical material. Role of the state of the physiological system of connective tissue in the development of complications and recurrences in patients with hydronephrotic transformation of the kidneys is detected; activation regulatory path RANKRANKL-OPG in patients with hydronephrosis is established. Interrelation of the various mechanisms of regulation of the physiological system of connective tissue in the development of pathology of the pancreatoduodenal zonesβ organs is shown. Based on the assessment of the physiological system of connective tissue the methods for predicting surgical complications and recurrence of the disease are proposed. Conducted meta-analysis of the obtained data, on the basis of which with the help of factor analysis, the main groups of indicators (factors) are established, which reflect the main directions of the pathological process, mediated reactions in physiological system of the connective tissue. Augmented scientific data on the mechanisms of chronization of the pathological process in diseases of the kidneys is supplemented; it is shown that changes of the functional state of the connective tissue can be quantitatively recorded even in the case of a sluggish pathological process in the small mass organ. Augmented scientific data on the role and degree of involvement of the regulatory function damages of the physiological system of connective tissue in the development of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, including duodenal ulcer is supplemented. Role and significance of the decline in physiological reserves of the physiological system of connective tissue to increase the risk of morbidity in the population is shown. Method of risk assessment for population health based on the analysis of physiological reserves of the physiological system of the connective tissue is proposed
Net-step exercise and depressive symptoms among the community-dwelling elderly in Japan
Introduction: Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and exercise have attracted attention as potential preventive factors against depression in the elderly. The net-step exercise (NSE) was developed in Hokkaido, Japan to assist elderly people with decreased physical functions. NSE is a non-aerobic, low-intensity, and slow balance motion LTPA. In the present study, the relationship between NSE and depressive symptoms among the community-dwelling elderly is examined. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design with community-dwelling elderly participants, aged 72?81 years (n = 672; mean age = 76.4 years). Participation in NSE and other LTPA, including walking, jogging, and park golf, a sport popular in Hokkaido, particularly among the elderly, was assessed. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Results: Univariate analysis showed that those participating in NSE more than once a month and those who reported engaging in walking or park golf more than once a week were less likely to report symptoms of depression. Multivariate analysis showed that NSE and walking had marginally significant (odds ratio (OR) = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.27?1.02) and significant (OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.40?0.93) inverse associations, respectively, with reports of depressive symptoms even after adjustments for age, sex, years of education, continuous walking for 15 min, experience of a fall in the past year, utilization of various long-term care services provided for the elderly, stroke, frequency of jogging, and park golf. Discussion: This study showed that participants engaging in NSE, which is a non-aerobic, low-intensity, and low frequency activity, had a marginally significantly inverse association with depressive symptoms. Longitudinal research should be conducted in the future
Hassallβs corpuscles induce thymic IFNΞ± expression
Hassallβs corpuscles (HCs) are composed of cornifying, terminally differentiated medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) that are developed under the control of Aire. Here, we demonstrated that HC-mTECs show features of cellular senescence and produce inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including CXCL5, thereby recruiting and activating neutrophils to produce IL-23 in the thymic medulla. We further indicated that thymic plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) expressing IL-23 receptors constitutively produced Ifna, which plays a role in single positive (SP) cell maturation, in an Il23a-dependent manner. Neutrophil depletion with anti-Ly6G antibody injection resulted in a significant decrease of Ifna expression in the thymic pDCs, suggesting that thymic neutrophil activation underlies the Ifna expression in thymic pDCs in steady state conditions. A New Zealand White mouse strain showing HC hyperplasia exhibited greater numbers and activation of thymic neutrophils and pDCs than B6 mice, whereas Aire-deficient B6 mice with defective HC development and SP thymocyte maturation showed significantly compromised numbers and activation of these cells. These results collectively suggested that HC-mTECs with cell-senescence features initiate a unique cell activation cascade including neutrophils and pDCs leading to the constitutive IFNΞ± expression required for SP T-cell maturation in the thymic medulla
Very low-density lipoprotein-apoprotein CI is increased in diabetic nephropathy: Comparison with apoprotein CIII
Very low-density lipoprotein-apoprotein CI is increased in diabetic nephropathy: Comparison with apoprotein CIII.BackgroundRecent studies have suggested that apoprotein (apo) CI in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) plays an important role in causing hypertriglyceridemia independent of apo CIII, which is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Because the incidence of CHD is increased in diabetic patients and is even higher when diabetic nephropathy is developed, we measured apo CI levels in VLDL from type 2 diabetic patients, with various degree of nephropathy, and compared the results with those for healthy controls or nondiabetic patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).MethodsThis study enrolled healthy control subjects, type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, overt proteinuria, and CRF on hemodialysis and nondiabetic hemodialyis patients. VLDL (density <1.006) was separated by ultracentrifugation. Then the apo CI, CIII, and B concentrations in VLDL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsThe apo CI, CIII, and B concentrations in VLDL were respectively 3-, 2-, and 2-fold higher, respectively, in diabetic patients with overt proteinuria than in controls. Hemodialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy had levels of apo CI, CIII, and B in VLDL that were 2.6-, 2.7- and 2-fold higher, respectively, than those in controls. Nondiabetic hemodialysis patients also had a 2.7-fold higher level of VLDL apo CIII, whereas VLDL apo CI and VLDL apo B were not significantly increased. VLDL apo CI was significantly correlated with VLDL apo B independently of VLDL apo CIII level.ConclusionAn increase of VLDL apo CIII is a prominent feature of dyslipidemia in CRF patients, regardless of whether they are diabetic or nondiabetic, whereas an increase of VLDL apo CI is more specific to diabetic nephropathy and is closely associated with an increase of VLDL particle numbers, a new risk factor for CHD
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EGF-Like-Domain-7 Is Required for VEGF-Induced Akt/ERK Activation and Vascular Tube Formation in an Ex Vivo Angiogenesis Assay
EGFL7 is a secreted angiogenic factor, which in contrast to the well-known secreted angiogenic molecules VEGF and FGF-2, is almost exclusively expressed by endothelial cells and may act in an autocrine fashion. Prior studies have shown EGFL7 to mediate its angiogenic effects by interfering with the Notch pathway and/or via the intronic miR126. Less is known about its effects on VEGF signaling. We wanted to investigate the role of epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) in VEGF-driven angiogenesis using an ex vivo Matrigel-embedded mouse eye cup assay and siRNA mediated knockdown of EGFL7 by siRNA. Our results suggested that VEGF-induced vascular tube formation was significantly impaired after siRNA downregulation of EGFL7. In addition, knockdown of EGFL7 suppressed VEGF upregulation of phospho-Akt and phospho-Erk(1/2) in endothelial cells, but did not alter VEGFR phosphorylation and neuropilin-1 protein expression or miR126 expression. Thus, in conclusion, EGFL7 is required for VEGF upregulation of the Akt/Erk (1/2) pathway during angiogenesis, and may represent a new therapeutic target in diseases of pathological neovascularization
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