CYP1B1 promotes tumorigenesis via altered expression of CDC20 and DAPK1 genes in renal cell carcinoma.

BackgroundCytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) has been shown to be up-regulated in many types of cancer including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Several reports have shown that CYP1B1 can influence the regulation of tumor development; however, its role in RCC has not been well investigated. The aim of the present study was to determine the functional effects of CYP1B1 gene on tumorigenesis in RCC.MethodsExpression of CYP1B1 was determined in RCC cell lines, and tissue microarrays of 96 RCC and 25 normal tissues. To determine the biological significance of CYP1B1 in RCC progression, we silenced the gene in Caki-1 and 769-P cells by RNA interference and performed various functional analyses.ResultsFirst, we confirmed that CYP1B1 protein expression was significantly higher in RCC cell lines compared to normal kidney tissue. This trend was also observed in RCC samples (p < 0.01). Interestingly, CYP1B1 expression was associated with tumor grade and stage. Next, we silenced the gene in Caki-1 and 769-P cells by RNA interference and performed various functional analyses to determine the biological significance of CYP1B1 in RCC progression. Inhibition of CYP1B1 expression resulted in decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion of RCC cells. In addition, reduction of CYP1B1 induced cellular apoptosis in Caki-1. We also found that these anti-tumor effects on RCC cells caused by CYP1B1 depletion may be due to alteration of CDC20 and DAPK1 expression based on gene microarray and confirmed by real-time PCR. Interestingly, CYP1B1 expression was associated with CDC20 and DAPK1 expression in clinical samples.ConclusionsCYP1B1 may promote RCC development by inducing CDC20 expression and inhibiting apoptosis through the down-regulation of DAPK1. Our results demonstrate that CYP1B1 can be a potential tumor biomarker and a target for anticancer therapy in RCC

審査論文 パルセーター型およびドラム式洗濯機の洗浄性

同一メーカーが同時期に販売したパルセーター型およびドラム式洗濯機を用い、洗剤濃度、洗浄温度、洗浄時間、浴比について種々の条件を設定し、実際の洗濯系を想定した模擬洗濯物に人工汚染布を添付して洗濯を行った。両洗濯機における洗浄効果について検討し両機種の洗浄特性を見出し、良好な洗浄効果が得られる洗濯条件について考察した。　その結果、同程度の機械力を有するパルセーター型とドラム式においては、後者は標準使用量以上の洗剤を使用しても洗浄効果の増大は認められず、洗浄性向上に寄与しないことが示唆された。一方、低浴比の条件においてはパルセーター型に比べドラム式は洗浄効率が高くなることが認められた。また、ドラム式においても、浴比1 ： 6 以下の条件では洗剤濃度0 ％すなわち洗剤が介在しない場合の洗浄効率と同程度しか得られないことから、極端な低浴比条件では洗浄効果は期待できないことが示唆された

洗濯条件が衣類のしわの発生に及ぼす影響

衣服のしわには着用しわと洗濯しわがあるが、本研究では洗濯しわに着目し、洗濯工程すなわち洗浄、脱水、乾燥における種々の条件が衣類のしわの発生におよぼす影響について検討した。また、洗浄方式が異なる2種の洗濯乾燥機（パルセーター式、ドラム式）を用い、洗浄方式の違いによる洗濯しわへの影響についても比較検討を行った。　その結果、パルセーター式、ドラム式ともに、洗浄温度が高温になると組成にポリエステルが含まれる織物、編物はしわが発生しやすくなった。また、両機種ともに浴比が小さくなると、綿100％組成の織物は洗濯しわが付きやすくなる傾向が見られた。現在、節水型洗浄に伴い低浴比化が進んでいるが、繊維組成によっては過度な低浴比化は望ましくないことが示唆された。また、2機種の洗浄時間、温度、浴比、脱水時間、乾燥方法の条件を同一として処理し、洗濯しわの評価を試みた結果、本実験で使用した洗濯機種の場合、パルセーター式に比べてドラム式の方が、しわ評価値は低く、しわが発生しにくかった。洗濯条件に加え、洗浄方式によって洗濯しわ発生への影響が異なることが示唆された。また、そのような傾向はポリエステルおよびその混紡織物において顕著であった

トクシマ ダイガク ビョウイン ニ オケル ジュウショウ キンムリョクショウ 101 レイ ノ ケントウ

Thymectomy is an established treatment for seropositive（ACh-R antibodies positive） myasthenia gravis（MG）in younger patients, but an review described the effectiveness of thymectomy without thymoma remains as uncertain. To investigate the clinical course of MG in association with thymus and to develop a better strategy for MG treatment, we reviewed 101 MG patients who had taken therapies in our hospital between 1986 and 2006. Recently, late-onset MG patients had increased. A few MG patients without thymoma, in particular, hyperplasia had good clinical courses after thymectomy. So, we can’t exclude thymectomy from therapeutic options in patients without thymoma. We should select an appropriate strategy for individual cases, because MG has heterogeneous characters with in age at onset, thymic changes, and patterns of muscle weakness

Recognition of the "team medical-care" in medical field.

チーム医療に対して高い関心が寄せられていることから,チーム医療として認識される具体的な事柄や各職種に対する認識,その利点や職種間の認識の違いなどを明らかにする目的で,岡山県内の病院の看護師,診療放射線技師,臨床検査技師,計652名に対してアンケート調査を行った｡有効回答者数470名で,その内訳は看護師207名,診療放射線技師91名,臨床検査技師172名であった｡結果はチーム医療と認識される具体的な事柄については,異業種間カンファレンスがチーム医療を促進する事柄として認識されているが,整備･実施されていないことがうかがえた｡各職種に対する認識については,職種別･経験年数別にみても,医師,看護師,理学･作業療法士はチーム医療のメンバーとして認識されている割合が高かった｡また,経験年数別では,10～14年の人までは統計上ややばらつきがみられるが,経験年数15年以上の人はあらゆる職種をチーム医療のメンバーであると考え,その重要性を認識していることがわかった｡チーム医療の利点については,どの職種も共通して｢患者中心の医療｣と考えている割合が高かった｡Recently, the "team medical-care" has been received increasing attention in medical field. Therefore we have to develop a clear understanding of "team medical-care". The purpose of this study is to investigate things regarded as "team medical-care" by co-medical, recognition of other category of license, the advantages of "team medical-care" and recognition against the "team medical-care" by different category of license. Total 652 nurses, clinical radiological technologists and clinical laboratory technologists who are working at 8 hospitals in Okayama prefecture were examined by using questionnaire and 470 members (72.1%) responded to it. They were nurses 207 (44.0%), clinical radiological technologists 91 (19.4%), clinical laboratory technologists 172 (36.6%). Majority of respondents recognized that the medical conference consisted of different category of license promoted the "team medical-care", and ninety percent of participants prompted more frequent medical conference. In both by category of license and years of experience, they regarded doctor, nurse, physical therapist and occupational therapist as the menber of the "team medical-care" at high rate. The respondences which have over 15 years of experience regarded all category of license as the menber of the "team medical-care", while the respondences which have less than 10 to 14 years of experience showed disperision of the recongnition. The advantages of "team medical-care" were highly perceived as "patient-centered medical care" by all category of license

高齢で発症した重症筋無力症は重症化しやすい

Objective: The continuous increase in the number of patients presenting with late-onset myasthenia gravis (LOMG) underscores the need for a better understanding of the clinical course and the establishment of an optimal therapeutic strategy. We aimed to clarify factors associated with clinical outcomes in LOMG. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical profiles of 40 patients with early-onset MG (EOMG) (onset age: 49 years or younger), 30 patients with non-elderly LOMG (onset age: 50–64 years), and 28 patients with elderly LOMG(onset age: 65 years or older) and compared the subgroups according to onset age and thymus status. The evaluated parameters were MGFA classification before treatment, MG-ADL score, complicating diseases, antibody titer, treatment, and MGFA post-intervention status. Results: Elderly LOMG patients showed transition to generalized symptoms at a higher frequency and underwent thymectomyless frequently than EOMG and non-elderly LOMG patients (p < 0.001). The frequencies of crisis and plasmapheresis were significantly lower in thymectomized LOMG patients without thymoma than in thymectomized LOMG patients with thymoma or non-thymectomized LOMG patients (p < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). However, the outcome was not significantly different. All of the thymectomized LOMG patients without thymoma presenting with hyperplasia or thymic cyst had a favorable clinical course. Conclusions: Our study showed that elderly LOMG patients are more prone to severity, suggesting that they require aggressive immunomodulatory therapy

The Effect of Interim FDG-PET-guided Response-Adapted Therapy in Pediatric Patients with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL-14) : Protocol for a Phase II Study

This trial enrolls patients with untreated Hodgkin’s lymphoma aged<20 years at diagnosis and examines the effects of omitting radiation therapy if the FDG-positron emission tomography (PET) findings after two completed cycles of combination chemotherapy are negative. It thereby aims to determine whether patients who truly require radiation therapy can be identified by FDG-PET. If so, this modality could be used to omit radiation therapy for all other patients, decreasing the risk of serious long-term complications without affecting survival rates. The outcomes of patients for whom FDG-PET is used to assess early treatment response will also be determined

Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Cryoablation of Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Renal Allograft: First Case in Asia

Nephron-sparing treatment should be offered whenever possible to avoid dialysis in allograph cases. Cryoablation is a new treatment option for treating small-sized renal cell cancer (RCCs). We report a case of RCC arising in a kidney allograft treated by cryoablation. To our knowledge, this is the first case in Asia of RCC in a renal allograft treated using cryoablation. Contrast-enhanced CT-guided percutaneous renal needle biopsy and cryoablation were used to identify the RCC, which could not be identified by other techniques. The postoperative course was uneventful. Contrast-enhanced CT also showed no recurrence or metastases at the 6-month follow-up

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Association between Maternal Characteristics and Immune Factors TGF-&beta;1, TGF-&beta;2, and IgA in Colostrum: An Exploratory Study in Japan

Colostrum is the first food for newborns and it contains various crucial immune factors. The concentrations of immune factors in breast milk may change depending on maternal characteristics such as body mass index, collection day, and age at first pregnancy. In this exploratory study, we investigated the association between TGF-&beta;1, TGF-&beta;2, and IgA in colostrum and rarely studied factors that affect breast milk components, including the use of labor-inducing medication, colostrum secretion, sex of newborns, breast or nipple problems, and nipple care. Breast milk samples were collected from 42 mothers and analyzed for TGF-&beta;1, TGF-&beta;2, and IgA. The results suggest that parity and mode of delivery may be correlated with the concentrations of immune factors in colostrum. However, we found no association between the immune factors in colostrum and the use of labor-inducing medications, colostrum secretion, sex of newborns, breast or nipple problems, and nipple care. These findings have some implications for further analysis of the effects of immune factors in breast milk on the prognosis of allergies in children