Inventory of macrofungi at peat swamp forest area, Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan

The areas surrounding peat swamp forest at Dusun Meliau and Bukit Peninjau, Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan host a diverse species of flora and fauna, including macrofungi. However, the information on the macrofungal diversity in this area has not been reported. The goal of this study was to obtain information on the diversity of macrofungi that can be used as food and medicine. Data was collected by direct modified collection method using plot (10 × 20 m) with interval 10 m along the transect line. A total of 79 specimens of macrofungi discovered from the two locations, of which 23 and 66 specimens were collected from Dusun Meliau and Bukit Peninjau, respectively. Of the 79 macrofungi specimens, 16 specimens were potential as a food source, and 41 as medicine. The macrofungi in this study was dominated by members of Ordo Aphyllophorales

Studi Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung Di Kawasan Ekoeduwisata Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Ciliwung

The limited study of bird in The Ecoturism area of Ciliwung watershed has led to the inability of the management  authority to inform the community about diversity of birds in this area. The purpose of this study is to find out the composition, abundance, and diversity of bird species. The research was carried out in March – July 2021 at 14 observation points divided into 2 research stations called: Saung Matpeci and Shibi. Saung Matpeci Station has five observation points, and Shibi Station has nine observation points. The method used was Point Count method. and the bird diversity was analysid using the Shannon-Wiener Index. There were 518 individuals consisting of 38 species, 26 genera and 19 families of birds. The highest bird abundance value in this area was 0,247 and the lowest abundance was 0,002. The diversity of bird in this area was classified  into moderate category (2,54). The Brontok eagle (Nisaetus cirrhatus) and The Striped fan (Rhipidura javanica) are protected birds in IndonesiaThe limited study of birds in The Ecotourism area of the Ciliwung watershed has led to the inability of the management authority to inform the community about the diversity of birds in this area. The purpose of this study is to find out the composition, abundance, and diversity of bird species. The research was carried out in March – July 2021 at 14 observation points divided into 2 research stations called: Saung Matpeci and Shibi. Saung Matpeci Station has five observation points, and Shibi Station has nine observation points. The method used was the Point Count method. and the bird diversity was analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener index. There were 518 individuals consisting of 38 species, 26 genera, and 19 families of birds. The highest bird abundance value in this area was 0,247 and the lowest abundance was 0,002. The diversity of birds in this area was classified into a moderate category (2,54). The Brontok eagle (Nisaetus cirrhatus) and The Striped fan (Rhipidura javanica) are protected birds in Indonesia

Analisis keragaman genetik ikan Ringau (Datnioides microlepis) populasi Kalimantan Barat dan Sumatera Selatan menggunakan penanda RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA)

Ikan Ringau (Datnioides microlepis) merupakan ikan asli Indonesia yang dapat ditemukan di pulau Kalimantan dan Sumatera. Ikan ini memiliki nilai ekonomi yang cukup tinggi. Tingginya permintaan ikan ini dan pemenuhannya hanya dapat mengandalkan dari hasil tangkapan alam. Hal ini berpotensi meningkatkan status kerentanannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai keragaman genetik ikan Ringau antar populasi Kalimantan Barat dan Sumatera Selatan. Salah satu metode yang dapat dilakukan untuk melakukan penilaian variasi genetik antar populasi adalah dengan menggunakan Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Metode ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi dasar dalam pengembangan kegiatan pengelolaan ikan Ringau secara berkelanjutan. Primer yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah OPZ 13, OPC 2, OPB 7, OPZ 5, dan OPH 12. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai heterozigositas populasi Kalimantan Barat dan Sumatera Selatan adalah 0,2567 dan 0,2817. Sedangkan derajat polimorfisme adalah 66,67% dan 75%. Hasil uji perbandingan berpasangan Fst menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetic antar populasi Kalimantan Barat dan Sumatera Selatan tidak berbeda nyata (p>0,05) dengan nilai jarak genetik yaitu 0,1248. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Keragaman genetic Ikan Ringau (D. microlepis.) yang ditemukan pada populasi Kalimantan Barat dan Sumatera Selatan berdasarkan prosentase polimorfisme dan nilai heterozigositas termasuk dalam keragaman yang relative sedang. Berdasarkan jarak genetic dan uji perbandingan Fst Ikan Ringau (D. microlepis.) yang ditemukan pada populasi Kalimantan Barat dan Sumatera Selatan berasal dari satu nenek moyang yang sama dan tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata antar populasi. Informasi ini bermanfaat untuk pengembangan konservasi eksitu dan pemuliaan ikan pada penelitian selanjutny

Pemahaman Keanekaragaman Hayati Pada Guru Dan Penggunaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Dalam Pembelajaran Keanekaragaman Hayati

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemahaman guru terhadap konsep keanekaragaman hayati dan hubungannya dengan penggunaan RTH sebagai media belajar untuk mengenalkan keanekaragaman hayati kepada siswa di wilayah perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemahaman konservasi keanekaragaman hayati guru IPA Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri Adiwiyata dan Non Adiwiyata di Jakarta Selatan dan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara pemahaman konservasi keanekaragaman hayati atau jarak sekolah dengan ruang terbuka hijau terhadap penggunaan ruang terbuka hijau sebagai media pembelajaran konservasi keanekaragaman hayati. Persentase nilai tanggapan “Sangat Baik” pada pemahaman konservasi keanekaragaman hayati diperoleh responden yang berasal dari sekolah Adiwiyata adalah 80%, sedangkan pada guru sekolah Non Adiwiyata memperoleh nilai tanggapan “Sangat Baik” sebesar 60%. Hubungan antara jarak RTH dengan penggunaan RTH sebagai media belajar pada guru SMPN Adiwiyata lemah (r= 0,447) dan hubungan yang kuat (r= 0,745) pada guru SMPN Non Adiwiyata. Hubungan antara pemahaman konservasi keanekaragaman hayati dengan penggunaan RTH sebagai media belajar pada guru sekolah Adiwiyata dan Non Adiwiyata menunjukkan nilai negatif namun lebih besar dari -0,5 hal ini menunjukkan hubungan yang lemah baik pada guru sekolah Adiwiyata dan pada guru sekolah Non Adiwiyata.This study aims to determine the teacher's understanding of the biodiversity concept and its relationship to the use of green space as a learning media to introduce biodiversity to students in urban areas. This study aims to determine the understanding of biodiversity conservation for science teachers at Adiwiyata and Non Adiwiyata State Junior High Schools in South Jakarta and to determine the relationship between understanding of biodiversity conservation or the distance between schools and green spaces on the use of green spaces as learning media for biodiversity conservation. The percentage of "Very Good" responses on understanding biodiversity conservation obtained by respondents from Adiwiyata schools was 80%, while teachers from Non Adiwiyata schools received "Very Good" responses of 60%. The relationship between the distance of green open space and the use of green open space as a learning medium for SMPN Adiwiyata teachers is weak (r= 0.447) and a strong relationship (r= 0.745) for non-Adiwiyata junior high school teachers. The relationship between understanding biodiversity conservation and the use of green space as a learning media for Adiwiyata and Non Adiwiyata school teachers shows a negative value but is greater than -0.5, this indicates a weak relationship for both Adiwiyata school teachers and Non Adiwiyata school teachers

DISEMINASI HASIL RISET KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI UNTUK MASYARAKAT MELALUI PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN KONSERVASI

Indonesia, walaupun sebagai negara yang kaya akan keragaman hayati, namun dewasa ini mengalami berbagai tekanan terhadap keanekaragaman ini.Tekanan-tekanan ini bersumber dari dua masalah utama yaitu pertama, pembangunan yang tanpa memperhatikan keseimbangan alam sehingga telah menimbulkan perubahan yang merusak, dan kedua, meningkatnya populasi (penduduk).Perlu langkah-langkah untuk melestarikan alam dan fungsinya di Indonesia, secara serentak dan lintas sektoral {total football),demi meningkatkan daya dukung alam itu sendiri.Oleh karena itu, pelestarian alam ini harus menjadi pola perilaku hidup.Untuk membentuk pola perilaku ini perlu dilaksanakan 2 program utama yaitu a) pendidikan pelestarian alam dan lingkungan dan b) pendidikan etika dan moral.Pendidikan konservasi dan lingkungan selain sebagai langkah awal dalam strategi pelestarian alam, juga dipandang sebagai salah satu media untuk desiminasi hasil riset dan pengembangan dalam bidang keanekagaraman hayati.Aspek diseminasi dibahas dalam makalah ini

PENGGUNAAN POHON TIDUR MONYET EKOR PANJANG (Macaca fascicularis) DI HUTAN LINDUNG ANGKE KAPUK DAN EKOWISATA MANGROVE PANTAI INDAH KAPUK JAKARTA

Abstrak Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan pohon tidur monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis). Penelitian menggunakan metode Pencatatan Perjumpaan Langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Hutan Lindung Angke Kapuk  (HLAK) hanya terdapat sekelompok monyet ekor panjang yang berjumlah 26 individu dengan komposisi: 1 jantan alfa, 3  jantan dewasa, 4 betina dewasa, 4 bayi, dan 14 remaja. Ada 15 jenis tumbuhan mangrove di HLAK dan kelompok monyet ekor panjang hanya memanfaatkan satu pohon Rhizophora apiculata untuk tidur, dengan ketinggian 16 m dan berjarak 10 m dari tepi jalan. Pada kawasan Ekowisata Mangrove Pantai Indah Kapuk (EMPIK) terdapat sekelompok monyet ekor panjang yang berjumlah 13 individu dengan komposisi: 1 jantan alfa, 1 jantan dewasa, 3 betina dewasa, dan 8 remaja. Ada 8 jenis tumbuhan mangrove di EMPIK dan kelompok monyet ekor panjang yang memanfaatkan hanya satu pohon Avicennia officinalis untuk tidur, dengan ketinggian 20 m dan berjarak 5 m dari tepi danau. Abstract The study aims to determine the use of roosting trees by long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis). The recording method used is the Direct Encounter. The results showed that in Hutan Lindung Angke Kapuk  (HLAK) there was only a group of the long-tailed macaque with a total of 26 individuals comprised of: 1 alpha male, 3 adult males, 4 adult females, 4 infants, and 14 juveniles. There were 15 species of mangrove plants in HLAK and a group of long-tailed macaque utilized only one tree Rhizophora apiculata to sleep, which is characterized by approximately 10 m high and located 10 m from the edge of the road. In the area of Ekowisata Mangrove Pantai Indah Kapuk (EMPIK), there was a group of the long-tailed macaque with 13 individuals, the composition as follows: one alpha male, one adult male, 3 female adult females, and 8 juveniles. There were 8 species of mangrove plants in EMPIK and a group of long-tailed macaque utilized only one tree Avicennia officinalis to sleep, which is characterized by approximately 20 m high and approximately 5 m from the edge of the lake

Fecal temperature of wild and captive Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) as a proxy for body temperature

Primate health status affects individual fitness and survival, yet is difficult to noninvasively investigate in the wild. Using a method tested on chimpanzees and humans, we estimated temperature of fecal samples of Bornean orangutans as a proxy for body temperature. Upon defecation, we recorded peak internal temperature of the samples. Estimated body temperature was influenced by height of defecation (r= -0.23, N= 95, P= 0.0004) and sample weight (r= 0.23, N= 75, P= 0.0475). These estimates were not affected by sex (F(2,92)= 0.431, P= 0.651) or weather (F(2,92)= 1.175, P= 0.313). Our method allowed for fast, consistent sampling, such that time from defecation to collection did not affect the results (r= -0.074, N= 95, P= 0.468), confirming reliable fecal temperatures can be collected from orangutans. We compare our results from the field to captive fecal samples, finding higher body temperatures in captivity. From our samples (N=95), orangutans appear to have a lower internal body temperature (33.44 ± 1.74 °C) on average than either chimpanzees or humans. Previous studies have demonstrated that orangutans have a lower metabolic rate than other great apes. Lower body temperature may serve as a metabolic adaptation of orangutans to survive extended periods of low food availability when energy must be conserved.Accepted manuscrip

KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN POTENSI JAMUR MAKRO DI KAWASAN SUAKA MARGASATWA BUKIT RIMBANG BUKIT BALING (SMBRBB) PROPINSI RIAU, SUMATERA

The Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve Area (SMBRBB) Riau is one of the areas that has the characteristics of lowland rainforest types with high biodiversity, so it is possible to find many macro fungi, but there is no data on macrofungi diversity. This research was conducted with the aim of obtaining diversity data and potential data on macrofungi, both as food ingredients and as medicinal ingredients. This study uses a searching method that is modified by the path method using sample plots. 138 macrofungi species were obtained, which included 52 genera, 37 families and 3 phyla. Macrofungi diversity index at this location is relatively moderate, and high uniformity index. 66 species potentially as medicinal ingredients, including Amauroderma rugosum, Ganoderma aplanatum, Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinus sajo-caju, Lentinus squamolosus, Cymatoderma elegans, Daldinea concentrica, Microporus xantopus, M. afinitis, Pycnoporus cinnabarius, Polyporus arcularius, Rigidoporus microporus, Rigidoporus microporus, Trametes versikularis, and Xylaria longipes. As many as 32 species have potential as food ingredients, including Auricularia auricula, Auricularia delicata, Auricularia polytricha, Cookeina sulcipes, Phallus indusiatus, Lentinus sajor-caju, Lentinus squamolosus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Schizophyllum commune, Tramella fuciformis, and Volvariellavolvacea. Keywords: cultivation, diversity, food,  makrofungi, medicine

Orangutans have larger gestural repertoires in captivity than in the wild—A case of weak innovation?

Whether nonhuman species can change their communicative repertoire in response to socio-ecological environments has critical implications for communicative innovativeness prior to the emergence of human language, with its unparalleled productivity. Here, we use a comparative sample of wild and zoo-housed orangutans of two species (Pongo abelii, Pongo pygmaeus) to assess the effect of the wild-captive contrast on repertoires of gestures and facial expressions. We find that repertoires on both the individual and population levels are larger in captive than in wild settings, regardless of species, age class, or sampling effort. In the more sociable Sumatran species, dominant use of signals toward single outcomes was also higher in captive settings. We thus conclude that orangutans exposed to more sociable and terrestrial conditions evince behavioral plasticity, in that they produce additional innate or innovated signals that are highly functionally specific. These findings suggest a latent capacity for innovativeness in these apes' communicative repertoires