The treatment analysis of the patients suffering from vaginismus and the correlation with the psychological issues

Background: We aimed to present the demographic information, treatment protocol, and results of 482 female patients that presented to our clinic specialized in sexual dysfunction with the complaint of no or only partial sexual intercourse and were diagnosed with primary vaginismus.Methods: The female patients were asked eight questions about demographics; 13 questions about marriage; seven questions about family structure and upbringing; three questions about history of psychiatric diseases and general phobias; and 17 questions about sexual history and previous treatments. The male spouses were asked seven questions concerning age, occupation, educational level, personality, sexual experience, and sexual dysfunction.Results: The median age of the female patients was 28 and their spouses was 29. The mean duration of marriage was 18.2 months. Of the female patients, 65.4% reported that they felt they would have pain during sexual intercourse, 23.6% stated that they really had pain, 74.1% mentioned that they had heard horrifying stories about the first night of marriage in the pre-marital period. Cognitive behavioral therapy was performed alone in 85.7% of the patients, following hymenotomy in 5%, and following hymenectomy in 9.3%.Conclusions: False and exaggerated information about sexuality being embedded in the subconscious of women is very effective in the development of vaginismus. On the other hand, traditional family structure, adolescent traumas, first night stories, and superstitions about sexuality are among the important causes of vaginismus

Role of autologous bone marrow derived stem cells and platelet rich plasma for endometrial regeneration and repair and ovarian rejuvenation

Background: Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with a potential for self- renewal and differentiation into multiple mature cell types. PRP is blood plasma that has been enriched with platelets and multiple growth factors that can stimulate cellular processes and activate multi-potent stem cells to generate new, younger tissue and new blood vessels relevant to ovarian rejuvenation and endometrial regeneration.Methods: This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ABMDSC and PRP application in patients with thin endometrium refractory to treatment, premature ovarian failure, infertility and menopause. 37 symptomatic women between age group 18 years to 56 years were selected for ABMDSC and PRP instillation in endometrium and/ or ovaries. PRP was instilled in endometrium in 8 patients, in ovaries in 5 patients and in both endometrium and ovaries in 24 patients.Results: There was significant improvement in endometrial thickness, along with improved blood flow to both endometrium and ovaries. FSH levels decreased and ovarian volume increased. There were three confirmed pregnancies with one delivery.  Menopausal symptoms decreased in 2 patients and spontaneous resumption of menses was seen in 1 patient of POF.Conclusions: Stem cell therapy serves as a game changer with their unique properties, offering solutions for scores of women suffering from POF, poor oocyte quality, endometrial degeneration/ damage or menopausal symptoms.

Clinical Computing in Dentistry

Machines can seldom replace dentists in rightly handling the patients with optimistic human insight, considerations, creative planning and the monitoring of psychological acceptance and comfort experienced by any patient with the rehabilitation done. Intelligent computer related armamentarium with software can still help dental practitioners detect typical medical and dental signs and classify them according to certain rules more effectively. Based on image analysis algorithms, CAD systems can be used to look for signs of any tooth pathology that can be spotted in dental X-ray or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Applying computer vision algorithms to high-resolution CBCT slices helps to a great extent in diagnosing periapical lesions like granulomas, cysts, etc., and can help creating 3-D model of a root canal that reflects its shape with sufficient precision facilitating an optimum endodontic treatment planning. Hence, computer vision systems are already able to speed up the diagnostic process and provide a valuable second opinion in doubtful cases. This can lead a dentist and the patient thoroughly experience an optimistic acceptance and satisfaction of the treatment done

Nanoparticulate RNA delivery systems in cancer

Background: Drug delivery system is a common practice in cancer treatment. RNA interference-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing holds promise as an approach to knockdown in the expression of target genes responsible for cancer cell growth and metastasis. RNA interference (RNAi) can be achieved by delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to target cells. Since neither interfering RNAs can be delivered in naked form due to poor stability, an efficient delivery system is required that protects, guides, and delivers the siRNA and shRNA to target cells as part of cancer therapy (chemotherapy). Recent findings: In this review, a discussion is presented about the different types of drug delivery system used to deliver siRNA and shRNA, together with an overview of the potential benefits associated with this sophisticated biomolecular therapy. Improved understanding of the different approaches used in nanoparticle (NP) fabrication, along with an enhanced appreciation of the biochemical properties of siRNA/shRNA, will assist in developing improved drug delivery strategies in basic and clinical research. Conclusion: These novel delivery techniques are able to solve the problems that form an inevitable part of delivering genes in more efficient manner and as part of more effective treatment protocols. The present review concludes that the nanoparticulate RNA delivery system has great possibility for cancer treatment along with several other proposed methods. Several NPs or nanocarriers are already in use, but the methods proposed here could fulfill the missing gap in cancer research. It is the future technology, which unravels the mystery of resolving genomic diseases that is, especially genomic instability and its signaling cascades

Insights Into the Vaginismus Treatment by Cognitive Behavioral Therapies: Correlation With Sexual Dysfunction Identified in Male Spouses of the Patients

Objective: To examine retrospectively sexual dysfunction in the male spouses of 425 female patients who had presented to our clinic and were diagnosed with primary vaginismus. Materials and methods: Seven questions related to age, profession, educational status, number of marriages, personality structure, sexual experience, and sexual dysfunction history were directed to the spouses of the 425 female patients presenting to our clinic for vaginismus treatment between 2015 and 2018. Men reporting sexual dysfunction were evaluated by a urologist, and the necessary treatment was initiated. Cognitive-behavioral couple therapy was started for all patients. Results: Of the 425 men, 73.9% stated that they did not have any sexual problems. Of the 111 men (26.1%) stated that they had one or more sexual problems, 77 (18.1%) were diagnosed with premature ejaculation, 25 (5.8%) erectile dysfunction, 36 (8.4%) hypoactive sexual desire, and one (0.2%) had delayed ejaculation. Premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction were identified in nine patients, premature ejaculation and hypoactive sexual desire in seven, and erectile dysfunction and hypoactive sexual desire in four patients. There was an increased rate of sexual dysfunction in men in cases where the duration of marriage without coitus was longer than three years. Conclusion: In the treatment of vaginismus, male sexual dysfunction should not be ignored. Spouses should be questioned for sexual dysfunction and included in the treatment process

Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Potential of Periosteum-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Do They Hold the Key to the Future?

The periosteum, with its outer fibrous and inner cambium layer, lies in a dynamic environment with a niche of pluripotent stem cells for their reparative needs. The inner cambium layer is rich in mesenchymal progenitors, osteogenic progenitors, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts in a scant collagen matrix environment. Their role in union and remodeling of fracture is well known. However, the periosteum as a source of mesenchymal stem cells has not been explored in detail. Moreover, with the continuous expansion of techniques, newer insights have been acquired into the roles and regulation of these periosteal cells. From a therapeutic standpoint, the periosteum as a source of tissue engineering has gained much attraction. Apart from its role in bone repair, analysis of the bone-forming potential of periosteum-derived stem cells is lacking. Hence, this article elucidates the role of the periosteum as a potential source of mesenchymal stem cells along with their capacity for osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation for therapeutic application in the future

Computational exploration of Zika virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors: a promising antiviral drug discovery approach

The emergence of the Zika virus, which belongs to the Flaviviridae family, became a significant worldwide health issue due to its link with severe neurological complications. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of the Zika virus plays a significant part in the replication of the virus and is considered a promising candidate for antiviral drug identification. In this study, we employed computer-based drug discovery approaches to identify potential natural compounds that could act as inhibitors against the RdRp protein of the Zika virus. A comprehensive virtual screening strategy was implemented using the MTiOpenScreen webserver to identify natural compounds from the NP-Lib database. Four natural compounds having the ZINC ID – ZINC000253499147, ZINC000299817665, ZINC000044404209, and ZINC000253388535 were selected based on the binding score revealed during virtual screening. Molecular docking simulations of these selected compounds and reference compounds were performed to assess the binding affinities and the molecular bonds formed during the docking. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, endpoint free binding energy calculation and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to evaluate the stability and dynamics of the protein-ligand complexes. These compounds exhibited favourable binding energies and formed stable interactions within the active site of the RdRp protein. Moreover, the molecular dynamics simulations revealed the robustness of the protein-ligand complexes, suggesting the potential for sustained inhibition. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and development of novel therapeutic interventions against Zika virus infection. Further experimental validation and optimization of the identified compounds are warranted to advance their potential translation into effective antiviral drugs. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma</p

Evaluation of Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperlipidemic Effects of <i>Solanum indicum</i> Fruit Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Globally, diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of premature mortality after cardiovascular diseases and tobacco chewing. It is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterised by the faulty metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins as a result of defects in insulin secretion or resistance. It was estimated that approximately 463 million of the adult population are suffering from diabetes mellitus, which may grow up to 700 million by 2045. Solanum indicum is distributed all over India and all of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The different parts of the plant such as the roots, leaves and fruits were used traditionally in the treatment of cough, asthma and rhinitis. However, the hypoglycaemic activity of the plant is not scientifically validated. Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-hyperlipidaemic activity of methanolic fruit extract of Solanum indicum (SIE) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Method: Experimentally, type II diabetes was induced in rats by an i.p. injection of STZ at a dose of 60 mg/kg. The effect of the fruit extract was evaluated at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight in STZ-induced diabetic rats for 30 days. Result: The oral administration of fruit extract caused a significant (p Solanum indicum showed a dose-dependent blood glucose lowering effect and significantly reduced elevated blood cholesterol and triglycerides. It prevented oxidative stress associated with type II diabetes in STZ rats

Evaluation of Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperlipidemic Effects of Solanum indicum Fruit Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Globally, diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of premature mortality after cardiovascular diseases and tobacco chewing. It is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterised by the faulty metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins as a result of defects in insulin secretion or resistance. It was estimated that approximately 463 million of the adult population are suffering from diabetes mellitus, which may grow up to 700 million by 2045. Solanum indicum is distributed all over India and all of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The different parts of the plant such as the roots, leaves and fruits were used traditionally in the treatment of cough, asthma and rhinitis. However, the hypoglycaemic activity of the plant is not scientifically validated. Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-hyperlipidaemic activity of methanolic fruit extract of Solanum indicum (SIE) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Method: Experimentally, type II diabetes was induced in rats by an i.p. injection of STZ at a dose of 60 mg/kg. The effect of the fruit extract was evaluated at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight in STZ-induced diabetic rats for 30 days. Result: The oral administration of fruit extract caused a significant (p &lt; 0.05) reduction in the blood glucose level with a more prominent effect at 200 mg/kg. The fruit extract showed dose-dependent &alpha;-amylase and &alpha;-glycosidase inhibitory activity. It reduced the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels remarkably in diabetic rats compared to normal. The extract showed the reduced activity of endogenous antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in the liver of STZ diabetic rats. Conclusion: The result confirmed that the fruit extract of Solanum indicum showed a dose-dependent blood glucose lowering effect and significantly reduced elevated blood cholesterol and triglycerides. It prevented oxidative stress associated with type II diabetes in STZ rats