Features of diagnosis and treatment of encysted pleural empyema

The incidence of non-specific pathological processes of the lung and pleura increases every year. Encysted empyema is leading in terms of morbidity and mortality among all the diseases of the lungs and pleura. Just empyema remains one of the biggest problems in diagnosis for doctors of primary and secondary levels of medical care. Up to this point there is no single diagnostic algorithm for the disease. And as a result we don‘t have the single algorithm of treatment of encysted pleural empyema

Classification of packaging for food and goods

Packaging is an integral part of food and goods. Packaging provides safety products that comply with sanitary and aesthetic requirements, standards, ease of use and sales and promotes the competitiveness of products, protects the rights of producers and consumers in the market

Giant electrocaloric effect in thin film Pb Zr_0.95 Ti_0.05 O_3

An applied electric field can reversibly change the temperature of an electrocaloric material under adiabatic conditions, and the effect is strongest near phase transitions. This phenomenon has been largely ignored because only small effects (0.003 K V^-1) have been seen in bulk samples such as Pb0.99Nb0.02(Zr0.75Sn0.20Ti0.05)0.98O3 and there is no consensus on macroscopic models. Here we demonstrate a giant electrocaloric effect (0.48 K V^-1) in 300 nm sol-gel PbZr0.95Ti0.05O3 films near the ferroelectric Curie temperature of 222oC. We also discuss a solid state device concept for electrical refrigeration that has the capacity to outperform Peltier or magnetocaloric coolers. Our results resolve the controversy surrounding macroscopic models of the electrocaloric effect and may inspire ab initio calculations of electrocaloric parameters and thus a targeted search for new materials.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

The significance of Controlling for a Company’s Strategic management

Controlling concepts are considered. Features of the concept of optimising the interests of separate proprietors of a joint-stock company are described. Peculiarities of using cost indices in strategic operation of business are reflected