Sui determinanti nominali

v. fil

Il trasporto marittimo a corto raggio delle isole maggiori:Sicilia e Sardegna

Geographical space is not always corresponding to the economical one. The macro area of Sicily and Sardinia comes out to have different and substantial drawbacks in the short sea shipping (SSS) development. According to the White Books of European Union, a supply and demand analysis of regional transportation has been carried out to investigate the possibility to equilibrate different ways of transportation in Sicily. First aim of this paper is the analysis of import/export goods between Sicily, Sardinia and Mediterranean countries. Detailed information is referred to the typology of goods and main import and export sea traffic roots. At the base of a supply analysis a technical description of Sicilian ports from Palermo to Ragusa has been developed in terms of actual and operational infrastructures. Finally some proposals are presented given the transportation strategy of Sicilian government such as a concentration in a unique vector of import/export flows according to a minimum threshold; SSS potential benefits include inside a multiway chain and some possibility to create incentives for maritime operators

L’opera d’arte come epifania della verità dell'ente in Hans Georg Gadamer

L’obra Veritat i Mètode de Hans Georg Gadamer, que estudia el naixement de les ciències de l’esperit, dedica la primera secció a l’ontologia de l’obra d’art, obrint així una visió interessant sobre la qüestió del significat del concepte d’experiència del conèixement. En tant que intent, perfectament reeixit, de definir l’art com a coneixement extra metòdic de la veritat, i com experiència plenament vàlida de la realitat, posa necessàriament en qüestió els límits del concepte “d’experiència”, tal com va ser formulat per Kant a la Crítica de la Raó Pura, i com va ser després assumit en el debat al voltant del naixement de les ciències de l’esperit durant el segle XIX. Després de tot, existeix, respecte al valor cognoscitiu de l’art, una espècie d’exclusió, un prejudici dolent (diria el mateix Gadamer), que impedeix comprendre la realitat que hi ha fora del marc que el mètode físic-matemàtic de la ciència ens concedeix. El problema ja va ser plantejat, i d’alguna manera resolt, per Husserl a la Crisi de les ciències europees i la fenomenologia transcendental, però troba en l’obra de Gadamer un valuós aclariment en relació al mateix problema dels fonaments del coneixement. La idea original de l’article rau en la possibilitat de mostrar com una de les conseqüències d’aquesta reducció del concepte d’experiència a la mera experiència “matemàticament mesurable” condueix al fenomen de la irreligió occidental, com tan bé han evidenciat August del Noce o Hans Jonas. RESUM: L’opera Verità e metodo di Hans Georg Gadamer, che pur mira alla fondazione delle Geistesswissenschaften, nel dedicare la prima sezione alla ontologia dell’opera d’arte, apre un interessante spiraglio circa la questione del significato del concetto di esperienza per la conoscenza. Nel tentativo, perfettamente riuscito, di definire l’arte come conoscenza extrametodica della verità, e come esperienza pienamente valida della realtà, deve necessariamente porre la questione dei limiti del concetto di “esperienza” così come era stato elaborato da Kant nella Critica della Ragion Pura, e come era stato poi ereditato nel dibattito intorno alla fondazione delle scienze dello Spirito nell’800. A ben guardare, esiste, nei confronti del valore conoscitivo dell’arte, una specie di esclusione, un cattivo pregiudizio (direbbe lo stesso Gadamer), che impedisce di comprendere la realtà al di fuori della finestra che il metodo fisico-matematico delle scienze della natura ci concede. Il problema era stato già avvertito, e a suo modo affrontato, già da Husserl nella Crisi delle Scienze europee e la fenomenologia trascendentale, ma trova nell’opera di Gadamer un valido contributo di chiarimento, in relazione al problema stesso dei fondamenti della conoscenza. L’idea originale dell’articolo sta nel tentare di mostrare come una delle conseguenze di questo appiattimento del concetto di esperienza alla sola esperienza “matematicamente misurabile” conduce al fenomeno della irreligione occidentale ben evidenziato sia da Augusto del Noce sia da Hans Jonas

Dalla Word Sense Disambiguation alla sintassi: il problema dell'articolo partitivo in italiano

Out of context, a sequence of Italian such as dei professori 'of.the teachers' is ambiguous: it can either mean some teachers (e.g. Dei professori intervennero 'Some teachers attended') or carry the value of a Saxon genitive (e.g. i libri dei professori 'the teachers' books'). The part of speech to which dei professori belongs cannot be identified: dei could be a partitive article in a noun phrase or a preposition in a prepositional phrase. This key difference raises a problem in the area of Word Sense Disambiguation. Despite its relevance for NLP, this case of homonymy has so far been disregarded in the literature. The paper distinguishes the functions of grammar morphemes such as dei and proposes an algorithm that can automatically discriminate between the two uses mentioned above, but also identify others that make the picture more complex

Hipotermia seletiva: estudo experimental de traumatismo crânio-encefálico em ratos

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency of selective hypothermia in the treatment of the traumatic brain injury in rats. METHOD: After the trauma produced for the model of cortical impact, a small craniectomy in the right frontoparietal region was carried through; after the procedure the animals had been divided in two groups of 15 each. Group A, without treatment with hypothermia (control group) and group B, treated with selective hypothermia for a period to 5 to 6 hours. After this time all the animals were sacrificed, their brains had been removed and histopathological analysis was carried through. RESULTS: Comparison between both groups was done using the counting of neurons injured for field. Counting in the control group n=15 had an average of 70.80 neurons injured for field against an average of 21.33 neurons injured for field in group B (submitted to the treatment with hypothermia), with n=15 also. The difference was statiscally significant. CONCLUSION: Based in the quantification of the neurons injured for field, the effectiveness of the treatment with selective hypothermia was demonstrated.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficiência da hipotermia seletiva no tratamento do traumatismo crânio-encefálico (TCe) em ratos. o trauma foi produzido por um modelo de impacto cortical desenvolvido exclusivamente para o estudo. MÉTODO: Após o TCE produzido pelo modelo de impacto cortical, foi realizada pequena craniectomia na região fronto-parietal direita; após o procedimento os animais foram divididos em dois grupos de 15 cada um. o grupo A, sem tratamento com hipotermia (grupo controle) e grupo B, tratado com hipotermia seletiva por período de 5 a 6 horas. depois deste tempo todos os animais foram sacrificados, seus encéfalos foram removidos e realizada a análise anatomopatológica. RESULTADOS: Na comparação entre o grupo tratado com hipotermia e o grupo controle utilizou-se a contagem de neurônios lesados por campo. Tal contagem no grupo A (controle/sem tratamento) com n=15 teve media de 70,80 neurônios lesados por campo contra a media de 21,33 nerônios lesados por campo no grupo B (submetido ao tratamento com hipotermia), com n=15 também. diferença estatísticamente significativa pôde ser demonstrada. CONCLUSÃO: A análise anatomopatológica dos encéfalos dos animais estudados, baseada na quantificação dos neurônios lesados por campo demonstrou efetividade do tratamento com hipotermia seletiva com diferença estatística significativa.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) EPMUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Supraorbital craniotomy to approach the sellar and the parasellar regions

We report on the experience with supraorbital minicraniotomy in a series of 36 operated cases with good results: 31 aneurysms, 4 pituitary adenomas, 1 anaplastic astrocytoma and 1 arachnoid cyst. One death occurred in this series. The technique is detailed. We conclude that the minicraniotomy is a safe method for the treatment of several parasellar pathologies.The efficacy must be evaluated in clinical trials concerning other approaches.Relatamos nossa experiência com a minicraniotomia supraorbital em uma série de 36 pacientes operados, com resultados satisfatórios. Foram operados 31 aneurismas 4 adenomas hipofisários, um astrocitoma anaplásico e um cisto aracnóide. Houve um óbito na série. A técnica foi descrita em detalhes. Concluimos que a minicraniotomia é um método seguro para o tratamento de várias patologias parasselares, devendo ser avaliada a sua eficácia em estudos comparativos com as técnicas tradicionais.Universidade Federal da Bahia Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Thermal adaptation and physiological responses to environmental stress in tunicates

Understanding the multifaceted nature of environmental fluctuations is crucial to predicting the physiological adjustments utilised by organisms in resisting or adapting to changes over time. Here we investigate the effects of 2 environmental stressors on tunicates, whose fitness can have important repercussions on the quality of habitat. Specifically, we report respiration rate (RR), clearance rate (CR), and assimilation efficiency (AE) of the ascidian Styela plicata in response to a range of temperatures and varying food availability. Temperature-dependent RR was observed only within a portion of the thermal window of the species. Significant differences in clearance rates were detected among organisms fed with varying algal concentrations, while no significant influence of food concentrations on AE was observed. This plasticity of the physiological rates and the development of ubiquitous mechanisms such as temperature-insensitive aerobic metabolism suggest a competitive advantage of this group. Such knowledge may allow for more accurate predictions of the physiological and evolutionary mechanisms driving current and future distribution of this species

Intergenerational Effect of Early Life Exposure to Permethrin: Changes in Global DNA Methylation and in Nurr1 Gene Expression

Environmental exposure to pesticides during the early stages of development represents an important risk factor for the onset of neurodegenerative diseases in adult age. Neonatal exposure to Permethrin (PERM), a member of the family of synthetic pyrethroids, can induce a Parkinson-like disease and cause some alterations in striatum of rats, involving both genetic and epigenetic pathways. Through gene expression analysis and global DNA methylation assessment in both PERM-treated parents and their untreated offspring, we investigated on the prospective intergenerational effect of this pesticide. Thirty-three percent of progeny presents the same Nurr1 alteration as rats exposed to permethrin in early life. A decrease in global genome-wide DNA methylation was measured in mothers exposed in early life to permethrin as well as in their offspring, whereas untreated rats have a hypermethylated genomic DNA. Further studies are however needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms, but, despite this, an intergenerational PERM-induced damage on progenies has been identified for the first time

Estudo comparativo entre fusão lombar posterior com parafuso pedicular e fusão intersomática lombar posterior associada com parafuso pedicular em espondilolistese no adulto

The purpose of this study was to compare patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis submitted to two different surgical approaches, and evaluate the results and outcomes in both groups. In a two-year period, 60 adult patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis, both isthmic and degenerative, were submitted to surgery at the Biocor Institute, Brazil. All patients were operated on by the same surgeon (FLRD) in a single institution, and the results were analyzed prospectively. Group I comprised the first 30 consecutive patients that were submitted to a posterior lumbar spinal fusion with pedicle screws (PLF). Group II comprised the last 30 consecutive patients submitted to a posterior lumbar interbody fusion procedure (PLIF) with pedicle screws. All patients underwent foraminotomy for nerve root decompression. Clinical evaluation was carried out using the Prolo Economic and Functional Scale and the Rolland-Morris and the Oswestry questionnaire. Mean age was 52.4 for Group I (PLF), and 47.6 for Group II (PLIF). The mean follow-up was 3.2 years. Both surgical procedures were effective. The PLIF with pedicle screws group presented better clinical outcomes. Group I presented more complications when compared with Group II. Group II presented better results as indicated in the Prolo Economic and Functional Scale.O objetivo foi comparar dois grupos de pacientes portadores de espondilolistese lombar que foram submetidos a dois procedimentos cirúrgicos distintos, avaliando os resultados clínicos levando em consideração a qualidade de vida. Durante o período de 1998 a 2001 sessenta pacientes portadores de espondilolistese da coluna lombar ístmica e degenerativa foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico no Hospital Biocor em Belo Horizonte, por um mesmo cirurgião foram analisados prospectivamente. Os primeiros trinta pacientes foram submetidos a fusão posterior com parafusos pediculares e os trinta seguintes a fusão posterior com parafusos pediculares associada a fusão intersomática posterior. Os pacientes foram submetidos a liberação radicular com laminectomia e foraminotomia. A avaliação clínica foi feita utilizando as escalas de Prolo Econômico e Funcional, o questionário de Rolland-Morris e de Oswestry. Os resultados clínicos apresentaram que os dois procedimentos realizados foram eficazes. Houve maior número de complicações relacionadas com a biomecânica no grupo que foi submetido somente à fusão posterior e o grupo submetido à fusão posterior associada a fusão intersomática apresentou melhores resultados com retorno as atividades diárias e melhora da qualidade de vida.Hospital BiocorUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Hospital Madre TerezaUNIFESP, EPMUNIFESPSciEL

Dual effects of leptin in perioperative gas exchange of morbidly obese patients

Leptin has shown positive effects on respiratory function in experimental settings. The role of leptin on perioperative respiratory function in morbidly obese patients has not been established. We performed a retrospective analysis of morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Fasting serum leptin and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured preoperatively, and arterial blood gases were obtained pre- and postoperatively. Outcome variables were arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), and differences in PaO2 and PaCO2 between pre- and postoperative values (\u394PaO2, \u394PaCO2; postoperative minus preoperative). Patients with lower (<40 \u3bcg/L) and higher ( 6540 \u3bcg/L) leptin levels were compared. Bravais-Pearson's correlation, multiple linear regression, and logistic regression analysis were performed. A total of 112 morbidly obese patients were included. Serum leptin was significantly higher in females than in males (42.86\ub112.89 vs. 30.67\ub113.39 \u3bcg/L, p<0.0001). Leptin was positively correlated with body mass index (r = 0.238; p = 0.011), IL-6 (r = 0.473; p<0.0001), and \u394PaO2 (r = 0.312; p = 0.0008). Leptin was negatively correlated with preoperative PaO2 (r = -0.199; p = 0.035). Preoperative PaO2 was lower, \u394PaCO2 was smaller, and \u394PaO2 was greater in the high leptin group than in the low leptin group. In multiple regression analysis, leptin was negatively associated with preoperative PaO2 (estimate coefficient = -0.147; p = 0.023). In logistic regression analysis, leptin was associated with improved \u394PaO2 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.104; p = 0.0138) and \u394PaCO2 (OR = 0.968; p = 0.0334). Leptin appears to have dual effects related to perioperative gas exchange in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. It is associated with worse preoperative oxygenation but improved respiratory function after surgery