Prós e Contras da Reabilitação Assistida por Computador

This article summarized the knowledge obtained from exercises with patients using computer-assisted rehabilitation. Working with a wide base of healthy individuals and patients with various problems yielded the results to summarize. This work utilized several rehabilitation devices using computer games and uncovered positive and negative aspects of contemporary rehabilitation procedures. we conclude in this research computer-assisted rehabilitation is the future of modern rehabilitation, so it is necessary to know all factors affecting patients’ health.En este artículo resumimos los conocimientos adquiridos a partir de ejercicios con pacientes que utilizan rehabilitación asistida por ordenador. Durante varios años, tuvimos la oportunidad de trabajar con una amplia base de personas sanas y pacientes con diferentes problemas. Observamos los aspectos positivos y negativos de los procedimientos de rehabilitación en la rehabilitación moderna en varios dispositivos destinados a la rehabilitación mediante juegos de computadora. Se concluye en este documento que la rehabilitación asistida por ordenador es el futuro de los procedimientos de rehabilitación modernos, por lo que es necesario conocer todos los aspectos que afectan a la salud del paciente.Neste artigo resumimos os conhecimentos adquiridos a partir de exercícios com pacientes que utilizam a reabilitação assistida por computador. Durante vários anos, tivemos a oportunidade de trabalhar com uma ampla base de pessoas saudáveis e pacientes com diferentes problemas. Observamos os aspectos positivos e negativos dos procedimentos de reabilitação na reabilitação moderna em diversos dispositivos destinados à reabilitação através de jogos de computador. Conclui-se, neste documento, que a reabilitação assistida por computador é o futuro dos procedimentos modernos de reabilitação, por isso é necessário conhecer todos os aspectos que afetam a saúde do paciente

MEASUREMENT OF THE VALUES OF RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AROUND THE HEAD OF ADOLESCENTS

Cell phones and other communication devices have become the primary source of socialization, especially among adolescents. The aim of the study was to assess the levels of radiated radiofrequency (RF) power (1788.5 MHz, max. 30 V/m) around the head of adolescents. The measurements were performed in 2016 at the Department of Medical Biophysics of Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin. The sample group consisted of 44 adolescents of Viliam Pauliny-Toth, Grammar School in Martin. To measure the performance levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF), we used selective radiation meter NARDA SRM 3006 (9 kHz–6 GHz) with the function of a spectrum analyzer. The average values of power were recorded in eight positions around the head with six minutes exposure length of each of them. Every adolescent filled out a short questionnaire on personal perception of the effects of RF radiation on the body after the exposure. The statistical evaluation showed a significant decrease in the intensity of power on the left side of the adolescent’s head compared to the right side (p < 0.01–0.001), which confirmed different degrees of absorption by the head tissues. The highest level of absorption was measured at temporal area of the head connecting both ears. Shortterm exposure to RF radiation did not cause strong adverse health effects in adolescents, however in a few cases tachycardia, drowsiness, headache, fatigue and restlessness appeared. It is necessary to pay more attention to the examination of the relationship between exposure to RF EMF and the potential adverse health reactions mainly in adolescents

Mechanické testovanie PCL polyméru s rôznou pórovitosťou při využití FDM technológie

Cieľom predmetnej štúdie bolo mechanicky otestovať experimentálne vzorky s rôznou veľkosťou pórov na základe vyrobeného filamentu z medicínsko certifikovaného PCL materiálu. Výroba filamentu bola realizovaná pomocou extruzneho zariadenia. Vyrobený filament bol použitý ako vstupný materiál pre 3D tlačiareň DeltiQ2 (Trilab, ČR). Vyrobený vzorky pre mechanické testovanie v tlaku boli vyrobené v 3 variantoch (100% výplň, 75% výplň – póry o veľkosti 0,3 mm , 50% výplň – póry o veľkosti 0,6 mm). Mechanické testovanie preukázalo zníženie modul kompresie a medzu klzu pri poréznych štruktúrach približne o 14% (75% výplň vzoriek) a 28% pri 50% výplne experimentálnych vzorkác

Analysis of PLA/PHB Biopolymer Material with Admixture of Hydroxyapatite and Tricalcium Phosphate for Clinical Use

One trend in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is the development of degradable composite polymers. The aim of this study was the comprehensive analysis of Polylactic acid (PLA)/Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) + Hydroxyapatite (HA)/Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) material from filament production to mechanical testing of samples with different infills and the production of an implant replacement for an intervertebral disc. Filament Maker—Composer 450 (3devo; Netherlands) was used to produce filaments. Experimental samples and the implant for the intervertebral disc were made using FDM technology using a DeltiQ2 3D printer (Trilab, Czech Republic). Mechanical testing of experimental samples was performed on an Inspekt TABLE 5 kN (Hegewald & Peschke, Nossen, Germany). Microscopic analysis, cytotoxicity test, and filament diameter analysis using descriptive statistics were also part of the focus. The results of the analysis of the diameter of the filament show that the filament meets the prescribed standard. The cytotoxicity test for PLA/PHB + HA/TCP material showed no toxicity. Microscopic analysis showed an even distribution of the ceramic component in the composite polymer. Mechanical testing showed a reduction in mechanical properties with 75% and 50% of the filling of experimental samples. All experimental samples subjected to mechanical testing showed higher tensile and compressive strength values compared to the values of the mechanical properties of vertebral trabecular bones, as reported in the literature. It can therefore be concluded that the material under investigation, PLA/PHB + HA/TCP appears to be a suitable candidate for hard tissue replacement

Monitoring of Data Transmission and Changes in Values of Electromagnetic Field in Living Environment

A crucial aspect concerning the intelligent transport systems is data transmission between vehicle and central control and information systems. Transportation needs a reliable system of data transfer based on GSM or WiFi networks. However, these networks employ a wide range of different frequencies which can be harmful to the health of drivers. The detrimental effect of electromagnetic radiation can negatively affect the process of transportation. This study determines the intensity of electric field levels (E) of the radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF EMF) during the data transmission through the 3G, 4G and local WiFi networks, comparing them with the limit values. Conclusions: Our results showed a significantly higher level of the E-field intensity during 4G transmission in all places. The limit values were not exceeded. The lowest E-field values were found in local WiFi network

New Radiofrequency Exposure System with Real Telecommunication Signals

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of studies on biological effects of Electromagnetic (EM) fields emitted from Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs). The biological effects of generated and real telecommunication signals produced by different types of exposure systems are discussed. However, the proper exposure methods for such experiments are very limited. We successfully developed a simple and cost-effective exposure unit with real GSM/DCS/UMTS signal from BTS containing proper modulations or intermittence (continuous, interrupted). Signal processing and conditioning unit is based on a Radiofrequency (RF) repeater. The downlink signal is filtered by integrated high selectivity passband filters and amplified to a required level. The main part of exposure unit is a Faraday cage with the specimen (exposure) area measuring 150 x 250 mm with E-field percent deviation less than 18%. This exposure system can be helpful in experiments with living organisms in in vivo studies and in vitro studies with normal or pathological cells and other micro scale structures being exposed to RF EM fields from BTS

Impact of In Vitro Degradation on the Properties of Samples Produced by Additive Production from PLA/PHB-Based Material and Ceramics

The present study deals with preparing a polymer-based material with incorporated ceramics and monitoring changes in properties after in vitro natural degradation. The developed material is a mixture of polymers of polylactic acid and polyhydroxybutyrate in a ratio of 85:15. Ceramic was incorporated into the prepared material, namely 10% hydroxyapatite and 10% tricalcium phosphate of the total volume. The material was processed into a filament form, and types of solid and porous samples were prepared using additive technology. These samples were immersed in three different solutions: physiological solution, phosphate-buffered saline, and Hanks’ solution. Under constant laboratory conditions, changes in solution pH, material absorption, weight loss, changes in mechanical properties, and surface morphology were monitored for 170 days. The average value of the absorption of the solid sample was 7.07%, and the absorption of the porous samples was recorded at 8.33%, which means a difference of 1.26%. The least change in pH from the reference value of 7.4 was noted with the phosphate-buffered saline solution. Computed tomography was used to determine the cross-section of the samples. The obtained data were used to calculate the mechanical properties of materials after degradation. The elasticity modulus for both the full and porous samples degraded in Hanks’ solution (524.53 ± 13.4 MPa) has the smallest deviation from the non-degraded reference sample (536.21 ± 22.69 MPa)

Electrochemical deposition of a hydroxyapatite layer onto the surface of porous additively manufactured Ti6Al4V scaffolds

Successful acceptance of biomaterials by a patient's body significantly depends on an interaction between the surface and the biological components of the host environment. In the case of orthopedic scaffolds, surface treatment may improve their osseointegration. This study deals with the electrochemical deposition of ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings onto additively manufactured titanium specimens with a porous structure. The specimens of three different types (pore sizes of 200, 400, and 600 μm) were modeled using CAD software and fabricated using the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy. HAp coatings were electrochemically deposited onto the surface of un-annealed specimens using four different experimental conditions. Based on the results and optimization of the conditions with the un-annealed specimens, ideal conditions were selected for the coating of the annealed specimens. The nature of the ceramic layer on un-annealed and annealed samples was compared. Surface morphology and distribution of ceramic coatings on the surface of the specimens were compared and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The un-annealed specimens exhibited more compact surfaces and larger deposits of nanocrystalline HAp when compared to the annealed specimens. The results indicate that electrochemical deposition is a suitable method for the production of a ceramic coating layer onto the surface of porous titanium specimens with promising potential for clinical applications. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.ITMS2014, RP/CPS/2022/005; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, MŠMT; Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja, APVV: APVV-20-0278; European Regional Development Fund, ERD