Sanitary protection areas for planned public water system Ježdovec : master’s thesis

U ovom diplomskom radu određene su zone sanitarne zaštite planiranog vodocrpilišta Ježdovec sukladno trenutno važećem Pravilniku o uvjetima utvrđivanja zona sanitarne zaštite izvorišta (NN br. 66/11, 47/13). U teorijskom dijelu prikazane su i opisane numeričke i analitičke metode koje su poslužile kao alat na temelju čijih rezultata su, za stanje niskih i visokih voda, određene zone zaštite planiranog vodocrpilišta. Za izradu numeričkog modela korišten je računalni program Visual Modflow, a za izradu analitičkih modela računalni programi Whaem2000 i Wellz. Delineacija II. i III. zone zaštite izvršena je pomoću simulacija trasiranja čestica unatrag (engl. backward particle tracking).Abstract: In this thesis source water sanitary protection areas for planned public water system Ježdovec are determined in accordance with the currently valid Regulation on the conditions determining the sanitary protection zones (NN. 66/11, 47/13). In the theoretical part, numerical and analytical methods are presented and described. Based on the results of these methods, zones of water wells protection in the states of low and high water have been planned. The Visual Modflow computer program was used in creating a numerical model, and computer programs Whaem2000 and Wellz were used for the analytical model. Delineation II. and III. protection zones were done using simulation backward particle tracking

Use of a LiDAR-derived landslide inventory map in assessing Influencing factors for landslide susceptibility of geological units in the Petrinja area (Croatia)

A landslide inventory was created for an area of 22.6 km2 near Petrinja city in northern Croatia, based on the high-resolution LiDAR data complemented by orthophoto maps. A total of 216 landslides were identified, covering 2.91 % of that area. Landslide polygons were overlain on geological units based on the Basic map of SFRY at a scale of 1:100,000 that is the largest scale geological map available for the whole of Croatia. The relationship between landslides and geological units was expressed as a landslide index. Three geological units displayed increased landslide susceptibility. A Pliocene unit clearly had the largest susceptibility, followed by a Palaeocene-Eocene unit, and finally a Badenian unit. Landslide density was analyzed within these geological units to identify influencing factors for landslide initiation. Each geological unit revealed different influencing factors. The Pliocene unit is mostly influenced by bedding plane orientation and local relief. Heterogeneousness lithology is the dominant factor in the Paleocene-Eocene unit, while the Badenian unit demonstrated the least certain interpretation as there are multiple factors involved. The forest road is presumed to be crucial, followed by spring occurrences and proximity to the tectonic boundary. The basic geological map of SFRY proved to be a viable source of geological information for the creation of landslide susceptibility maps at a scale of up to 1:100,000, but with limitations in the case of lithologically heterogeneous geological units. Larger scale maps require more detailed research as landslide susceptibility factors vary in each geological unit

Spatial distribution and geometric characteristics of landslides with special reference to geological units in the area of Slavonski Brod, Croatia

A preliminary analysis of landslide spatial distribution and their geometric characteristics is presented for the area of Slavonski Brod, located in the northeastern part of Croatia and belonging to the Pannonian Basin System. A landslide inventory for the study area of 55.1 km2 is accomplished for the first time, based on the visual interpretation of a high resolution LiDAR digital terrain model. In total, 854 landslide polygons are delineated, corresponding to an average density of 15.5 landslides per square kilometre. The average landslide area is 839 m2, and most of the landslides can be classified as small landslides (76 %). The spatial relationship between landslides and geological units is analysed and expressed as a landslide index. The Late Pannonian sands with silts and gravel interlayers and Pliocene clay, sands, gravels, and coal are determined as the units that are most susceptible to landslide processes. The majority of landslides (85 %) are concentrated within these two units, for which a detailed analysis is performed, determining the morphometric parameters (slope and relief) and drainage network. The parameters’ classes that create favourable preconditions to slope instabilities are defined, based on the landslide density within individual classes. Besides, the geometric characteristics of landslides (size and shape) within these two units are compared. The results serve as the basis for further investigations. They help to foresee the area of future landslides through landslide susceptibility maps, and offer a better understanding of the influence of fluvial-denudation and slope processes on recent landscape evolution and form

Northern Velebit (Croatia) karst hydrological system: results of a preliminary 2H and 18O stable isotope study

Researching the hydrogeological properties of karst systems is very challenging due to their extreme heterogeneity. A grey-box approach in karst research combines the results from classical hydrogeological methods with direct observations within the karstic underground, i.e. in the caves. Isotope research has become a widely used method in the investigation of karst systems. The results presented are of a preliminary 2H and 18O stable isotope study of the Northern Velebit karst system (Croatia) employing the grey-box approach. Groundwater samples were collected during two summer expeditions in deep caves within the karst massif. Monthly precipitation samples were also collected (at three locations between approx. 900 m and 1600 m altitude), as well as water samples at some of the most significant springs, i.e. discharge outlets of the system. For a single expedition, the stable isotope composition is almost constant, i.e. the stable isotope measurements are within the measurement error across the complete cave profile. Similar characteristics across different caves during the same year were also noted. Samples of water from the springs were taken during base-flow conditions and they have similar isotopic contents to the cave water. The results obtained indicate that homogenization of the water already occurs within the subsurface epikarst zone above the sampling locations in the caves, but a future extended sampling campaign during variable hydrologic conditions is needed to confirm this. The final research goal is to establish a conceptual grey-box model for the functioning of this complex hydrogeological system.</p

Sanitary protection areas for planned public water system Ježdovec : master’s thesis

U ovom diplomskom radu određene su zone sanitarne zaštite planiranog vodocrpilišta Ježdovec sukladno trenutno važećem Pravilniku o uvjetima utvrđivanja zona sanitarne zaštite izvorišta (NN br. 66/11, 47/13). U teorijskom dijelu prikazane su i opisane numeričke i analitičke metode koje su poslužile kao alat na temelju čijih rezultata su, za stanje niskih i visokih voda, određene zone zaštite planiranog vodocrpilišta. Za izradu numeričkog modela korišten je računalni program Visual Modflow, a za izradu analitičkih modela računalni programi Whaem2000 i Wellz. Delineacija II. i III. zone zaštite izvršena je pomoću simulacija trasiranja čestica unatrag (engl. backward particle tracking).Abstract: In this thesis source water sanitary protection areas for planned public water system Ježdovec are determined in accordance with the currently valid Regulation on the conditions determining the sanitary protection zones (NN. 66/11, 47/13). In the theoretical part, numerical and analytical methods are presented and described. Based on the results of these methods, zones of water wells protection in the states of low and high water have been planned. The Visual Modflow computer program was used in creating a numerical model, and computer programs Whaem2000 and Wellz were used for the analytical model. Delineation II. and III. protection zones were done using simulation backward particle tracking

Stable water isotope data 2021-2023 from Lobor village (near Zlatar town)

Measured values of δ18O and δ2H, associated d-excess values, and amount of collected precipitation from Lobor village, near Zlatar tow

Stable water isotope data (δ18O and δ2H) of monthly precipitation from 2021 to 2023 (NW Croatia)

The stable water isotopic composition (δ18O and δ2H) of monthly precipitation from three locations in north-western Croatia is presented. Rain sampler RS1B, manufactured by Palmex, was used to collect cumulative monthly precipitation samples on three locations: Petrov vrh peak near Daruvar town (45.58817°N, 17.31188°E, 550 masl ); Lobor water pumping station (46.17441°N, 16.05755°E, 325 masl); Hrvatsko Žarište village, near the town of Vojnić (45.31958°N, 15.63002°E, 175 masl). The dataset consists total of 72 precipitation samples collected during the period from March 2021 to March 2023. Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyzes of the samples were carried out using a Picarro L2130-i Isotope analyzer, with a precision of 1‰ for δ2H and 0.2‰ for δ18O. Results are presented in δ-notation (‰) normalized to the international standard VSMOW (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water). Additionally, the d-excess values for each sample and the Local meteoric water lines (LMWL) for each location were calculated, considering precipitation amounts. The objective of acquiring the presented data in the scope of the project was the comparison of naturally emerging thermal water at the springs in Croatia with modern precipitation

Stable water isotope data 2021-2023 from Hrvatsko Žarište village (near Vojnić town)

Measured values of δ18O and δ2H, associated d-excess values, and amount of collected precipitation from Hrvatsko Žarište village, near Vojnić tow

Stable water isotope data 2021-2023 from Petrov vrh (Daruvar)

Measured values of δ18O and δ2H, associated d-excess values, and amount of collected precipitation from Petrov vrh (Daruvar

Multidisciplinary approach to conceptual modelling of hydrothermal systems

Panonski dio Hrvatske ima povoljne geotermalne karakteristike, a prirodni izvori termalne vode temperatura do 65 °C pojavljuju se na dvadesetak lokacija. Te vode se koriste tisućljećima, a u proteklih pedeset godina predstavljaju ključni resurs turističkih i lječilišnih centara. Povećanje potražnje za termalnom vodom s vremenom je potaknulo crpljenje većih količina. Međutim, termalna izvorišta su dio hidrotermalnih sustava koji uključuju: područja prihranjivanja u planinskim zaleđima izvora; geotermalne vodonosnike (uglavnom mezozojske karbonatne stijene) u kojima se voda zadržava i zagrijava zbog toplinskog toka iz Zemljine unutrašnjosti; i područja istjecanja na mjestima povoljnih struktura veće propusnosti. Kontinuirano funkcioniranje takvih sustava zavisi od osjetljive ravnoteže između brzine toka podzemne vode, procesa taloženja / otapanja i tektonskih pokreta. Kako bi se ta ravnoteža očuvala i termalna izvorišta koristila na održiv način, potrebno je razumijevanje na razini sustava te su istraživanja predložena s tim ciljem. Rezultati multidisciplinarnih istraživanja (strukturno- geološka, hidrogeološka, geotermijska, hidrogeokemijska, geofizička i daljinska istraživanja) koriste se za izradu konceptualnih modela hidrotermalnih sustava, 3D geološku rekonstrukciju, hidrogeološku i termalnu parametrizaciju jedinica i provedbu numeričkih simulacija funkcioniranja sustava u neporemećenim uvjetima i s različitim scenarijima crpljenja. Metodologija se testira na tri pokusna područja u Hrvatskoj gdje se koristi termalna voda. Istraživanja se provode u sklopu petogodišnjeg uspostavnog istraživačkog projekta HyTheC. Tijekom dosadašnjih triju godina provedbe formirana je istraživačka grupa, nabavljeni su potrebna oprema i usluge te su provedena sva predviđena terenska istraživanja u trima pokusnim područjima (slika 1). Raspored pojedinih metoda istraživanja prema dijelovima hidrotermalnih sustava prikazan je na slici 2. Do sada su izrađeni 3D geološki modeli dvaju hidrotermalnih sustava (Daruvara i Topuskog), dok je jedan i parametriziran (Daruvar) te su u tijeku numeričke simulacije funkcioniranja sustava korištenjem komercijalnih programskih paketima i programa otvorenog koda. Kvalitetni konceptualni i numerički modeli koji će biti izrađeni u sklopu projekta omogućit će ocrtavanje i zaštitu područja prihranjivanja i određivanje održivih crpnih količina, što je preduvjet za dugoročno održivo korištenje hidrotermalnih sustava, a trenutno nije adekvatno regulirano u hrvatskom zakonodavnom okviru.Povećano korištenje termalne vode predviđeno je mnogim europskim i hrvatskim strateškim dokumentima iz područja energetike, turizama i zaštite okoliša. Stoga HGICGS uspostavlja multidisciplinarnu grupu za istraživanje hidrotermalnih sustava koja će doprinijeti odgovornom razvoju geotermalnih lokaliteta u našoj državi, te biti znanstveno produktivna i konkurentna u prijavama na natječaje različitih mehanizama financiranja