Lawsuit of Guaranteeing Usurped Money

تبين هذه  الدراسة أن الغصب يقع ضمن المسؤولية التقصيرية ولابد من وسيلة أو إجراء يحمي حق المغصوب منه فعبر هذه الوسيلة أو الإجراء يستوفي الغاصب ضمان المال المغصوب وتسمى هذه الوسيلة أو الإجراء بدعوى ضمان المال المغصوب شأنها شأن الدعاوى الأخرى, وتصنف ضمن الدعاوى الشخصية، فلخصومتها أطراف تدعي بهذا الحق وطرق يستطيع بها المغصوب منه إثبات حقة، ولابد من وجود جهة تقوم بتقدير مقدار الضمان للمال المغصوب، وما هي الطرق التي حددها القانون للطعن بالأحكام والقرارات القضائية الصادرة بدعوى ضمان المال الغصوب من طرفي الخصومة؟.    In the light of this study, it was found that usurpation falls within the tort responsibility, and there must be a means or procedure that protects the right of the usurper from him, and through this means or procedure the guarantee fulfillment  of the money  usurped by the usurper. This method or procedure is called the lawsuit to guarantee the usurped money, which is the same as the other lawsuits, and it is classified among the personal lawsuits. Its opponents have parties claiming this right, and methods of proof through which the usurped can prove a right, as well as the existence of an authority that assesses the amount of guarantee for the usurped money, as well as the methods specified by law in order to appeal the judgments and judicial decisions issued on the pretext of guaranteeing the usurped money by the litigants parties

Influence of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles on keratinase activity and mycelial growth of dermatophytes

Objective Among different nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (SNPs) exhibited high antifungal potency compared with other types of nanoparticles (NPs), and this property is often very helpful, particularly against fungi resistant to conventional antifungal agents. However, synthesis of SNPs can generate toxic waste during the preparation process. Accordingly, new technique using non-toxic routes have been researched for the synthesis of SNPs using cell-free filtrate of Aspergillus niger and evaluate their effect against some dermatophytes spp. Methods The proposal of our study was to biosynthesize SNPs using cell-free filtrate of Aspergillus niger as reducing agent. The characterization of biosynthesized SNPs was carried out by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antifungal effect of the NPs against dermatophytes was also evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth microdilution method. Results Spherical NPs 15–50 nm in size were obtained. The biosynthesized SNPs exerted pronounced morphological alteration in the fungal mycelia. Additionally, the inhibition of keratinase activity of the tested dermatophytes was also recorded. Conclusion The results indicate that SNPs can be synthesized in ecofriendly, inexpensive and promising technique by fungal strain of A. niger, and it has considerable antifungal activity in comparison with other antifungal drugs

Worldwide evaluations of quinoa: preliminary results from post International Year of Quinoa FAO projects in nine countries

Chenopodium quinoa Willd, a high quality grain crop, is resistant to abiotic stresses (drought, cold, and salt) and offers an optimal source of protein. Quinoa represents a symbol of crop genetic diversity across the Andean region. In recent years, this crop has undergone a major expansion outside its countries of origin. The activities carried out within the framework of the International Year of Quinoa provided a great contribution to raise awareness on the multiple benefits of quinoa as well as to its wider cultivation at the global level. FAO is actively involved in promoting and evaluating the cultivation of quinoa in 26 countries outside the Andean region with the aim to strengthen food and nutrition security. The main goal of this research is to evaluate the adaptability of selected quinoa genotypes under different environments outside the Andean region. This paper presents the preliminary results from nine countries. Field evaluations were conducted during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 in Asia (Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan), and the Near East and North African countries (Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Mauritania, and Yemen). In each country, the trials were carried out in different locations that globally represent the diversity of 19 agrarian systems under different agro-ecological conditions. Twenty-one genotypes of quinoa were tested using the same experimental protocol in all locations consisting in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Some genotypes showed higher yields and the Q18 and Q12 landraces displayed greater adaptation than others to new environmental conditions. The Q21 and Q26 landraces were evaluated with stable and satisfactory levels of yield (>1 t.ha−1) in each of the different trial sites. This production stability is of considerable importance especially under climate change uncertainty. While these results suggest that this Andean crop is able to grow in many different environments, social, and cultural considerations remain crucial regarding its possible introduction as a staple food in new cropping systems around the world

Effect of topical honey application along with intralesional injection of glucantime in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in Iran. Although many treatments have been suggested for this disease, there hasn't been an effective and safe treatment yet. Regarding the healing effect of honey in the chronic ulcers and its reported therapeutic effect in cutaneous leishmaniasis, we performed a study to better evaluate the efficacy of honey in cutaneous leishmaniasis and its final scar.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In a prospective clinical trial, 100 patients with confirmed cutaneous leishmaniasis were selected and randomized into 2 groups. Group A were treated with topical honey twice daily along with intralesional injection of glucantime once weekly until complete healing of the ulcer or for maximum of 6 weeks. Group B were treated with intralesional injection of glucantime alone until complete healing of the ulcer or for a maximum of 6 weeks, too. The patients were followed for 4 months. The collected data were analyzed statistically using statistical tests including Chi-square, Mann Whitney and Kaplan – Mayer tests.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, 45 patients that had cutaneous leishmaniasis were treated with intralesional glucantime alone and 45 patients were treated with topical honey and glucantime . Ten patients left out the study. In the glucantime alone treated group, 32 patients (71.1%) had complete cure whereas in the group treated with both glucantime & topical honey, 23 patients (51.1%) achieved complete cure. This difference was significant statistically (p = 0.04).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Further studies to better clarify the efficacy of honey in cutaneous leishmaniasis is needed. We suggest that in another study, the efficacy of honey with standardized level of antibacterial activity is evaluated against cutaneous leishmaniasis.</p

Hookah smoking is strongly associated with diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and obesity: a population-based study

Objectives The adverse effects of cigarette smoking have been widely studied before, whilst the effects of hookah smoking has received less attention, although it is a common habit in the Middle East. Here we have investigated the effects of cigarette and hookah smoking on biochemical characteristics in a representative population sample derived from the Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD) cohort study, from Northeastern Iran. Study design A total of 9840 subjects from the MASHAD population study were allocated to five groups; non-smokers (6742), ex-smokers (976), cigarette smokers (864), hookah smokers (1067), concomitant cigarette and hookah smokers (41). Methods Baseline characteristics were recorded in a questionnaire. Biochemical characteristics were measured by routine methods. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results After adjustment for age and sex; the presence of CVD, obesity, metabolic syndrome, DM and dyslipidemia were significantly (p < 0.001) related to smoking status. After multivariate analysis, HDL (p < 0.001), WBC (p < 0.001), MCV (p < 0.05), PLT (p < 0.01) and RDW (p < 0.001), and the presence of CVD (p < 0.01), obesity (p < 0.001), metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05) and DM (p < 0.01) remained significant between cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Between hookah smokers and non-smokers; uric acid (p < 0.001), PLT (p < 0.05) and RDW (p < 0.05), and the presence of obesity (p < 0.01), metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001), diabetes (p < 0.01) and dyslipidemia (p < 0.01) remained significant after logistic regression. Conclusion There was a positive association between hookah smoking and metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia which was not established in cigarette smoking