Association between eating disorders and body image in athletes and non-athlete students in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences

Background: Body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders are of common problems in adolescence and adulthood especially among athletes. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association of eating disorders and body image in athletes and non-athlete students in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 226 athlete students and 350 non-athlete students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences during 2013-2014. Students who followed a specific sport field and had participated in at least one sport event were considered as athlete students. All athlete students were entered the study by census method. Non-athlete students were selected among students who had not any exercise activity and by random sampling method. Data were collected through demographic questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), and Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). Data were analyzed using T-test and Chi-square test. Results: Mean age was 21.92±3.19 years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.24±3.18 kg/m2. The frequency of eating disorders was 11.5% among the athlete students and 11.2% among the nonathlete students. Anorexia nervosa was found to be more prevalent than bulimia nervosa in both groups. The students with normal BMI had better body image perception and less eating disorders symptoms than other students. The association of age, educational level, and gender with eating disorders and body image was not statistically significant. The association of eating disorders and body image was not statistically significant. Eating disorders were more prevalent in males than females but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: With regards to the results, it seems that eating disorders and body image dissatisfaction are relatively prevalent among both athletes and non-athlete students and BMI is predictor of eating disorders. Keywords: Athletes, Body Image, Eating, Student

Association of Infant Exclusive Breast Feeding with Household Food Security and Maternal Mental Health

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is emphasized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the most desirable way of infant feeding in the first 6 months. EBF has beneficial health effects on mothers and infants. The aim of this study was to examine factors influencing EBF, with emphasis on household food security status and maternal mental health. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 325 women referring to community health centers in west Tehran. Data were collected using questionnaires, including Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the USDA (US Department of Agriculture) 18-item questionnaire. The data was analyzed using both descriptive and analytical methods such as the chi-squared test, t test and logistic regression with SPSS 22. Results: The prevalence of EBF was 82.5% (CI = 0.70, 0.94), 63.9% (CI = 0.57, 0.70) and 72.3% (CI = 0.62, 0.82) in 3-month, 3-6-month and 6-8-month-old infants, respectively. The results of this study showed a significant association between EBF and infant gender satisfaction (P < 0.001, OR = 4.85, CI = 2.12, 11.12), economic satisfaction score (P = 0.028, OR = 0.82, CI = 0.69, 0.98), infant birth weight (P = 0.013, OR = 0.99, CI = 0.99, 1.00) and unwanted pregnancy (P = 0.098, OR = 1.82, CI = 0.89, 3.70). However, we did not find any significant association between EBF and other variables such as household food security status, mother’s postpartum depression, parents’ education and age, type of delivery and pregnancy numbers. Conclusion: Infant gender satisfaction, economic satisfaction, unwanted pregnancy and infant birth weight were the significant factors for predicting EBF in this study. Since EBF is important for infants and mothers’ health, policy-makers should devise strategies to promote and encourage EBF in the society. Keywords: Exclusive breast feeding, Food insecurity, Postpartum depression, Socio-economic, Unwanted pregnanc

The evaluation of Relationship between eating disorders and body image in athletes and non-athlete students in the Qazvin University of Medical Sciences

Background: The dissatisfaction of body image and eating disorders are considered to be one of the common problems in adulthood or even in the earlier stage of life especially among athletes. This research has been carried out with the aim of evaluating the relationship between eating disorders and body image in athletes and non-athlete students in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Method: 576 students include: 226 athletes students, 350 non-athletes students (293 female students and 283 male students) of the University of Medical Sciences were selected randomly-class. To collect information from the individual questionnaire, eating attitudes test(EAT-26), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) were used. Results: The eating disorders rate in the athlete students and non-athlete students was estimated to be 11.5 % and 11.2% respectively and anorexia nervosa was found to be more dominant than bulimia nervosa in both groups. The students who had normal BMI enjoyed better from body image and suffered less from eating disorder (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that there was neither a reasonable relationship between the variables of age, educational stage and even gender with eating disorders or body image and not a reasonable relationship between eating disorder and body image. Conclusion: The eating disorders and inappropriate body image among both groups of athlete students and non-athlete students was comparatively common and BMI was recognized as the main determining factor of eating disorders. Considering a higher rate of eating disorder among male students, therefore, more research in this group is recommended. Keywords: Eating Disorders. Body Images. Athlete Students. Non-Athlete Student

Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation for Treating Neurologic Bladder in Women: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a disabling disorder. Treatment of cases with OAB includes behavioral, pharmacological, surgical interventions and peripheral electrical stimulation. The goal of this study was to determine effects of posterior tibial nerve stimulation on sexual function and pelvic disorders in women with Overactive bladder (OAB). Fifty women were randomly assigned to PTNS (posterior tibial nerve stimulation) plus tolterodine or tolterodine alone treatment. Tolterodine group received 4 mg tolterodine daily for three months while the other group received this treatment plus percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for 12 consequence weeks. Two in PTNS group and 8 in the control group withdrew from the study. Age, education level, and occupation status were not significantly different between two groups. Mean total FSFI and its subscales were not significantly different before and after treatment between two groups. Urine leakage associated with a feeling of urgency and loss of stool or gas from the rectum beyond patient's control became significantly different after treatment between two groups. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation could help urinary problems in women with a neurologic bladder