Molecular imaging using by diffusion-weighted imaging of brain tumor through signal intensity: Progress in molecular cancer imaging

Introduction: Characterizing the variations of the brain tumors has the significant effect in the treatment process of affected patients. Brain metastatic tumors are usually diagnosed following by the neurological symptoms in patients. The purpose of this thesis is the role of diffusion-weighted-magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the evaluation of different benign and malignant brain mass lesions before surgery with histopathological correlation. Materials and Methods: In this study MR examination of 54 patients who with brain metastatic tumor referring to 7th-Tir Hospital were randomly selected and imaged with T2W Multi-echo sequences and GRE-EPI (DWI) in addition to taking the routine sequence of the brain. Results: In analyzing the data for ADCmin values were measured within the tumors and mean values were evaluated regarding statistical differences between groups.9 The ADCmin values of low-grade gliomas(1.09 ± 0.20 × 10−3 mm2/s) were signi=icantly higher (p < .001) than those of other tumors. Generally, ADC value of 0.5613 ± 0.02580 indicates brain metastatic tumors with lung origin, ADC value of 1.009 ± 0.03820 tumors with liver and breast origin, and ADC value of 1.556 ± 0.03500 tumors with colon and prostate origin. Conclusion: According to our results, Diffusion parameters during treatment were evaluated for early noninvasive biomarkers. The ADC changes from mid- to post-treatment suggest such a possible early non-invasive biomarker

Diagnostic efficacy of sonography for diagnosis of ovarian torsion

Objectives: Misdiagnosing ovarian torsion is now suggested as an important issue in clinical setting. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of sonography for ovarian torsion. Methods: In this study 323 women with acute pelvic pain with highly suspected ovarian torsion signs and symptoms attending Imam Reza Medical Center in Kermanshah between 2011 through 2012 were included and underwent a transabdominal sonography (2-5 MHz probes). Then findings of sonography were compared with laparatomy. Results: The ultrasound correctly diagnosed 72.1% of ovarian torsion and missed 27.9% of them (false negatives). However, one free subject (0.4%) was misclassified as ovarian torsion (false positive). There was a strong correlation between sonography and laparatomy with a kappa value of 84.0%. The sensitivity and specificity of sonography were 72.1% and 99.6%, respectively. Sonography had a positive predictive value of 96.9%, a negative predictive value of 95.9%, and a total accuracy of 96.0% for detection of ovarian torsion. Conclusion: Sonography appears to be an excellent method to evaluate patients with suspected ovarian torsion. Abnormal blood flow detected by sonography is highly predictive of ovarian torsion and is therefore useful in the diagnosis of this phenomenon

Risk management: how to develop a safety culture in a hospital pharmacy?

International audienceActivities of hospital pharmacies (PUI) are multiple: dispensing, patient education, risk mapping, or risk management. Transverse and integrated into the overall management of patient, they require the establishment of a systemic approach of safety

Comparative pharmacokinetics of the three echinocandins in ICU patients

Background: We conducted a prospective study in ICU patients of two tertiary hospitals in order to determine basic pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, associated variation and target attainment rates for anidulafungin, micafungin and caspofungin. Methods: Serum samples from patients treated for 7 days with the standard doses of anidulafungin (N= 13), micafungin (N= 14) or caspofungin (N= 7) were analysed by validated chromatographic methods. PK parameters determined with non-compartmental analysis were correlated with demographic, laboratory and disease severity characteristics. The percentages of patients attaining drug exposures described in the summary of product characteristics (SmPC) documents and preclinical PK/PD targets for stasis were estimated. Results: The median (range) AUC24 was 101.46 (54.95-274.15)mg-h/L for anidulafungin, 79.35 (28.00- 149.30)mg-h/L for micafungin and 48.46 (19.44-103.69)mg-h/L for caspofungin. The interindividual variability of anidulafungin, micafungin and caspofungin AUC24 was 46%-58%, attributed mainly to variability in volume of distribution (V), clearance (CL) and in both V and CL, respectively. Significant correlations were found between anidulafungin AUC24 and BMI (rs =#0.670, P = 0.012) and liver enzymes (rs = 0.572-0.665, P = 0.013-0.041) and between caspofungin Cmin and transaminase levels (rs =#0.775 to #0.786, P = 0.036-0.041). Less than 50% of our patients attained the corresponding SmPC median AUC24s and none of the patients attained the PK/PD targets for Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. Conclusions: Anidulafungin exposure in ICU patients was comparable with that reported in non-ICU patients and in healthy volunteers. Micafungin exposure was comparable to that of other patients but-30% lower than that in healthy volunteers, whereas caspofungin exposure was rather low (-50% lower than in healthy volunteers). Larger interindividual variability (50%-60%) was recorded in ICU patients compared with other groups for all three echinocandins. © 2020 Oxford University Press. All rights reserved

Effect of PACAP-27 on adenylate cyclase in ductal and acinar cells of rat submandibular gland.

In VitroJournal ArticleFLWINinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe