Numerical Experiment to Analyse the Reliability of Coarse Grid Based Numerical Methods for Modelling Groundwater Flow by Drainage Objects Like Wells in Confined Aquifer

AbstractAt the neighbourhood of several drainage objects types in shallow aquifer like fully penetrated wells, partially penetrated wells, well with laterals, horizontal drainages etc. groundwater flow forms contain frequently 2D/3D singular behaviours (e.g. logarithmical or polar singularities), which require special attention by coarse grid simulations Groundwater reservoir modelling. The first objective of the paper is to test the accuracy of Finite Volume Methods with specific reference to one of the most used standard reservoir modelling software in groundwater modelling PMWIN/MODFLOW (i.e. Processing MODFLOW for Window), Chiang (2001). The numerical experiment will be accomplished mainly for fully penetrating well (W) and partially penetrating well (ppW) using various discretization size.It will be shown that the standard Well Index method (Peaceman 1983), currently used by coarse grid simulations, allows the local correction in well blocks only for hydraulic head (or pressure) in the wellbore obtained by coarse grid simulation for imposed global discharge/recharge rate of the well. In the paper an extension of the WI based method will be proposed which allows also the well discharge rate correction by coarse grid modelling for imposed hydraulic head (imposed pressure) in the well. The proposed method is proved with several numerical simulation examples for fully wells and ppWells

Extractability of polyphenols from black currant, red currant and gooseberry and their antioxidant activity

In this study, we analyzed extracts of Ribes (black currant, red currant and gooseberry) fruits obtained with methanol, methanol 50% and water. For each extract total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content and total anthocyanin content was assessed. The antioxidant activity of extracts was evaluated by 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging capacity and by the photo-chemiluminescence (PCL) method. Identification and quantification of individual phenolic compounds was performed by means of high performance liquid chromatograph coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analyses. From each fruit, best extraction of polyphenols was obtained with methanol 50%. In case of red currants and gooseberry there was no significant difference in flavonoids and anthocyanins extraction rate by the different extraction solvents. For black currants the methanol and methanol 50% extract presented the highest antioxidant activity. For red currants extracts with methanol 50% showed stronger antioxidant activity (IC50 = 5.71 mg/ml for DPPH, IC50 = 1.17 mg/ml for ABTS) than those with methanol or water. In case of gooseberry by the DPPH test the water extract proved to be the most active (IC50 = 5.9 mg/ml). In the PCL test black currants methanol 50% extract was over 6 times more powerful as the ones from red currants. In case of gooseberries, water extract presented the highest antioxidant activity (41.84 μmol AAE/g). In black currant cyanidin-3-glucoside was the major compound. Quercetin 3-O-glucoside was identified in each sample. From cinnamic acid derivatives neochlorogenic acid was present in black currants in the highest amount (356.33 μg/g)

The Beginnings of The Modern Art

At the beginning of the 20th century visual artists found in the art the perfect field to experiment with different materials, combinations of new shapes and proportions to create new artistic currents. But this new trend has questioned the relation of classical arts with its perennial values which can not be overlooked, however radical the desire of young artists to “break” definitively with the past. Thus, in this new artistic context, many of the old art flagship techniques have been questioned and, as is always the case for predicting the “future of art”, the new artistic tendencies are absolutized and others are considered obsolete and declared “death”. The best known example is that of Marcel Duchamp, who, along with his famous ready-made exhibitions, strongly supported the death of art. Finally, the great creators of the past century felt at one point the need to relate to established art in order to better understand the “place” occupied by the generation of new artistic revolutions

9. The Importance of the Drawing in the Artistic Creation Process

In this academic paper I want to highlight the importance of the drawing and its purpose in the visual artist's creative effort which is in full artistic activity. I will illustrate what I have said previously with the drawings by artists such as Dürer Alfred, Alberto Giacometti, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Andeea Paladio and others artists who have created numerous drawings to study, or as the remarkable artworks. So, during the artistic process the sculptors, the painters or the architects draw to study, to remember or to clarify their own ideas. Many drawings are straightforward, with a single-purpose and spontaneous, but often are an intuitive response to an experience or an idea which must be necessarily put on paper. These studies are often the means by which the artists develop passages which is meant to be incorporated in a detailed and complex art composition

Flabby Ridge, a Challenge for Making Complete Dentures

In the case of old mobile denture wearers, one of the main problems is related to the dentures’ retention and insufficient stability. Our goal was to improve support and stability using a different type of final impression, with different types of impression materials. In this study we chose a number of three complete edentulous patients who presented for complete oral rehabilitation. They were wearing full acrylic dentures with poor support and stability. Complete examination revealed the presence of the flabby ridge. The impression methods for the prosthetic fields with a flabby ridge differ from the classical method by using techniques that involve the use of at least two impression materials with fluid consistency to record all the details of the prosthetic fields in the final impression, this being done in two steps; the impression of the flabby ridge areas must be done without pressure, in its resting position. The impression methods we applied led to the expected results, and the dentures succeeded in offering the patient the desired functional comfort. Using fluid impression material for the flabby ridge in a resting position, and a fenestrated custom tray, offered a good quality in adaptation, maintenance and stability of the final dentures