Revisiting the impact of consumption growth and inequality on poverty in Indonesia during decentralisation

This paper analyses the consumption growth elasticity and inequality elasticity of poverty in Indonesia with a particular focus on the decentralisation period. Using provincial panel data, the paper finds that there were more pronounced effects of income inequality on regional poverty rates during later development periods up to decentralisation in Indonesia post-2002. This indicates that the pro-poor impact of economic growth using mean consumption per capita as a proxy of economic growth during decentralisation (a reduction of around 5.7 percentage points in the headcount poverty rate) has been offset to a greater extent by rising income inequality (up from 0.329 in 2002 to 0.380 in 2010) and by the stronger negative impact of inequality on regional poverty rates. In combination, the stronger negative impact of rising inequality has contributed to an increase of around 1.9 percentage points in the headcount poverty rate

Underemployment among Mature-Age Workers in Australia

Underemployment is a serious and pervasive problem both in terms of its impact on those individuals affected, and for the economy as a whole. Underemployment is associated with job insecurity, increased casualisation and lower savings, and from a macroeconomic standpoint, underemployment is a signal of inefficiency in the utilisation of skilled labour. This article explores the patterns of underemployment for mature-age workers in Australia, a group for whom the prevalence of long spells of underemployment is especially marked. The research uses a 12-year panel dataset to analyse factors that contribute to a heightened risk of underemployment. Significant path dependency is revealed, whereby previous periods of underemployment increase the propensity towards further underemployment in the current period. Interestingly, most demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, except for the presence of older dependent children and a non-English-speaking foreign-born background for women, tend not to have any direct impact on the propensity for underemployment. These findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to triage these barriers aimed at highlighting the role of improved labour market attachment in promoting the well-being and economic contribution of mature-age workers

Marching with the Volunteers: Their Role and Impact on Beneficiary Accountability in an Indonesian NGO

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of volunteers and its impact on related accountability practices towards beneficiaries by a large humanitarian non-governmental organisation (NGO) in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach: The authors adopted a qualitative case study design. The empirical evidence comes from rich fieldwork carried out in an Indonesian NGO. The authors collected the evidence mainly via 46 interviews and five focus groups. Findings: The authors found that the case NGO drew heavily on the social and cultural capitals of volunteers in the process of serving its beneficiaries, which, in turn, facilitated the enhancement of its accountability to the beneficiaries. The authors also found that volunteers play a bridging role to reduce the distance between NGOs and beneficiaries. Research limitations/implications: For NGO managers, this study provides necessary empirical evidence on the positive role played by the volunteers in the development and operationalisation of accountability to the beneficiaries. In the authors’ case, beneficiary accountability is enhanced by the social conduct and practices performed by the NGO’s numerous volunteers. Beneficiary accountability is of significant concern to the policy makers too. This study shows that volunteers and NGO can work in a reciprocal relationship where social and cultural capital can be mobilised to each other’s advantage. To facilitate beneficiary accountability, NGOs can draw on the socio-cultural capitals held by the volunteers who appear to share the same norms and expectations with the beneficiaries. This process can also lead to the building of social and cultural capital by the volunteers themselves as they achieve great satisfaction and gain valuable experience in this process that could lead to greater satisfaction in their spiritual and material lives. Originality/value: The authors extend the previous literature on beneficiary accountability by highlighting the under-researched role of volunteers in such accountability practices. In this paper, the authors first discuss the facilitating role of volunteers in enhancing NGOs’ accountability towards beneficiaries. Then, this is illustrated empirically. In addition, the authors argue that although Bourdieusian concepts like field and capital have been widely used in the analysis of various organisational practices the concept of habitus received limited attention particularly from the context of developing countries. The authors undertake an examination of the habitus of volunteers in the Indonesian case organisation and explore their linkages with the field and associated capitals

CSR in Islamic Financial Institution : a Literature Review

This study aims to provide a literature review of previous research related to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Islamic Financial Institution (IFI). This study contains review of 53 published articles throughout 2006-2016, both in the Islamic economic and financial journal and general journal. The literature review is presented into 5 sections, (a) review by journal and publication year, (b) by research type, (c) by methodology used, (d) by research topics and (e) by theme and region. Based on the review by publication year, it shows that the concept of CSR is still a fairly new topic. Most of the studies is still dominated by qualitative research with literature review method. The majority topic is still limited to the general review of the existing CSR practices, which are descriptively presented only. The results of this study are expected to provide a research mapping of CSR in Islamic Financial Institution, so it can inspire the subsequent research to explore potential areas related to this topic. This attempt becomes increasingly necessary, with regards to the rapid development of Islamic business and finance practices around the world

N2O Emissions From Rainfed Sugarcane Plantation; Emisi N2O Dari Pertanaman Tebu Di Lahan Tadah Hujan

Expansion of sugarcane areal to support enhancement production and fulfilment target of self-sufficiency for national sugar should be conducted to see environment impact, particularly related to greenhouse gases emission. The objective of this study was to figure out N2O emission from conventional sugarcane plantation by farmer in rainfed area. The observation of N2O gas was carried out in sugarcane plantation in Sidomukti Village, Jaken District, Pati, Central Java. Sampling of N2O gas was conducted by close chamber method. The study showed that maximum fluxes of sugarcane plantation before and after fertilizer application are 4.011 and 223 µg N2O m-2 day-1. Meanwhile, after fertilizer application the maximum and minimum fluxes of N2O are 6.408 and 25 µg N2O m -2 day-1. N2O emission from sugarcane plantation recorded in rainfed area as 4.21 ± 2.53 kg N2O ha-1 year-1 with potential of global warming number as 1.31 ton CO2-e per hectar per year.Perluasan areal tanam tebu untuk mendukung peningkatan produksi dan pemenuhan target swasembada gula nasional sudah dianggap perlu untuk melihat dampak lingkungan khususnya mengenai evaluasi emisi gas rumah kaca dari pertanaman tebu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui emisi gas N2O dari sistem pertanaman tebu secara konvensional petani di lahan tadah hujan. Pengamatan gas N2O dilakukan pada lahan perkebunan tebu di desa Sidomukti Kecamatan Jaken Kabupaten Pati Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Pengambilan sampel N2O menggunakan metode sungkup tertutup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fluks maksimum pada pertanaman tebu sebelum pemupukan sebesar 4,011 µg N2O m -2 hari-1 dan fluks minimum sebesar 223 µg N2O m -2 hari-1, sedangkan fluks maksimum setelah pemupukan sebesar 6,408 µg N2O m -2 hari-1 dan fluks minimum sebesar 25 µg N2O m -2 hari-1. Emisi N2O pertanaman tebu sebesar 4.21 ± 2.53 kg N2O ha-1tahun-1 dengan nilai potensi pemanasan global sebesar 1.31 ton CO2-e per hektar per tahun

STUDI PEMBUATAN PERMEN JELLY DARI SARI BUAH NANGKA

Permen jeli merupakan permen yang terbuat dari komponen air atau sari buah, flavour, gula dan bahan pembentuk gel. Permen jeli termasuk kembang gula lunak yang mempunyai tekstur kenyal dan elastis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi pektin dan gula serta suhu dan lama pengeringan yang tepat untuk mendapatkan permen jelly dengan kualitas baik. Penelitian dilaksanakan 2 tahap : Tahap I : Menetapkan jumlah gula dan pektin Tahap II : Menetapkan Suhu dan lama Pengeringan. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap factorial dua ulangan. Penelitian Tahap I : Jumlah Gula (G) yang terdiri atas empat taraf : G1 : 50 %, G2 : 55 %, G3 : 60 %, G4 : 65 % dan Jumlah Pektin (P) yang terdiri atas empat taraf : P1 : 1,0 %, P2 : 1,5%, P3 : 2,0%, P4 : 2,5%. Penelitian Tahap II : Suhu pengeringan (S) yang terdiri dari empat taraf: S1 : 60˚C, S2 : 70˚C, S3 : 80˚C, S4 : 90˚C dan Lama pengeringan (L) yang terdiri atas empat taraf: L1 : 5 jam, L2 : 10 jam, L3 : 15 jam, L4 : 20 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk menghasilkan permen jelly yang baik dan disukai dapat dibuat dengan penggunaan jumlah gula 65% dan jumlah pektin 2,5%, memberi pengaruh yang berbeda sangat nyata (p0.01) terhadap kadar air dan warna. Sedang suhu pengeringan 800C dengan lama pengeringan 20 jam memberi pengaruh yang berbeda sangat nyata (p0.01) terhadap kadar air dan tekstur

Siloxane Based Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Polymers and Their Applications for Nanostructured Optical/Photonic Components

We have studied the preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid polymer precursors by sol-gel technique and their utilization for nanostructured optical components for photonic applications. The gel polymer precursors were prepared from siloxane modified by polymerizable acrylate groups, which can be processed further by photopolymerization process. Molecular structure characterizations by means of the FTIR measurements indicate the conversion of C=C bonds into C-C bonds after photopolymerization. This bond co nversion produces high cross-linking between the organic and inorganic moieties, resulting in thermally stable and chemically resistant thin polymer layer which provide unique advantages of this material for particular optical/photonic applications. By employing laser interference technique, gratings with periodicity between 400-1000 nm have been successfully fabricated. Application of those sub-micron periodicity of grating structure as active elements in optically pumped polymer laser system and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) based measurement system have been also explored. The experimental results therefore also show the potential applications of this hybrid polymer as a building material for micro/nano-photonics components