327 research outputs found
Lessons from a large scale deployment of DGT in the Seine basin
Diffusive Gradient in Thin film (DGT) is a speciation technique now commonly used in the scientific literature to assess metallic contamination in water. However applications usually take place in a same watercourse or in neighbouring sites. We propose here to present the first results of a large scale deployment of DGTs. The main objective of the project, which is supported by the French water agency of the Seine-Normandie basin, is to evaluate the potential of passive samplers as monitoring tools. DGT devices were deployed in 45 sites, on 30 locations in the entire Seine river basin. The sampling area was 500 km long and 200 km wide around Paris. The total sampling period lasted over the whole 2009 year. Restricted gels of 0.78 were used to measure labile Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. In parallel, raw and filtered water samples were collected to measure total and dissolved metals. General physico-chemical parameters were also measured. The whole set of measurements constitute a rich dataset including large and small rivers, and reference as well as impacted sites. The results first allow us to draw a map of total, dissolved and labile metal concentrations, representing the spatial variability of metal contamination in the Seine basin. Moreover, considering the temporal variability, different behaviours, depending on the metal, can be identified. The large scale deployment of DGT in the Seine river basin was successful: all the samples have been interpreted and are exploitable, whereas the dissolved metal samples are sometimes under the detection limit. We have then built a representative data set on the water contamination in labile metal of an urban impacted basin. The results are also interpreted as labile percentage, showing the operationally possible values of lability in contrasted environmental conditions. A first approach of the factors influencing the lability highlights the significance of the nature of the organic matter to interpret the lability of the metals
A new species of Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from the headwaters of the arheic RĂo Sucuma, Catamarca, Northwestern Argentina
Protocheirodon, a new genus of Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes) with the redescription of the poorly known Protocheirodon pi
Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann) with remarks on the phylogeny of the Stevardiinae (Teleostei: Characidae)
A review of the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon GĂŒnther (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), with description of two new species
Molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Stevardiinae Gill, 1858 (Characiformes: Characidae): classification and the evolution of reproductive traits
Abstract
Background
The subfamily Stevardiinae is a diverse and widely distributed clade of freshwater fishes from South and Central America, commonly known as âtetrasâ (Characidae). The group was named âclade Aâ when first proposed as a monophyletic unit of Characidae and later designated as a subfamily. Stevardiinae includes 48 genera and around 310 valid species with many species presenting inseminating reproductive strategy. No global hypothesis of relationships is available for this group and currently many genera are listed as incertae sedis or are suspected to be non-monophyletic.
Results
We present a molecular phylogeny with the largest number of stevardiine species analyzed so far, including 355 samples representing 153 putative species distributed in 32 genera, to test the groupâs monophyly and internal relationships. The phylogeny was inferred using DNA sequence data from seven gene fragments (mtDNA: 12S, 16S and COI; nuclear: RAG1, RAG2, MYH6 and PTR). The results support the Stevardiinae as a monophyletic group and a detailed hypothesis of the internal relationships for this subfamily.
Conclusions
A revised classification based on the molecular phylogeny is proposed that includes seven tribes and also defines monophyletic genera, including a resurrected genus Eretmobrycon, and new definitions for Diapoma, Hemibrycon, Bryconamericus sensu stricto, and Knodus sensu stricto, placing some small genera as junior synonyms. Inseminating species are distributed in several clades suggesting that reproductive strategy is evolutionarily labile in this group of fishes.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134621/1/12862_2015_Article_403.pd
A new species of the characid genus Hollandichthys Eigenmann from coastal rivers of southern Brazil (Teleostei: Characiformes) with a discussion on the diagnosis of the genus
Two new species of Odontostilbe historically hidden under O. microcephala (Characiformes: Cheirodontinae)
Specimens historically identified as Odontostilbe microcephala from the upper rio ParanĂĄ and Andean piedmont tributaries of the rĂo Paraguay are reviewed and split in three species. We found that the distribution of O. microcephala is restricted to the Andean slope of the rĂo Paraguay basin. The species is distinguished from congeners with subterminal mouth by the elongate body, usually 10-12 gill rakers on upper branch and smaller horizontal orbital diameter (24.6-32.8 % HL, mean 28.7%). Specimens from upper rio ParanĂĄ constitute two new species, diagnosed from other Cheirodontinae by the presence of mesopterygoid teeth, grouped on median portion and forming a continuous row. The new species are distinguished from each other by having premaxillary teeth with five cusps vs. nine cusps and by the number of lamellae in left and right sides of central median raphe of olfactory rosette with 20-21 vs. 11-12.EspĂ©cimes historicamente identificados com Odontostilbe microcephala do rio ParanĂĄ e tributĂĄrios do rĂo Paraguay, foram revisados e separados em trĂȘs espĂ©cies. A distribuição de O. microcephala Ă© restrita ao sopĂ© andino da bacia do rĂo Paraguay. A espĂ©cie Ă© distinta das congĂȘneres com boca subterminal pela forma alongada, geralmente 10-12 rastros branquiais no ramo superior e menor diĂąmetro horizontal da Ăłrbita (24,6-32,8 % CC, mĂ©dia 28,7%). EspĂ©cimes do alto rio ParanĂĄ constituem duas espĂ©cies novas diagnosticadas de outros Cheirodontinae pela presença de dentes no mesopterigoide, agrupados em sua porção mĂ©dia e formando uma fileira continua. As novas espĂ©cies distinguem-se por ter dentes premaxilares com cinco cĂșspides vs. nove cĂșspides e pelo nĂșmero de lamelas nos lados esquerdo e direito da rafe central da roseta olfativa com 20-21 vs. 11-12
Revision of the genus Macropsobrycon Eigenmann, 1915 (Characidae: Cheirodontinae: Compsurini)
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