Compositional analysis of soybean event IND-ØØ41Ø-5

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is the world’s largest source of protein feed and the second largest source of vegetable oil. Water restriction is the main limiting factor to achieve maximum soybean yields. Therefore, development of varieties that maintain yield under environmental stresses is a major objective of soybean breeding programs. The HaHB4 (Helianthus annuus homeobox 4) gene from sunflower encodes for a transcription factor involved in the plant´s tolerance to environmental stress. The introduction of HaHB4 in soybean led to the development of event IND-ØØ41Ø-5 (HB4® soybean), which displayed higher yield in environments having low productivity potential, compared with the parental control variety. Compositional analyses of soybean event IND-ØØ41Ø-5 were conducted both in Argentina and the United Sates. A total of 44 components were analyzed in grain and 9 components in forage. Based on the results of these studies it was concluded that soybean event IND-ØØ41Ø-5 was compositionally equivalent to its non-transgenic parental control.Fil: Chiozza, Mariana V.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología de Rosario; Argentina. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Burachik, Moises. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Miranda, Patricia Vivian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología de Rosario; Argentin

An Interdisciplinary Approach to Study the Performance of Second-generation Genetically Modified Crops in Field Trials: A Case Study With Soybean and Wheat Carrying the Sunflower HaHB4 Transcription Factor

Research, production, and use of genetically modified (GM) crops have split the world between supporters and opponents. Up to now, this technology has been limited to the control of weeds and pests, whereas the second generation of GM crops is expected to assist farmers in abiotic stress tolerance or improved nutritional features. Aiming to analyze this subject holistically, in this presentation we address an advanced technology for drought-tolerant GM crops, upscaling from molecular details obtained in the laboratory to an extensive network of field trials as well as the impact of the introduction of this innovation into the market. Sunflower has divergent transcription factors, which could be key actors in the drought response orchestrating several signal transduction pathways, generating an improved performance to deal with water deficit. One of such factors, HaHB4, belongs to the homeodomain-leucine zipper family and was first introduced in Arabidopsis. Transformed plants had improved tolerance to water deficits, through the inhibition of ethylene sensitivity and not by stomata closure. Wheat and soybean plants expressing the HaHB4 gene were obtained and cropped across a wide range of growing conditions exhibiting enhanced adaptation to drought-prone environments, the most important constraint affecting crop yield worldwide. The performance of wheat and soybean, however, differed slightly across mentioned environments; whereas the improved behavior of GM wheat respect to controls was less dependent on the temperature regime (cool or warm), differences between GM and wild-type soybeans were remarkably larger in warmer compared to cooler conditions. In both species, these GM crops are good candidates to become market products in the near future. In anticipation of consumers’ and other stakeholders’ interest, spectral analyses of field crops have been conducted to differentiate these GM crops from wild type and commercial cultivars. In this paper, the potential impact of the release of such market products is discussed, considering the perspectives of different stakeholders.Fil: González, Fernanda Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino; ArgentinaFil: Rigalli, Nicolas Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Centro Internacional Franco Argentino de Ciencias de la Información y de Sistemas. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Centro Internacional Franco Argentino de Ciencias de la Información y de Sistemas; ArgentinaFil: Miranda, Patricia Vivian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Romagnoli, Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Centro Internacional Franco Argentino de Ciencias de la Información y de Sistemas. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Centro Internacional Franco Argentino de Ciencias de la Información y de Sistemas; ArgentinaFil: Ribichich, Karina Fabiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Trucco, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Portapila, Margarita Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Centro Internacional Franco Argentino de Ciencias de la Información y de Sistemas. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Centro Internacional Franco Argentino de Ciencias de la Información y de Sistemas; ArgentinaFil: Otegui, Maria Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Chan, Raquel Lia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral; Argentin

BARRERAS CONTEXTUALES PARA LA PARTICIPACIÓN DE LAS PERSONAS CON DISCAPACIDAD FÍSICA

RESUMENLa discapacidad es un problema de salud pública preocupante debido al incremento que ha tenido su prevalencia en los últimos años. Recientemente han ocurrido cambios en la conceptualización de la discapacidad y se han fortalecido las políticas públicas a nivel internacional y nacional que promueven la inclusión de este grupo poblacional. Sin embargo, las personas con discapacidad física continúan experimentando  barreras  que  difcultan  su  inclusión  y  participación  en  la  sociedad.  Los  principales factores limitantes de la participación son aquellos de orden físico, político, personal y social los cuales limitan la inclusión de estas personas en escenarios relacionados con la práctica de actividad física y recreación, con las actividades laborales y con el acceso a servicios de salud y de educación.Palabras clave: discapacidad, accesibilidad a los servicios de salud, actividad física, recreación,educación.CONTEXTUAL BARRIERS TO PARTICIPATION OF PEOPLE WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITYABSTRACTDisability is a worrying public health problem due to its increasing prevalence. Recently, the concept of disability has changed, with the strengthened of national and international public policy that promote the inclusion and participation of persons with disability. However, persons with physical disabilities continue to experience barriers that restrict their participation and inclusion into society. The main limiting factors for social inclusion are related to physical environment, policies, personals factors and social barriers that restrict the physical activity, recreation, occupational activity and accessibility to education and health services. Key words: disability, health services accessibility, physical activity, recreation, education.

Instrumentos utilizados para la identificación y/o medición de las barreras ambientales que experimentan las personas con discapacidad física y sus propiedades psicométricas.

RESUMENEl ambiente es un factor que influye sobre la participación de las personas con discapacidad física (pdf) en diferentes escenarios. Este artículo describe los instrumentos empleados en estudios internacionales  para la identificación y/o medición de las barreras ambientales que experimentan las PDF y las propiedades psicométricas que han sido evaluadas en cada uno de ellos. Algunos de estos instrumentos se basan en la subjetividad del evaluador (auto-reporte) y otros evalúan las barreras de forma objetiva mediante la observación directa de un experto. Con base en la revisión presentada se pretende explicitar la importancia que tiene la realización de estudios relacionados en nuestro contexto.Palabras clave: discapacidad, ambiente, participación social, mediciones, auto-reporte.Instruments used for the identification and/or measurement of environmental barriers experienced by people with disabilities and their psychometric propertiesABSTRACTThe environment is a factor influencing participation of people with physical disabilities (PPD) in different situations. This article describes the instruments used in international studies to identify and/or measure the environment barriers that PDP experience and the psychometric properties that have been evaluated in each one of them. Some of these instruments are based on subjective of the evaluator (self-report), and others evaluate in an objective way through the direct observation of an expert. Based on the review presented, looks to draw attention about the importance that could have studies realized with this topic in our context.Keywords: disability, environment, social participation, measurements, self report Forma de citar: Ramírez Ramírez C, Serrano Ruiz CP, Abril Miranda JP, Clavijo González N, Guerra Urquijo LY, Ramón CArmargo LV. Instrumentos utilizados para la identificación y/o medición de las barreras ambientales que experimentan las personas con discapacidad física y sus propiedades psicométricas. rev.univ.ind.santander.salud 2014; 46 (1): 71-8

Instrumentos utilizados para la identificación y/o medición de las barreras ambientales que experimentan las personas con discapacidad física y sus propiedades psicométricas.

RESUMENEl ambiente es un factor que influye sobre la participación de las personas con discapacidad física (pdf) en diferentes escenarios. Este artículo describe los instrumentos empleados en estudios internacionales  para la identificación y/o medición de las barreras ambientales que experimentan las PDF y las propiedades psicométricas que han sido evaluadas en cada uno de ellos. Algunos de estos instrumentos se basan en la subjetividad del evaluador (auto-reporte) y otros evalúan las barreras de forma objetiva mediante la observación directa de un experto. Con base en la revisión presentada se pretende explicitar la importancia que tiene la realización de estudios relacionados en nuestro contexto.Palabras clave: discapacidad, ambiente, participación social, mediciones, auto-reporte.Instruments used for the identification and/or measurement of environmental barriers experienced by people with disabilities and their psychometric propertiesABSTRACTThe environment is a factor influencing participation of people with physical disabilities (PPD) in different situations. This article describes the instruments used in international studies to identify and/or measure the environment barriers that PDP experience and the psychometric properties that have been evaluated in each one of them. Some of these instruments are based on subjective of the evaluator (self-report), and others evaluate in an objective way through the direct observation of an expert. Based on the review presented, looks to draw attention about the importance that could have studies realized with this topic in our context.Keywords: disability, environment, social participation, measurements, self report Forma de citar: Ramírez Ramírez C, Serrano Ruiz CP, Abril Miranda JP, Clavijo González N, Guerra Urquijo LY, Ramón CArmargo LV. Instrumentos utilizados para la identificación y/o medición de las barreras ambientales que experimentan las personas con discapacidad física y sus propiedades psicométricas. rev.univ.ind.santander.salud 2014; 46 (1): 71-8

BARRERAS CONTEXTUALES PARA LA PARTICIPACIÓN DE LAS PERSONAS CON DISCAPACIDAD FÍSICA

RESUMENLa discapacidad es un problema de salud pública preocupante debido al incremento que ha tenido su prevalencia en los últimos años. Recientemente han ocurrido cambios en la conceptualización de la discapacidad y se han fortalecido las políticas públicas a nivel internacional y nacional que promueven la inclusión de este grupo poblacional. Sin embargo, las personas con discapacidad física continúan experimentando  barreras  que  difcultan  su  inclusión  y  participación  en  la  sociedad.  Los  principales factores limitantes de la participación son aquellos de orden físico, político, personal y social los cuales limitan la inclusión de estas personas en escenarios relacionados con la práctica de actividad física y recreación, con las actividades laborales y con el acceso a servicios de salud y de educación.Palabras clave: discapacidad, accesibilidad a los servicios de salud, actividad física, recreación,educación.CONTEXTUAL BARRIERS TO PARTICIPATION OF PEOPLE WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITYABSTRACTDisability is a worrying public health problem due to its increasing prevalence. Recently, the concept of disability has changed, with the strengthened of national and international public policy that promote the inclusion and participation of persons with disability. However, persons with physical disabilities continue to experience barriers that restrict their participation and inclusion into society. The main limiting factors for social inclusion are related to physical environment, policies, personals factors and social barriers that restrict the physical activity, recreation, occupational activity and accessibility to education and health services. Key words: disability, health services accessibility, physical activity, recreation, education.

Evenness mediates the global relationship between forest productivity and richness

1. Biodiversity is an important component of natural ecosystems, with higher species richness often correlating with an increase in ecosystem productivity. Yet, this relationship varies substantially across environments, typically becoming less pronounced at high levels of species richness. However, species richness alone cannot reflect all important properties of a community, including community evenness, which may mediate the relationship between biodiversity and productivity. If the evenness of a community correlates negatively with richness across forests globally, then a greater number of species may not always increase overall diversity and productivity of the system. Theoretical work and local empirical studies have shown that the effect of evenness on ecosystem functioning may be especially strong at high richness levels, yet the consistency of this remains untested at a global scale. 2. Here, we used a dataset of forests from across the globe, which includes composition, biomass accumulation and net primary productivity, to explore whether productivity correlates with community evenness and richness in a way that evenness appears to buffer the effect of richness. Specifically, we evaluated whether low levels of evenness in speciose communities correlate with the attenuation of the richness–productivity relationship. 3. We found that tree species richness and evenness are negatively correlated across forests globally, with highly speciose forests typically comprising a few dominant and many rare species. Furthermore, we found that the correlation between diversity and productivity changes with evenness: at low richness, uneven communities are more productive, while at high richness, even communities are more productive. 4. Synthesis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that evenness is an integral component of the relationship between biodiversity and productivity, and that the attenuating effect of richness on forest productivity might be partly explained by low evenness in speciose communities. Productivity generally increases with species richness, until reduced evenness limits the overall increases in community diversity. Our research suggests that evenness is a fundamental component of biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships, and is of critical importance for guiding conservation and sustainable ecosystem management decisions

Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

Determining the drivers of non-native plant invasions is critical for managing native ecosystems and limiting the spread of invasive species$^{1,2}$. Tree invasions in particular have been relatively overlooked, even though they have the potential to transform ecosystems and economies$^{3,4}$. Here, leveraging global tree databases$^{5,6,7}$, we explore how the phylogenetic and functional diversity of native tree communities, human pressure and the environment influence the establishment of non-native tree species and the subsequent invasion severity. We find that anthropogenic factors are key to predicting whether a location is invaded, but that invasion severity is underpinned by native diversity, with higher diversity predicting lower invasion severity. Temperature and precipitation emerge as strong predictors of invasion strategy, with non-native species invading successfully when they are similar to the native community in cold or dry extremes. Yet, despite the influence of these ecological forces in determining invasion strategy, we find evidence that these patterns can be obscured by human activity, with lower ecological signal in areas with higher proximity to shipping ports. Our global perspective of non-native tree invasion highlights that human drivers influence non-native tree presence, and that native phylogenetic and functional diversity have a critical role in the establishment and spread of subsequent invasions