Risk security evaluation of the Port of Alicante with the Mosler Method

Siendo el objetivo del presente trabajo la evaluación del riesgo de protección del Puerto de Alicante; como pueden ser la inmigración ilegal, ataques terroristas, catástrofes naturales o actos de menor gravedad y motivado por la importancia que conlleva la realización de un buen plan de protección, me he basado en el sistema de análisis secuencial de riesgo Mosler, que es la base del sistema informático Security Port de la Comunidad Europea utilizado en la actualidad por las Autoridades Portuarias para la realización de los planes de protección. En primer lugar, se procederá a explicar los orígenes del Puerto de Alicante, así como su evolución, dimensiones, terminales que se encuentran en su área y aquellas que trabajan hoy en día; además de describirlo geográfica, física, climatológica y funcionalmente. Una vez conocido el puerto de Alicante, se continuará introduciendo el método que se ha utilizado para la evaluación, es decir, el Método Mosler; explicando la manera que éste tiene para evaluar los factores de riesgo que posiblemente dañen las instalaciones si no se aplican los sistemas de seguridad adecuados. Dentro del capítulo donde se explica el Método, en su segunda fase se realizará el análisis de cada uno de los factores de riesgo que podemos encontrar en el Puerto de Alicante, esto es, todas aquellas vulnerabilidades que pueden darse en la instalación portuaria y que ponen en peligro su integridad, así como la de los trabajadores; continuando con la utilización del Método para lograr determinar los niveles de cada uno de ellos y su rango de peligrosidad. Con ello conseguiremos visualizar cuales son aquellas zonas que necesitan mayor vigilancia y medidas contingentes para evitar males mayores o si el nivel de riesgo es adecuado y seguro. Por último, encontraremos las conclusiones obtenidas tras analizar los riesgos que se pueden ocasionar en el ámbito de la protección marítima, con el objetivo de evitar y minimizar el daño que cualquiera de estas situaciones pudiera provocar a las instalaciones marítimo-portuarias del Puerto de Alicante y se comparará con el nivel establecido por el Gobierno de España.The objective of this Work is to evaluate the security risk from the Port of Alicante, such as illegal immigration, terrorist attacks, natural disasters or acts of lesser gravity, and motivated about the importance of a Self-Security Plan entails, I have based on the sequential risk analysis system Mosler. It is the base of the European Community Computer System Security Port, which is used for the Port Authorities to make de self-security plans nowadays. First of all, I have proceeded to explain the origins of the Port of Alicante and its evolution, dimensions, terminals which are in the port area and those who work today. Furthermore, I have described it geographically, physically, climatology and functionally. Once known the Port of Alicante, I have continued introducing the method which I have used to the evaluation, this is, the Mosler Method; explaining how it works to evaluate the risk factors which damage the installation if we do not apply the correct safety systems. In the chapter where the method is explained, in the second phase, I have done the analysis of each risk factor that we can find in the Port of Alicante, this is, all of the vulnerabilities. Those vulnerabilities could happen in the port installation and endanger its integrity and the human life. After this part, I have continued using the Mosler Method to determine the levels of each risk factors. With that, we dig out what zones need a big vigilance and contingent measures to avoid worst damages or if the level is right and secure. Finally, we can find the conclusions which I have obtained after studying the risks which could be done in the maritime security. It has the objective to avoid and minimize the damage from any of these situations could be provoked to the maritime installation of the Port of Alicante. Finishing, It was compared with the risk level which have been established by the Spain GovernmentGrado en Ingeniería Náutica y Transporte Marítim

Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a booster regimen of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against COVID-19 (ENSEMBLE2) : results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Background Despite the availability of effective vaccines against COVID-19, booster vaccinations are needed to maintain vaccine-induced protection against variant strains and breakthrough infections. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine (Janssen) as primary vaccination plus a booster dose. Methods ENSEMBLE2 is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial including crossover vaccination after emergency authorisation of COVID-19 vaccines. Adults aged at least 18 years without previous COVID-19 vaccination at public and private medical practices and hospitals in Belgium, Brazil, Colombia, France, Germany, the Philippines, South Africa, Spain, the UK, and the USA were randomly assigned 1:1 via a computer algorithm to receive intramuscularly administered Ad26.COV2.S as a primary dose plus a booster dose at 2 months or two placebo injections 2 months apart. The primary endpoint was vaccine efficacy against the first occurrence of molecularly confirmed moderate to severe-critical COVID-19 with onset at least 14 days after booster vaccination, which was assessed in participants who received two doses of vaccine or placebo, were negative for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR at baseline and on serology at baseline and day 71, had no major protocol deviations, and were at risk of COVID-19 (ie, had no PCR-positive result or discontinued the study before day 71). Safety was assessed in all participants; reactogenicity, in terms of solicited local and systemic adverse events, was assessed as a secondary endpoint in a safety subset (approximately 6000 randomly selected participants). The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04614948, and is ongoing. Findings Enrolment began on Nov 16, 2020, and the primary analysis data cutoff was June 25, 2021. From 34 571 participants screened, the double-blind phase enrolled 31 300 participants, 14 492 of whom received two doses (7484 in the Ad26.COV2.S group and 7008 in the placebo group) and 11 639 of whom were eligible for inclusion in the assessment of the primary endpoint (6024 in the Ad26.COV2.S group and 5615 in the placebo group). The median (IQR) follow-up post-booster vaccination was 36 center dot 0 (15 center dot 0-62 center dot 0) days. Vaccine efficacy was 75 center dot 2% (adjusted 95% CI 54 center dot 6-87 center dot 3) against moderate to severe-critical COVID-19 (14 cases in the Ad26.COV2.S group and 52 cases in the placebo group). Most cases were due to the variants alpha (B.1.1.7) and mu (B.1.621); endpoints for the primary analysis accrued from Nov 16, 2020, to June 25, 2021, before the global dominance of delta (B.1.617.2) or omicron (B.1.1.529). The booster vaccine exhibited an acceptable safety profile. The overall frequencies of solicited local and systemic adverse events (evaluated in the safety subset, n=6067) were higher among vaccine recipients than placebo recipients after the primary and booster doses. The frequency of solicited adverse events in the Ad26.COV2.S group were similar following the primary and booster vaccinations (local adverse events, 1676 [55 center dot 6%] of 3015 vs 896 [57 center dot 5%] of 1559, respectively; systemic adverse events, 1764 [58 center dot 5%] of 3015 vs 821 [52 center dot 7%] of 1559, respectively). Solicited adverse events were transient and mostly grade 1-2 in severity. Interpretation A homologous Ad26.COV2.S booster administered 2 months after primary single-dose vaccination in adults had an acceptable safety profile and was efficacious against moderate to severe-critical COVID-19. Studies assessing efficacy against newer variants and with longer follow-up are needed. Funding Janssen Research & Development. Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd