Numerical Solution of Stochastic Partial Differential Equations with Correlated Noise

In this paper we investigate the numerical solution of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) for a wider class of stochastic equations. We focus on non-diagonal colored noise instead of the usual space-time white noise. By applying a spectral Galerkin method for spatial discretization and a numerical scheme in time introduced by Jentzen $\&$ Kloeden, we obtain the rate of path-wise convergence in the uniform topology. The main assumptions are either uniform bounds on the spectral Galerkin approximation or uniform bounds on the numerical data. Numerical examples illustrate the theoretically predicted convergence rate

Experiences of family from caring patient suffering from trauma: a qualitative study

Background and aims: Among all institutions, organizations and social institutes, family has most important, valuable and effective role which leads to its important duty in patient care after discharge. Thus, the present study seeks to express experiences of families of traumatic patients after discharge from special cares section of Dr. Fatemi hospital regarding confronting with patient care at home in Ardebil. Methods: In the study, a qualitative approach by phenomenology method was used. Sampling method was purpose-based and selected from special cares section of Dr. Fatemi hospital. For data collection, unstructured deep interview, until data saturation, was used which finally number of participants reached to 13 persons and data analysis was done by Colaizzi seven-stage method. Results: Analysis of experiences of participants led to detection of 241 initial codes and making themes of initial shock with sub-conception of "not believing the present situation", "knowing guilty self and others", "confronting with patient" and "care" with sub-conceptions of "feeling inability in patient care" and conception of "being hard and impossible the patient care" as sub-stratum of "unexpected encounter". Conclusion: According to gathered findings, families in first days after discharge have a high-stress time regarding patient condition and their care conditions at home and for better compatibility need to help of the treatment team and governmental organizations and correct protection of the families is a necessary step

Breast cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of Camellia Sinensis (green tea): an updated review.

INTRODUCTION Camellia sinensis belongs to the plant family of Theaceae, native to East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia, but naturalized in many parts of the world. The aim of this study was to overview its anti-breast cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects. This review article is aimed to overview breast cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of Camellia sinensis (green tea). METHODS This review article was carried out by searching studies in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and IranMedex databases. The initial search strategy identified around 108 references. In this study, 68 studies were accepted for further screening, and met all our inclusion criteria [in English, full text, chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of Camellia sinensis and dated mainly from the year 1999 to 2016. The search terms were Camellia sinensis, chemopreventive, chemotherapeutic properties, pharmacological effects. RESULT The result of this study suggested that the catechin available in Camellia sinensis has properties which can prevent and treat breast cancer. It has also been shown to inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cells and to block carcinogenesis. It was found that increased Camellia sinensis consumption may lower the risk of breast cancer. Camellia sinensis intake was shown to reduce the risk of breast cancer incidence. In addition, potential breast cancer chemopreventive effect of Camellia sinensis both in vivo and in vitro was highly confirmed. However, the evidence of low effect and no effect was observed. More clinical trial studies are needed to prove its anti-breast cancer activity decisively. CONCLUSION Camellia sinensis is broadly utilized as a part of customary medication since antiquated time because of its cost adequacy, and fewer reaction properties. The studies demonstrated anti-breast cancer activity of Camellia sinensis and its component by adjusting cell signaling pathways such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, and transcription factor. Furthermore, Camellia sinensis and its chemical compound was shown to be extremely useful in the development of novel anticancer medications

The relationship between upper mantle anisotropic structures beneath California, transpression, and absolute plate motions

We calculated SKS splitting parameters for the California Integrated Seismic Network. In southern California, we also estimated splitting in the upper 100 km using azimuthal anisotropy determined from surface waves. The inferred splitting from surface waves in the mantle lithosphere is small (on average < 0.2 s) compared with SKS splitting (1.5 s) and obtains a maximum value (0.5 s) in the transpressive region of the Big Bend, south of, and aligned with, the San Andreas Fault (SAF). In contrast, the SKS splitting is approximately E-W and is relatively uniform spatially either side of the Big Bend of the SAF. These differences suggest that most of the SKS splitting is generated much deeper (down to 300–400 km) than previously thought, probably in the asthenosphere. Fast directions align with absolute plate motions (APM) in northern and southeastern California but not in southwestern California. We interpret the parallelism with APM as indicating the SKS anisotropy is caused by cumulative drag of the asthenosphere by the overlying plates. The discrepancy in southwestern California arises from the diffuse boundary there compared to the north, where relative plate motion has concentrated near the SAF system. In southern California the relative motion originated offshore in the Borderlands and gradually transitioned onshore to the SAF system. This has given rise to smaller displacement across the SAF (160–180 km) compared with central and northern California (400–500 km). Thus, in southwestern California the inherited anisotropy, from prior North American APM, has not yet been overprinted by Pacific APM

Consumer and retailer perceptions of hypermarkets and traditional retail stores in Portugal

Since its appearance in the mid 1980s, the hypermarket is a symbol of the modernisation of Portugal. It has dramatically changed not only the retailing structure in this country but also Portuguese buying behaviour. To better understand these changes, personal interviews were conducted with 500 Braga consumers. In addition, a mailed survey was administered in the same market to 204 traditional retailers. The results show that, for consumers, the hypermarket is the preferred type of retail store for frequently purchased packaged goods, due to its low prices and convenient one-stop shopping. The perception of traditional retailers is that the hypermarkets affected them negatively. The comparative analysis suggests that, although consumers do not have a negative opinion about traditional retail, they do not share the same favourable opinion that traditional retailers have about themselves.(undefined)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Carbon nanotubes reinforced electrospun polymer nanofibres

With the rapid development in nanoscience and nanotechnology, there is an ever increasing demand for polymer fibres of diameters down to a nanometre scale having multiple functionalities. Electrospinning, as a simple and efficient nanofibre-making technology, has been used to produce polymer nanofibres for diverse applications. Electrospun nanofibresbased on polymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites are very attractive multifunctional nanomaterials because they combine the remarkable mechanical and electronic properties of CNTs and the confinement-enhanced CNTs alignment within the nanofibre structure, which could greatly improve the fibre mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. In this chapter, we summarise recent research progress on electrospun CNTs/polymer nanofibres, with an emphasis on fibre mechanical properties and structure-property attributes. Outlook towards the challenge and future directions in this field is also presented.<br /

The reliability and validity of a designed setup for the assessment of static back extensor force and endurance in older women with and without hyperkyphosis.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the intra-rater reliability and validity of a designed load cell setup for the measurement of back extensor muscle force and endurance.ParticipantsThe study sample included 19 older women with hyperkyphosis, mean age 67.0&nbsp;±&nbsp;5.0&nbsp;years, and 14 older women without hyperkyphosis, mean age 63.0&nbsp;±&nbsp;6.0&nbsp;years.MethodsMaximum back extensor force and endurance were measured in a sitting position with a designed load cell setup. Tests were performed by the same examiner on two separate days within a 72-hour interval. The intra-rater reliability of the measurements was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard errors of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC). The validity of the setup was determined using Pearson correlation analysis and independent t-test.ResultsUsing our designed load cell, the values of ICC indicated very high reliability of force measurement (hyperkyphosis group: 0.96, normal group: 0.97) and high reliability of endurance measurement (hyperkyphosis group: 0.82, normal group: 0.89). For all tests, the values of SEM and MDC were low in both groups. A significant correlation between two documented forces (load cell force and target force) and significant differences in the muscle force and endurance among the two groups were found.ConclusionThe measurements of static back muscle force and endurance are reliable and valid with our designed setup in older women with and without hyperkyphosis