Research on Reasoning and Modeling of Solving Mathematics Situation Word Problems of Primary Schools

[[abstract]]This research developed a web-based reasoning of mathematical situation word problems using the natural language processing technology. Our system provided the steps of morphological analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis and rule judgment to infer the semantic structure and operational structure of situation word problems. It also adopted the language of MathML and SVG to provide the web-based illustration of solving procedure in mathematical situation word problems. Keywords: situation word problem; natural language processing; MathML; SVG

The Role of Cultural Values in the Interpretation of Significant Life Experiences

Researchers in adult education have investigated the phenomenon of meaning-making for decades. However, majority of studies mainly focus on the psychological process of meaning-making, rather than examining how contextual elements, especially cultural values, affect the process of interpretation. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of cultural values in the interpretation of significant life experiences as perceived by Taiwanese Chinese in the U. S

The Journey From Drug Addiction to Drug Withdrawal: A Christian Gospel Rehabilitation Program in Taiwan

Background World Drug Report estimates the number of opioid users at 53 million and identifies opioids as responsible for two thirds of the 585,000 people who died as a result of drug use in 2017. Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the testimonies of 30 people regarding their journeys from drug addiction to drug withdrawal in Taiwan. Methods This was a qualitative research design. The sample inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) being a drug abuser, (b) completed the Christian Gospel Drug Withdrawal Program or church-sponsored program, and (c) shared their related testimony on the Good TV television channel in Taiwan. The participants\u27 stories were posted in Chinese, transcribed by the author, and translated from Chinese into English. Content analysis was used to identify the major themes. Results Of the 30 participants, 24 were male (80%) and six were female (20%). The major themes identified in their testimonies were: (a) Using illegal drugs related to peer recognition, lack of knowledge, and temptations; (b) drug addiction was an endless pain cycle; (c) turning points related to love, repentance, and hope; (d) drug withdrawal was related to avoiding temptation and overcoming the drug withdrawal syndrome through the Holy Spirit; and (e) outcomes were faith and new life. Conclusions/Implications for Practice In this study, people who received the gospel drug withdrawal programs expressed that their lives had changed, they had withdrawn from drugs successfully, they had become volunteers to help others, and interactions with their family had improved. These programs may be applied in the mental health nursing profession

Pattern collapse in lithographic nanostructures: quantifying photoresist nanostructure behavior and novel methods for collapse mitigation

The Microelectronics industry has continuously pushed the limit of critical dimensions to sub-20 nm. One of the challenges is pattern collapse, caused by unbalanced capillary forces during the final rinse and drying process. The use of surfactants offers a convenient method to reduce capillary forces but causes another deformation issue. This thesis work focuses on alternative approaches that are compatible with lithographic processes to mitigate pattern collapse. First, an e-beam lithography pattern with a series of varying line and space widths has been specifically designed in order to quantitatively study pattern collapse behavior. This pattern generates increasing stress in the pairs of resist lines as one moves across the pattern array and eventually a sufficiently small space value (critical space, S1c) is reached in each array such that the stress applied to the resist exceeds the critical stress (σc) required for pattern bending and subsequently feature deformation and collapse occurrs. The patterns we designed allow us to qualitatively and quantitatively study pattern collapse and obtain consistent, reproducible results. In the first part of the thesis work, a quick surface crosslink (called a reactive rinse) that involves the strengthening of the resist using crosslinking via carbodiimide chemistry while the resist structures are still in their wet state, has been developed and demonstrated. This technique provides efficient and significant improvement on the pattern collapse issue. In the second part of the thesis work, a triethoxysilane compound, vinyl ether silane (VE), has been successfully synthesized. It can be used to modify the silicon or silicon nitride substrates and form a covalent bond with the resist film instead of manipulating the surface energies using common HMDS. Compared to traditional Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) vapor primed surfaces, the implementation of the VE adhesion promoter resulted in a significant improvement in the adhesion and resistance to adhesion based pattern collapse failure in small sub-60 nm resist features. In the third part of the thesis work, the effect of drying rates and drying methods has been systematically studied. SEM analysis and critical stress results showed that fast drying appear to reduce the resist collapse. The line pair orientations in each pattern array with respect to the wafer radius reveal an apparent effect of fluid flow and centrifugal forces on collapse. Finally, a comprehensive pattern collapse model that incorporates adhesion based pattern failure and elastoplastic deformation-based failure, and dimensionally dependent resist modulus properties has been developed. This model provides such an excellent prediction of the experimental data and supports the idea that this level of combined adhesion-failure and elastoplastic-failure based pattern collapse modeling, where one explicitly considers the dimensionally dependent mechanical properties of the resist can be quantitatively predictive and useful for understanding the pattern collapse behavior of polymeric nanostructures.PhDCommittee Chair: Henderson, Clifford; Committee Member: Meredith, J. Carson; Committee Member: Hess, Dennis; Committee Member: Reichmanis, Elsa; Committee Member: Tolbert, Lare

The Skewed Voices and Lost Meaning: The Reflections of Multilingual Issues in the Cross-cultural Context

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the correlative effects of multilingualism, as it is associated within a cross-cultural context. Strategies that were used to assure language accuracy and reliability of the study will also be discussed

Application of Modified Correction-Factor Analysis to Solvent Extraction in Rectangular Membrane Modules with External Recycle

[[abstract]]The expressions of mass transfer rate for membrane extraction through a rectangular module with external recycle have been derived under cocurrent-flow, countercurrent-flow and cross-flow operations based on the modified correction-factor analysis coupled with the mass balances. These expressions are explicit and the results can be readily calculated without using try-and-error method, which should be employed in the classical correction-factor analysis for designing heat and mass exchangers. For cross-flow operation, the correction factors are function of flow rate, mass-transfer area, distribution coefficient and overall mass-transfer coefficient, and some values of them are given graphically. Considerable improvement in mass transfer rate is achievable if the devices are operated with recycle, leading to increase the mass transfer coefficient.[[notice]]補正完

Political and Cultural Foundations of Long-term Care Reform; Comment on “Financing Long-term Care: Lessons From Japan”

This paper comments on Naoki Ikegami’s editorial entitled “Financing long-term care: lessons from Japan.” Adding to the editorial, this paper focuses on analyzing the political and cultural foundations of long-term care (LTC) reform. Intergenerational solidarity and inclusive, prudential public deliberation are needed for the establishment or reform of LTC systems. Among various lines of ethical reasoning related to LTC, Confucian ethics and other familist ethics are specifically important in the societies that share these values. The core issue in the debates around LTC reform is how to (re-)define the scope of social entitlements and accordingly to allocate the responsibility for care between states and families, between social groups, and between generations with limited resources

Collector efficiency of double-flow solar air heaters with fins attached

[[abstract]]A design for inserting an absorbing plate to divide the air duct into two channels (the upper and the lower) for double-flow operation in solar air heaters with fins attached over and under the absorbing plate has been investigated both experimentally and analytically. The present work is restricted to the case where the outside air is being heated directly, and the configuration investigated here will have lower collector efficiency if the inlet-air temperature is substantially higher than the ambient temperature because of the far greater potential for heat loss from the top. However, the double-flow device introduced here was designed for creating a solar collector with heat-transfer area double between the absorbing plate and heated air. This advantage may compensate for the heat loss from the top when the inlet-air temperature is higher than the ambient temperature. The agreement of the theoretical predictions with those measured values from the experimental results is fairly good. Considerable improvement in collector efficiency of solar air heaters with fins attached is obtained by employing such a double-flow device, instead of using a single-flow example and operating at the same total flow rate. Both the theoretical predictions and experimental results showed that the optimal fraction of airflow rate in upper and lower subchannels is around the value of 0.5. The effect of the flow-rate ratio of the two air streams of flowing over and under the absorbing plate on the enhancement of collector efficiency is also investigated.[[notice]]補正完

Assessing the carry-over effects of both human capital and organizational forgetting on sustainability performance using dynamic data envelopment analysis

Many studies have documented that human capital, which is a result of professional knowledge accumulation, continuously improves sustainability performance over time. Organizational forgetting is the loss of such professional knowledge, and it results in lower sustainability performance. Thus, human capital and organizational forgetting can be respectively treated as good and bad carry-overs. Both human capital and organizational forgetting may reflect business cycle fluctuations. The data envelopment analysis model has not been employed to examine the impact of either human capital or organizational forgetting on sustainability performance in multi-stages. The aim of this study is to develop a three-stage approach to incorporate the carry-over effects of both human capital and organizational forgetting and the effects of business cycle fluctuations on overall and term sustainability performance using data from Taiwan’s 16 major industrial sectors. The study finds that the carry-over effects of human capital and organizational forgetting lead to accurate estimations of sustainability performance and illustrates that the development of the industrial economy is a critical factor for adjusting human capital. Governments should implement economic stabilization policies and increase investment in education and safe capital to improve human capital accumulation and enhance sustainability performance