The African species of the genus Schendylurus Silvestri, 1907. (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Schendylidae)

Fil: Pereira, Luis Alberto. División Zoología Invertebrados. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Minelli, Alessandro. Dipartimento di Biologia. Università di Padova; Itali

A new record of <i>Schendyloides alacer</i> (Pocock, 1891) from the Falkland Islands and a redescription of the species (Chilopoda Geophilomorpha)

Original as well as subsequent descriptions of the geophilomorph centipede Schendyloides alacer (Pocock, 1891) are quite unsatisfactory and incomplete. Therefore, we seize here the opportunity to supplement them with data originating from new material of this species recently examined by us. This study has been prompted by the examination of a specimen collected in the Falkland Islands by Prof. (Emeritus) A. Macfadyen (Coleraine, Northern Ireland) who recently sent it to one of us (LAP) for identification. We have compared this specimen, as well as the additional ones from Southern Argentina, with the type series of Scolioplanes magellanicus Attems, 1897, which we regard as a synonym of Pocock’s species, alongwith Crabill’s (1964) lines. Both nominal species were described from the Straits of Magellan region. Both Pocock’s and Attems’s type material was checked by Crabill before synonymyzing magellanicus with alacer.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

On two new species of <i>Schendylurus</i> Silvestri 1907 from Venezuela, with redescription of <i>S. colombianus</i> Chamberlin 1921 and <i>S. virgingordae</i> Crabill 1960 (Chilopoda Geophilomorpha Schendylidae)

Two new species o£ Schendylurus Silvestri 1907 are described, i.e., 5. minutus n. sp. from Rancho Grande, Venezuela, and S. paolettii from Boconó, Venezuela. Two further species of the same genus are redescribed, viz., 5. colombianus Chamberlin 1921 (after the holotype) and S. virgingordae Crabill 1960 (after a new specimen from the coralline bay Playa Mero, Morrocoy, State of Falcon, Venezuela, which has been compared with the type material). This latter species seems to be halophilous, probably distributed across oceanic spaces by rafting. A key is provided for the identification of the species of Schendylurus of Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, northern South America, Central America and the West Indies.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Markets and contracts

Economies with asymmetric information are encompassed by an extension of the model of general competitive equilibrium that does not require an explicit modeling of private information. Sellers have discretion over deliveries on contracts; this is in common with economies with default, incomplete contracts or price rigidities. Competitive equilibria exist and anonymous markets are viable. But, for a generic economy, there exist Pareto improving interventions via linear, anonymous taxes.asymmetric information, competitive markets, equilibrium

Markets and Contracts.

Economies with asymmetric information are encompassed by an extension of the model of general competitive equilibrium that does not require an explicit modeling of private information. Sellers have discretion over deliveries on contracts; this is in common with economies with default, incomplete contracts or price rigidities. Competitive equilibria exist and anonymous markets are viable. But, for a generic economy, competitive equilibrium allocations are constrained suboptimal: there exist Pareto improving interventions via linear, anonymous taxes.

A catalogue of the geophilomorph centipedes (Chilopoda) from Central and South America including Mexico

This paper is an annotated catalogue of the gcophilomorph centipedes known from Mexico, Central America, West Indies, South America and the adjacent islands. 310 species and 4 subspecies in 91 genera in II fami lies are l isted, not including 6 additional taxa of uncertain generic identity and 4 undescribed species provisionally listed as 'n.sp.' under their respective genera. Sixteen new combinations are proposed: GaJTina pujola (CHAMBERLIN, 1 943) and G. vera (CHAMBERLIN, 1 943), both from Pycnona; Nesidiphilus plusioporus (A TTEMS, 1 947). from Mesogeophilus VERHOEFF, 1 90 I; Po/ycricus bredini (CRABILL, 1 960), P. cordobanensis (VERHOEFF. 1 934), P. haitiensis (CHAMBERLIN, 1915) and P. nesiotes (CHAMBERLIN. 191 5), all from Lestophilus; Tuoba baeckstroemi (VERHOEFF, 1 924), from Geophilus ( Nesogeophilus); T. culebrae (SILVESTRI. 1 908), from Geophilus; T. latico/lis (A TTEMS, 1 903), from Geophilus ( Nesogeophilus); Titanophilus hasei (VERHOEFF, 1 938), from Notiphilides ( Venezuelides); T. incus (CHAMBERLIN, 1 941 ), from lncorya; Schendylops nealotus (CHAMBERLIN. 1 950), from Nesondyla nealota; Diplethmus porosus (ATTEM S, 1 947). from Cyclorya porosa; Chomatohius craterus (CHAMBERLIN, 1 944) and Ch. orizabae (CHAMBERLIN, 1 944), both from Gosiphilus. The new replacement name Schizonampa Iibera is proposed pro Schizonampa prognatha (CRABILL. 1 964) ex Schizolaenia prognatha CRABILL, 1 964 nee Schizotaenia prognatha COOK. 1 896. Fourteen new combinations are proposed: Nesidiphilus plusioporus (Attems, 1947), from Mesogeophilus Verhoeff, 1901; Polycricus bredini (Crabill, 1960), P. cordobanensis (Verhoeff, 1934), P. haitiensis (Chamberlin, 1915) and P. nesiotes (Chamberlin, 1915), all from Lestophilus; Tuoba baeckstroemi (Verhoeff, 1924), from Geophilus (Nesogeophilus); T. culebrae (SILVESTRI, 1908), from Geophilus; T. laticollis (Attems, 1903), from Geophilus (Nesogeophilus); Titanophilus hasei (Verhoeff, 1938), from Notiphilides (Venezuelides); T. incus (Chamberlin, 1941), from Incorya; Schendylops nealotus (Chamberlin, 1950), from Nesondyla nealota; Diplethmus porosus (Attems, 1947), from Ciclorya porosa; Chomatobius craterus (Chamberlin, 1944) and Ch. orizabae (Chamberlin, 1944), both from Gosiphilus. The new replacement name Schizonampa libera is proposed pro Schizonampa prognatha (Crabill, 1964) ex Schizotaenia prognatha Crabill, 1964 nec Schizotaenia prognatha Cook, 1896.Esta contribuiçao e urn catalogo com anotaçoes sobre os chilopodos geofilomorfas conhecidos do Mexico, da America Central, das l ndias Ocidentais, da America do Sui e das i lhas adjacentes. Estiio listados 310 especies e 4 subespecies, representantes de 91 generos e II familias. Nao foram incluidos 6 taxa de identidade generica incerta e 4 especies nao descritas, mas provisoriamentc denominadas como 'n.sp. · nos respectivos generos. Dezesseis combinaç;oes novas sao propostas: Garrina pujola (CHAMBERLIN, 1 943) e G. vera (CHAMBERLIN, 1 943), ambos de Pycnona; Nesidiphilus plusioporus (A TTEMS, 1 947), de Mesogeophilus VERHOEFF, 1 90 1; Polycricus bredini (CRABILL. 1 960), P. cordobanensis (VERHOEFF, 1 934). P. haitiensis (CHAMBERLIN. 1915) e P. nesiotes (CHAMBERLIN, 1 915), todos de Lestophilus; Tuoba baeckstroemi (VERHOEFF, 1 924), de Geophilus ( Nesogeophilus); T. cu/ebrae ( SI LVESTRI, 1 908), de Geophilus; T. laticol/is (ATTEMS, 1 903), de Geophilus ( Nesogeophilus); Titanophilus hasei (VERHOEFF, 1 938), de Notiphilides (Venezuelides); T. incus (CHAMBERLIN, 1 941 ), de lncorya; Schendylops nealotus (CHAMBERLIN, 1 950). de Nesondyla nealota; Dip/ethmus porosus (ATTEMS, 1947), de Cyc/orya porosa; Chomatobius craterus (CHAMBERLIN. 1 944) e Ch. orizabae (CHAMBERLIN. 1 944), ambos de Gosiphilus. 0 novo nome substituto Schizonampa Iibera e proposto para Schizonampa prognatha (CRABILL. 1 964) ex Schizotaenia prognatha C RABILL, 1 964 nee Schizotaenia prognatha COOK, 1896.Fil: Foddai, Donatella. Università di Padova; ItaliaFil: Pereira, Luis Alberto. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Minelli, Alessandro. Università di Padova; Itali

On the true identity of Geophilus tropicus Brölemann, 1898, a geophilid species from Venezuela (Chilopoda Geophilomorpha Geophilidae)

Fil: Pereira, Luis Alberto. División Zoología Invertebrados. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Minelli, Alessandro. Dipartimento di Biologia. Università di Padova; ItaliaFil: Foddai, Donatella. Dipartimento di Biologia. Università di Padova; Itali

The phylogenetic position of <i>Dinogeophilus</i> and a new evolutionary framework for the smallest epimorphic centipedes (Chilopoda: Epimorpha)

The centipedes of the clade Epimorpha change slightly during post-embryonic growth but there is huge variation between species in the maximum body size. New specimens of the rarely collected Neotropical genus Dinogeophilus provide further evidence that this genus comprises the smallest species of the Epimorpha, with a recorded maximum length of 5.5 mm. Up to now Dinogeophilus has been invariantly classified in Geophilidae but different sources of evidence (examination by SEM, cladistic evaluation of morphology, similarity and phylogenetic analysis of molecular data) agree on a very different phylogenetic hypothesis: Dinogeophilus is actually a derived lineage of Schendylidae, only distantly related to Geophilidae, and possibly belong to a mainly Neotropical subgroup of schendylids. A comparison of Dinogeophilus with the most closely related taxa suggests that body miniaturization was accompanied by possibly paedomorphic traits, including lower number of some multiple elements (antennal sensilla, processes on the mouth-parts, coxal organs) and shorter setae. Possibly associated with miniaturization are also a few novel features of Dinogeophilus, among which the unique subterminal denticles of the forcipules, suggesting a possible change in the feeding behaviour.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

The species of the genus Schendylurus Silvestri 1907 of Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay (Chilopoda Geophilomorpha Schendylidae)

Three new species of Schendylurus Silvestri 1907 are described, i.e. S. coscaroni n. sp. from State of São Paulo, Brazil; S. demartini n. sp. from Province of Misiones, Argentina and S. placcii n. sp. from Province of Formosa, Argentina. Seven further species of the same genus are redescribed, viz., S. bakeri Chamberlin 1914 (after the holotype); S. demelloi Verhoeff 1938 (after the lectotype and paralectotype); S. fieldi (Chamberlin 1944) (after the holotype); S. iguapensis Verhoeff 1938 (after the holotype); S. olivaceus Crabill 1972 (after the holotype); S. parahybae (Chamberlin 1914) (after the holotype); S. paulista (Brölemann 1904) (after the holotype). Additional data on S. demangei Pereira 1981 are given (after the holotype). New material is cited of S. mesopotamicus Pereira 1981 and S. pampeanus (Pereira & Coscarón 1976). The new combination S. parahybae (Chamberlin 1914) is presented, this species originally described under Adenoschendyla Brölemann & Ribaut 1911, being transferred from Pectiniunguis Bollmann 1890. A key is provided for the identification of the species of Schendylurus from Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

The African species of the genus Schendylurus silvestri, 1907 (Chilopoda Geophilomorpha Schendylldae)

The genus Schendylurus has a wide distribution in the Neotropical Region, with about 40 species known to date. The genus is also present, but less widespread, in Africa, with 6 species, all insufficiently described by previous authors. The different species inhabit a variety of biotopes, including tropical and subtropical forest, steppe and savannah and temperate woodlands, at altitudes ranging from the sea level up to 4500 m in the Andes of South America. We do not know enough about the genus and its nearest relatives to be able to confidently suggest an explanation for the amphiatlantic pattern of distribution. At any rate, for geophilomorph centipedes dispersal by rafting over large distances must be sometimes considered (CRABILL, 1960 ) . W e have recently got the opportunity t o study materials belonging t o all African taxa of this genus, including type specimens of most of them. Accordingly, we offer here redescriptions and a key to the Old World species of the genus.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse