"Impact of economic growth on scientific production in Latin America and the Caribbean based on panel data analysis [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] "

"Background: The great difference in scientific production among countries, especially in Latin America and the Caribbean, may be related to the economic growth of each nation, but countries with larger economies do not necessarily have higher scientific production. Political changes and unstable economies result in little sustainability of scientific production in the countries in these regions. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of economic growth on scientific production, measured as the variation in the gross domestic product and the number of scientific publications, in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Methods: The analyzed information was collected from the open data source of the World Bank for the years from 2000 to 2018. The analysis was performed using unbalanced data panel models that cross-sectionally considered the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean and longitudinally considered the period 2000-2018 using grouped regression models, fixed effects models or random effects models. The Hausman test was used to choose between fixed and random effects models. Results: The results of both the random effects models and the fixed effects models demonstrated the negative impact of economic growth on scientific production. This proves that it is necessary to state alternatives to mend and improve the state of scientific production. Conclusion: The present study is relevant because it is one of the first to study the impact of gross domestic product on scientific production in Latin American and Caribbean countries from a longitudinal perspective that also allows evaluating the dynamics of both variables.

Conocimiento y actitud frente a la covid-19 en odontólogos peruanos

This research aimed to determine the level of knowledge and attitude of dentists in the La Libertad region (Peru) regarding COVID-19. The study was observational, cross-sectional, and correlational. It included 218 dentists registered with the Peruvian Dental Association of the La Libertad Region. The simple random method was used to select the sample. The level of knowledge and attitude was evaluated using a nine-item questionnaire designed for this study. This instrument was subjected to validation by experts and reliability through a pilot test. The results showed that 52,29% of the dentists had a good and very good level of knowledge on the subject, between 99,08% and 100% presented a positive attitude concerning the prevention of infection, and considered that COVID-19 is a health risk and that it is necessary to provide recommendations on the subject. There was no relationship between knowledge and years of professional practice (p=0,352) nor between knowledge and work sector (p=0,086). It was concluded that most dentists had a good or very good knowledge of the subject. Likewise, almost all of them had a positive attitude towards preventing COVID-19 transmission. There was no relationship between knowledge and years of professional practice or work sector.El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el nivel de conocimiento y actitud de los odontólogos de la región La Libertad (Perú) frente a la COVID-19. El estudio fue de tipo observacional, transversal y correlacional. El estudio incluyó un total de 218 odontólogos registrados en el Colegio Odontológico del Perú de la Región La Libertad. Para la selección de la muestra se usó el método aleatorio simple. El nivel de conocimiento y actitud fue evaluado a través de un cuestionario de nueve ítems realizado para esta investigación. Este instrumento fue sometido a validación por expertos y confiabilidad mediante una prueba piloto. Los resultados mostraron que el 52,29% de los odontólogos tuvieron nivel de conocimiento bueno y muy bueno sobre el tema, mientras que entre 99,08% y 100% presentaron una actitud positiva en relación con la prevención de la infección y consideraron que el COVID-19 es un riesgo para la salud; así como, que es necesario brindar recomendaciones sobre el tema. No hubo relación entre conocimiento y años de ejercicio profesional (p=0,352), tampoco entre conocimiento y sector laboral (p=0,086). Se concluye que la mayoría de los odontólogos tuvieron un nivel de conocimiento bueno y muy bueno sobre el tema. Asimismo, casi la totalidad presentaron una actitud positiva frente a la prevención de la transmisión de COVID-19. No hubo relación entre conocimiento y años de ejercicio profesional, tampoco con sector laboral

Factors associated with citations of articles on circular economy in the Web of Science: modeling for main publishers

IntroductionThe publication of articles on the circular economy has different associated factors to explain the citations registered in the Web of Science.MethodArticles from the publishers Elsevier, MDPI, Taylor & Francis, Wiley, and Springer Nature were evaluated.ResultsIt was expected that the older the article was, the more citations it had received, but this was not always the case. It was also recognized that there was a lower number of citations if the articles were too large or if they had too many references.DiscussionThis analysis helps to establish the factors that must be addressed in order to publish in journals that have a high citation rate. Conclusion: Based on speci?c articles and with speci?c references, it will be possible to increase the probability of citations

Antibacterial and Antiadhesion Effects of Psidium guajava Fractions on a Multispecies Biofilm Associated with Periodontitis

Objective: To assess the antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava fractions and their effects on adhesion of a multispecies biofilm consisting of Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. Material and Methods: Guava leaves were obtained from the mountains of northern Peru, where they grow wild and free of pesticides. The antimicrobial activity of 25 mg/mL petroleum ether, 25 mg/mL dichloromethane and 25 mg/mL methanol fractions of P. guajava was evaluated by measuring inhibition halos, as well as the effect on the adhesion of multispecies biofilms at 4, 7 and 10 days of growth by measuring the optical density. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and its multiple comparison tests, and differences in mean biofilm adhesion between each fraction were assessed by repeated measures analysis and the Tukey multiple comparison test. Results: The rank-based Kruskal-Wallis test highlighted differences in the effects of the fractions on the zone of inhibition for each oral bacterium, including S. gordonii(p=0.000), F. nucleatum (p=0.000), and P. gingivalis (p=0.000), the Tukey test showed that the group treated with 0.12% chlorhexidine exhibited the least amount of adhesion, followed by the group treated with the 1.56 mg/mL methanol fraction. Conclusion: The methanol fraction of P. guajava had an antibacterial effect on S. gordonii and P. gingivalis, and the 1.56 mg/mL methanol fraction decreased biofilm adhesion

Antibacterial Effect of Hypochlorous Acid on Bacteria Associated with the Formation of Periodontal Biofilms: An in vitro Pilot Study

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial effect of electrolytically generated hypochlorous acid on Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Material and Methods: In this in vitro experiment, the effect of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on the strains S. gordonii, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis was evaluated using 4% sodium hypochlorite, 0.12% chlorhexidine, and distilled water as controls. The four groups were placed on each plate, and each group was replicated five times. The agar diffusion method by zones measurement was used. The data were processed with SPSS using the Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparison tests. Results: Hypochlorous acid showed an average inhibition halo of 9.28 mm on S. gordonii. As expected with distilled water, no zone of inhibition was noted for any of the bacteria, nor were zones of inhibition observed with HOCl for F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis. Conclusion: Hypochlorous acid showed antimicrobial properties against only S. gordonii and was less effective than 4% sodium hypochlorite and 0.12% chlorhexidine, although no significant differences were found between the latter

Eficiencia de factores asociados a la calidad educativa del nivel de educación primaria del Perú

El presente estudio tiene como propósito evaluar la eficiencia de factores regionales asociados a la calidad educativa del nivel de educación primaria en el Perú. La fuente de comparación regional fueron los logros alcanzados en la ECE 2012 por estudiantes de segundo grado. Los factores regionales en estudio fueron agrupados en: recursos invertidos en educación; recursos de la enseñanza; infraestructura y mobiliario escolar; y acceso a TIC's. La eficiencia de los factores fue evaluada empleando la regresión lineal simple y múltiple, con selección de factores mediante el método de Stepwise. Los factores más eficientes fueron: acceso el porcentaje de escuelas con acceso a internet, número de alumnos por docente y porcentaje de locales públicos con suficientes carpetas. Finalmente, se concuerda en que la evaluación de estudiantes debe ser una prioridad educativa

Proyecto de investigación docente. Compendio 2018

El Vicerrectorado de Investigación, se complace en presentar el documento Proyectos de Investigación Docente – Compendio 2018, que contiene un Resumen y conclusiones de los Trabajos de Investigación realizados por los docentes de la Universidad César Vallejo con el apoyo y financiamiento de la Universidad mediante los Fondos Concursables. La sociedad demanda de las universidades soluciones urgentes a los problemas que la aqueja mediante la I+D+i con la finalidad de contribuir al avance científico y tecnológico del país. Este Compendio, recopila el resumen de los 47 Proyectos de Investigación, los cuales se encuentran agrupados por Líneas de Investigación para una mejor guía en la búsqueda de los Proyectos. Este documento es una herramienta importante para la Universidad César Vallejo en la difusión y divulgación de la Ciencia, Desarrollo Tecnológico y propuestas de innovación de los docentes ante las demandas de la sociedad. Con esto, estamos contribuyendo, por una parte, a la visibilidad de la investigación y ofreciendo a la comunidad universitaria el trabajo realizado por nuestros investigadores, quienes se sienten complacidos de aportar a la construcción y avance de la ciencia. Anualmente la Universidad César Vallejo, destina un fondo de su presupuesto para financiar los proyectos de investigación de los docentes, que hoy podemos tener acceder mediante su resumen ejecutivo en este compendio. Se invita a la comunidad en general interesada en ampliar información relacionada con los resultados y mayor alcance de las investigaciones aquí reseñadas, contactar con los autores directamente, quienes estarán dispuestos compartir sus apreciaciones