3-(tert-But­oxy­carbon­yl)-2-(4-chloro­phen­yl)-1,3-thia­zolidine-4-carb­oxy­lic acid. Corrigendum

Corrigendum to Acta Cryst. (2010), E66, o2633

Global Slim Accretion Disk Solutions Revisited

We show that there exists a maximal possible accretion rate, beyond which global slim disk solutions cannot be constructed because in the vertical direction the gravitational force would be unable to balance the pressure force to gather the accreted matter. The principle for this restriction is the same as that for the Eddington luminosity and the corresponding critical accretion rate, which were derived for spherical accretion by considering the same force balance in the radial direction. If the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium is waived and vertical motion is included, this restriction may become even more serious as the value of the maximal possible accretion rate becomes smaller. Previous understanding in the literature that global slim disk solutions could stand for any large accretion rates is due to the overestimation of the vertical gravitational force by using an approximate potential. For accretion flows with large accretion rates at large radii, outflows seem unavoidable in order for the accretion flow to reduce the accretion rate and follow a global solution till the central black hole.Comment: Accepted by Ap

QCD sum rule studies on the sssˉsˉs s \bar s \bar s tetraquark states with JPC=1+−J^{PC} = 1^{+-}

We apply the method of QCD sum rules to study the structure $X$ newly observed by the BESIII Collaboration in the $\phi \eta^\prime$ mass spectrum in 2.0-2.1 GeV region in the $J/\psi \rightarrow \phi \eta \eta^\prime$ decay. We construct all the $s s \bar s \bar s$ tetraquark currents with $J^{PC} = 1^{+-}$, and use them to perform QCD sum rule analyses. One current leads to reliable QCD sum rule results and the mass is extracted to be $2.00^{+0.10}_{-0.09}$ GeV, suggesting that the structure $X$ can be interpreted as an $s s \bar s \bar s$ tetraquark state with $J^{PC} = 1^{+-}$. The $Y(2175)$ can be interpreted as its $s s \bar s \bar s$ partner having $J^{PC} = 1^{--}$, and we propose to search for the other two partners, the $s s \bar s \bar s$ tetraquark states with $J^{PC} = 1^{++}$ and $1^{-+}$, in the $\eta^\prime f_0(980)$, $\eta^\prime K \bar K$, and $\eta^\prime K \bar K^*$ mass spectra.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, suggestions and comments are welcom

Multi-Hop Routing Mechanism for Reliable Sensor Computing

Current research on routing in wireless sensor computing concentrates on increasing the service lifetime, enabling scalability for large number of sensors and supporting fault tolerance for battery exhaustion and broken nodes. A sensor node is naturally exposed to various sources of unreliable communication channels and node failures. Sensor nodes have many failure modes, and each failure degrades the network performance. This work develops a novel mechanism, called Reliable Routing Mechanism (RRM), based on a hybrid cluster-based routing protocol to specify the best reliable routing path for sensor computing. Table-driven intra-cluster routing and on-demand inter-cluster routing are combined by changing the relationship between clusters for sensor computing. Applying a reliable routing mechanism in sensor computing can improve routing reliability, maintain low packet loss, minimize management overhead and save energy consumption. Simulation results indicate that the reliability of the proposed RRM mechanism is around 25% higher than that of the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing (AODV) mechanisms

GT198 Expression Defines Mutant Tumor Stroma in Human Breast Cancer

Human breast cancer precursor cells remain to be elucidated. Using breast cancer gene product GT198 (PSMC3IP; alias TBPIP or Hop2) as a unique marker, we revealed the cellular identities of GT198 mutant cells in human breast tumor stroma. GT198 is a steroid hormone receptor coactivator and a crucial factor in DNA repair. Germline mutations in GT198 are present in breast and ovarian cancer families. Somatic mutations in GT198 are present in ovarian tumor stromal cells. Herein, we show that human breast tumor stromal cells carry GT198 somatic mutations and express cytoplasmic GT198 protein. GT198(+) stromal cells share vascular smooth muscle cell origin, including myoepithelial cells, adipocytes, capillary pericytes, and stromal fibroblasts. Frequent GT198 mutations are associated with GT198(+) tumor stroma but not with GT198(-) tumor cells. GT198(+) progenitor cells are mostly capillary pericytes. When tested in cultured cells, mutant GT198 induces vascular endothelial growth factor promoter, and potentially promotes angiogenesis and adipogenesis. Our results suggest that multiple lineages of breast tumor stromal cells are mutated in GT198. These findings imply the presence of mutant progenitors, whereas their descendants, carrying the same GT198 mutations, are collectively responsible for forming breast tumor microenvironment. GT198 expression is, therefore, a specific marker of mutant breast tumor stroma and has the potential to facilitate diagnosis and targeted treatment of human breast cancer

Thermal Analysis and Characterization of Polystyrene Initiated by Benzoyl Peroxide

PresentationBased on the complexity of the polystyrene polymerization mechanism initiated by benzoyl peroxide (BPO), the thermal risk of the reaction process was estimated using thermal analysis and characterization. The polymerization process was thermally analysed using an adiabatic rate calorimeter and differential scanning calorimeter. The results demonstrated that the onset reaction temperature, adiabatic temperature rise, and maximum temperature of the synthesis reaction of BPO-initiated polymerization were lower than those of thermos initiated polymerization. Moreover, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, gel permeation chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry were used to characterize the polymerization products obtained under the two initiation conditions. The polystyrene obtained using the two initiation methods had the same hydrogen structure; however, their molecular weight and distribution uniformity differed considerably, and the BPO-initiated process was discovered to include the effects of the thermos initiated process. Moreover, the free radicals produced by BPO decomposition participated in the chain reaction of polystyrene polymerization, accelerated instantaneous grain growth, and promoted the formation of short- chain polystyrene. In summary, the BPO-initiated polymerization process exhibited the desired thermal safety characteristics and has potential for practical use

Cytomegalovirus enteritis in immunocompetent patients: Report of two cases diagnosed using single-balloon enteroscopy

SummaryCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the gastrointestinal tract involves mostly the colon and rectum and mainly develops in immunocompromised patients. CMV infection in the small intestines has rarely been reported in immunocompetent patients. We report two cases of CMV enteritis that developed in immunocompetent patients and involved the ileum and jejunum, respectively. Both of them were diagnosed with single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) and further confirmed with histopathology. The first case is a 71-year-old woman with a presentation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and severe anemia. Neither esophagogastroduodenoscopy nor colonoscopy identified any active bleeding. SBE and biopsy disclosed multiple scattered ulcers in the distal ileum and histopathology confirmed CMV ileitis. The hemorrhage subsided after conservative medical treatment. The second case is a 59-year-old woman with a presentation of progressive abdominal pain. SBE showed diffuse irregularly-shaped ulcers located from the upper to middle jejunum, and CMV jejunitis was confirmed with endoscopic biopsy and histopathological examination. Antiviral therapy was prescribed and her abdominal pain improved gradually. We discuss the clinical manifestations and management strategies of CMV infection that develops in the small intestines of immunocompetent patients. In addition, we highlight the endoscopic characteristics of CMV enteritis and the clinical utilities of SBE in the evaluation of patients with suspected CMV infection of the small intestines