Proizvodnja bioetanola iz otpadnih voda prerade maslina primjenom imobiliziranih stanica

Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of a local traditional olive mill wastewater, at Ennakhla-Chlef in northern Algeria, were evaluated. The olive mill wastewater samples had slight acidity of 0.65 % with a pH = 4.88, and electrical conductivity of 34 mS cm–1. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the biological oxygen demand (BOD5) reached up to 183 g l–1 and 7 g l–1, respectively. In addition, the samples showed 1.72 g l–1 of total phenolic compounds. Preliminary microbiological analysis of the wastewater showed the presence of various microorganisms represented especially by lactic acid bacteria and Enterococcus sp. to the aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of using yeast strains isolated from olive mill wastewater in the fermentation of the latter. The results shown that fermentation with yeast can produce ethanol at an extent of 1.4 % (v/v). This can constitute a strategy for treating mentioned wastewater and transforming it into valuable biomolecules. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.U ovom radu analizirane su fizikalno-kemijske i mikrobiološke karakteristike otpadnih voda tradicionalnih postrojenja za preradu maslinova ulja u Ennakhla-Chlefu u sjevernom Alžiru. Uzorci otpadne vode imali su slabu kiselost od 0.65 % uz pH = 4,88 i električnu provodnost od 34 mS cm–1. Vrijednosti kemijske i biološke (BPK5) potrošnje kisika kretale su se do 183 odnosno 7 g l–1. Nadalje, uzorci su sadržavali 1,72 g l–1 ukupnih fenola. Preliminarna mikrobiološka analiza ukazala je na prisutnost raznih mikroorganizama, osobito bakterija mliječne kiseline i Enterococcus sp. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna

Etude des zones corticalesactivées lors de la stimulation continue à haute fréquence du globus et du noyau subthalamique chez les patients atteints de la maladie de Parkinson idiopathique

MONTPELLIER-BU Médecine (341722104) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU Médecine UPM (341722108) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Contrasting changes in cortical activation induced by acute high-frequency stimulation within the globus pallidus in Parkinson's disease.

International audienceContinuous stimulation of the globus pallidus (GP) has been shown to be an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). We used the fact that the implanted quadripolar leads contain electrodes within the GPi and GPe to investigate the clinical effects of acute high-frequency stimulation applied in these nuclei and changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as an index of synaptic activity. In five patients treated by chronic GP stimulation, we compared the effects on PD symptoms and the changes in rCBF at rest and during paced right-hand movements, with and without left GPe or GPi stimulation. Although improving contralateral rigidity and akinesia, left GPe stimulation decreased rCBF in the left cerebellum and lateral premotor cortex at rest and significantly increased it in the left primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) during movement. In contrast, left ventral GPi stimulation, which improved rigidity and worsened akinesia, decreased rCBF in the left SM1, premotor area, anterior cingulum, and supplementary motor area but did not modify the movement-related activation. GPe stimulation seems to result in a reduced activity of motor-related areas and the facilitation of motor cortex activation during movement, the latter component being absent during GPi stimulation, and this may explain the observed worsening of akinesia

Truncated netrin-1 contributes to pathological vascular permeability in diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness in the working-age population. Impaired blood-retinal barrier function leads to macular edema that is closely associated with the deterioration of central vision. We previously demonstrated that the neuronal guidance cue netrin-1 activates a program of reparative angiogenesis in microglia within the ischemic retina. Here, we provide evidence in both vitreous humor of diabetic patients and in retina of a murine model of diabetes that netrin-1 is metabolized into a bioactive fragment corresponding to domains VI and V of the full-length molecule. In contrast to the protective effects of full-length netrin-1 on retinal microvasculature, the VI-V fragment promoted vascular permeability through the uncoordinated 5B (UNC5B) receptor. The collagenase matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9), which is increased in patients with diabetic macular edema, was capable of cleaving netrin-1 into the VI-V fragment. Thus, MMP-9 may release netrin-1 fragments from the extracellular matrix and facilitate diffusion. Nonspecific inhibition of collagenases or selective inhibition of MMP-9 decreased pathological vascular permeability in a murine model of diabetic retinal edema. This study reveals that netrin-1 degradation products are capable of modulating vascular permeability, suggesting that these fragments are of potential therapeutic interest for the treatment of DR