Akutna subarohnoidna krvavitev

Background. We wanted to determine the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) of intracranial vessels,and to establish the advantages and disadvantages of CTA compared to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the gold standard in patients with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Patients and methods. We prospectively studied 52 patients with acute SAH. Confirmation of the haemorrhage by a conventional computed tomography (CT) scan was immediately followed by intracranial CTA. DSA was performed after the CTA examination and so did not influence the interpretation of CTA images. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of CTA were determined by comparing the results with the data from DSA and with the surgical findings. Cases where the CTA and DSA results did not match were analysed, and the advantages and disadvantages of intracranial CTA were determined. Results. The diagnostic accuracy of CTA was 95%, its sensitivity was 93%, and its specificity was 98%. False-negative results were obtained in three patients who harboured small aneurysms, two in the region of the cavernous sinus and one at the division of pericallosal and callosomarginal arteries. In one patient with a false-positive result, DSA showed an infundibular widening of the posterior communicating artery. In all seven patients who underwent operations on the basis of CTA results, the surgical findings confirmed the presence of aneurysms as well as the intracranial vessel anatomy demonstrated by CTA. Conclusions. Intracranial CTAis a fast and minimally invasive method with a high diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, which has an important place in the detection andpreoperative evaluation of intracranial aneurysms in patients with acute SAH.Izhodišče. Namen študije je bil oceniti diagnostično zanesljivost, občutljivost in specifičnost ter prednosti in slabosti računalniškotomografskepreiskave arterij (CTA) intrakranialnih žil glede na digitalno subtrakcijsko angiografsko preiskavo (DSA) (zlati standard) pri bolnikih z akutno subarahnoidno krvavitvijo (SAK). Bolniki in matode. V prospektivno študijo smo vključili 52 bolnikov z akutno subarahnoidno krvavitvijo, pri katerih smo takoj, ko smo krvavitev dokazali s konvencionalnoračunalniško tomografijo (CT) glave, naredili še CTA preiskavo intrakranialnih arterij, tako da rezultati DSA preiskave niso mogli vplivati na rezultate CTA preiskave. Glede na rezultate DSA preiskave in nevrokirurške rezultate smo ocenili diagnostično zanesljivost, senzitivnost in specifičnost CTA preiskave intrakranialnih arterij. Analizirali smo primere, kjer se rezultati CTA preiskave in DSA preiskave niso ujemali. Opredelili smo prednosti in slabosti CTA preiskave. Rezultati. Diagnostična zanesljivost CTA preiskave je bila 95%, občutljivost 93% in specifičnost 98%. Pri treh bolnikihje bila CTA preiskava lažno negativna. Pri dveh bolnikih z lažno negativnim izvidom CTA preiskave je bila manjša anevrizma v področju kavernoznega sinusa, pri enem pa ob razcepišču perikalozne in kalozomarginalnearterije. Pri bolniku z lažno pozitivnim izvidom CTA preiskavesmo z DSA preiskavo pokazali, da gre za infundibularno razširjenje posteriorne komunikantne arterije. Pri vseh sedmih bolnikih, ki so bili operirani samo na podlagi rezultatov CTA preiskave, smo dobro prikazali anevrizmo in intrakranialne arterije. Zaključek. Pri bolnikih z akutno SAK imalahko CTA preiskava pomembno vlogo pri odkrivanju in preoperativni evaluaciji intrakranialnih anevrizem, ker dobimo rezultate hitro in na minimalno invaziven način. CTA preiskava intrakranialnega žilja ima visoko diagnostično zanesljivost, občutljivost in specifičnost

Serbia's integration into the EU: the impact of political conditionality

This theses critically analyzes the effectiveness of EU conditionality as a means of EU integration policy in the case of Serbia. The analysis is incorporated into the analytical framework of Shimmelfenning and Sedelmeier, which proved to be suitable in the analysis of the Europeanization of the countries of Central Europe. This model precisely defines the circumstances in which a candidate country agrees to meet the conditions set by the EU. The last point of the Shimmelfenning and Sedelmeier model is analyzed on the basis of which the hypothesis of this work was created. The ruling elite will accept the EU condition if it does not lead to the strengthening of internal elements, especially the opposition. The effect of EU conditionality and the effects of powerful internal elements are observed in the context of the dialogue between Serbia and Kosovo, which is under the auspices of the EU.Táto práce kriticky analyzuje efektivitu kondicionality EU jako prostředku integrační politiky EU v případě Srbska. Analýza je zakomponována do analytického rámce Shimmelfenning a Sedelmeier, který se ukázal být vhodný v analýze europeizace zemí střední Evropy. Tento model přesně definuje okolnosti, za nichž kandidátská země souhlasí se splněním podmínek stanovených EU. V práci je analyzován poslední bod modelu Shimmelfenning a Sedelmeier na základě kterého byla vytvořena hypotéza této práce. Vládnoucí elita přijme podmínku EU, pokud nepovede k posílení vnitřních prvků, zejména opozice. Efekt kondicionality EU a vlivy mocných vnitřních prvků jsou pozorovány v kontextu dialogu mezi Srbskem a Kosovem, který je zastřešen EU

Analysis of vectorized source code with machine learning

Statična analiza izvorne kode je pomemben del razvoja programske opreme, ki pa ima nekaj pomembnih pomanjkljivosti, ker z metrik programske kode ne moremo sklepati o semantični pravilnosti. Kot potencialno rešitev smo v magistrskem delu raziskali nevronsko mrežo Code2Vec. V teoretičnem delu smo obravnavali osnovne koncepte umetnih nevronskih mrež, tehnike redukcij dimenzionalnosti vektorjev in delovanje Code2Vec. V praktičnem delu smo izvedli eksperiment vizualizacije, klasifikacije in gručenja nad podatkovno množico, ki jo sestavljajo tako visoko-dimenzionalni vektorji kot tudi splošne značilnosti programske kode metod šestih odprtokodnih projektov. Glede na rezultate sklepamo, da so vektorji Code2Vec koristni za izvedbo statične analize kode.Static software analysis as an integral part of software development has important flaws because it is impossible to discern the semantic structure and correctness of software from metrics alone. In this work, we have researched the neural network Code2Vec as a potential solution to this problem. In the theoretical segment, we have described the basics of neural networks, dimensionality reduction techniques and the inner workings of Code2Vec. In the practical segment, we have conducted a visualization, classification and clustering experiment using a dataset comprised of standard features as well as Code2Vec code embeddings of Java methods. We can conclude from the results of the experiment that Code2Vec embeddings are an appropriate tool for static code analysis

Unmanned aerial vehicle path planning by evolutionary algorithms

This bachelor thesis deals with the problem of optimizing UAV routes in 3D space. It consists of a review of the current knowledge regarding the issue and the implementation of a program with a graphical interface that can create an optimized route using the Artificial Bee Colony, Particle Swarm Optimization and Whale Optimization Algorithms. Subsequently, a series of simulations were performed using the program, in which the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm proved to be the most effective algorithm in solving this issue

ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF DATA MINING PLATFORMS RAPIDMINER AND WEKA

V pričujočem diplomskem delu sta analizirani in primerjani splošnonamenski platformi za podatkovno rudarjenje RapidMiner in Weka. V uvodnem delu diplomskega dela so razložene osnove strojnega učenja in podatkovnega rudarjenja ter podrobneje definirane metode dela, ki so uporabljene v praktičnem delu. Primerjava je razdeljena na teoretični in eksperimentalni del. V teoretičnem delu so na podlagi definirane metodologije identificirane pomembne lastnosti orodij in primerjane med seboj, v eksperimentalnem delu pa sta primerjani točnost in F-Mera implementacij algoritmov k-najbližjih sosedov, Naključni gozdovi in Naivni Bayes. S pomočjo statističnih testov je bilo ugotovljeno, da se nobena izvedenka algoritma od drugega statistično pomembno ne razlikuje.The following thesis analyses and compares two general-purpose platforms for data mining, RapidMiner and Weka. The introductory part of this diploma thesis describes the basics of machine learning and data mining as well as the specifically defined work methods, which are used in the experimental part. The comparison is divided into the theoretical and the empirical part. In the theoretical part the important characteristics of the tools are identified and compared on the basis of the defined methodology, whereas in the empirical part the accuracy and the F-measure of implementations of the algorithms K Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest and Naive Bayes are compared. Using appropriate statistical tests, it was found that no version of the algorithm significantly differs from another