Etik, digitalisering och den professionella rollen

Ny teknik utvecklas dagligen och ger upphov till nya möjligheter för användaren. Med tanke på teknikutvecklingens framfart kan de etiska aspekterna ibland försummas. Syftet med uppsatsen är att lokalisera etiska problemställningar som uppkommer vid utövandet av yrkesrollen informationsarkitekt. För att lokalisera dessa utfördes en litteraturundersökning samt en etisk analys av resultatet. Litteraturundersökningen resulterar i tre teman: immaterialrätt, sociala nätverk och beteende och identitet på nätet. På dessa teman applicerades Tavanis analysmodell för att lyfta fram olika etiska perspektiv. Uppsatsen kunde utifrån resultaten lokalisera att det finns ett allmänt behov av etik för utvecklare.New technologies are being developed every day which creates new opportunities for users. Given the technological advancement, the ethical issues can sometimes be neglected. The purpose of this paper is to locate the ethical issues that arise when working as an Information architect. To locate these issues a literature survey was conducted and an ethical analysis was performed of the results. The survey covers three areas: intellectual property, social networks and human behaviour. To deliberate on the ethical issues Tavanis analysis model was used. The result of the paper concluded a general need of ethics for developers

White light-activated bactericidal coating using acrylic latex, crystal violet, and zinc oxide nanoparticles

In this study, a white light-activated bactericidal coating consisting of acrylic latex, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and crystal violet (CV) was produced through a two-step dipping process. CV molecules and ZnO NPs were incorporated into an acrylic latex coating deposited onto a glass substrate. After the incorporation, the colour of the coating surface changed to purple from colourless and XPS sputtering analysis showed the existence of ZnO NPs within the coating. In a bactericidal test, the CV dyed samples showed an intrinsic bactericidal activity (0.7–0.88 log reduction in viable bacteria number) against S. aureus whereas it was not observed on E. coli in the dark. Upon white light irradiation (light intensity: 512 lux), the bactericidal activity of the CV-dyed sample was significantly enhanced. Compared to the control, the CV-dyed samples showed 1.16–2.51 log reduction against both bacterial strains in white light. In terms of the testing against S. aureus in white light, ZnO NPs addition into the CV-dyed sample showed enhanced bactericidal activity. The bactericidal activity of the CV-dyed sample with ZnO NPs was 1.34 log higher than the CV-dyed sample. Based on data obtained from TR-EPR spectroscopy, it is speculated that the addition of ZnO NPs into the dye induces an alternative photoredox pathway, resulting in more generation of reactive oxygen species lethal to bacterial cells. It is expected that this technique could be used to transform a wide range of surfaces into bactericidal surfaces and contribute to maintaining low pathogen levels on hospital surfaces related to healthcare-associated infection

Enhancing the antibacterial activity of light-activated surfaces containing crystal violet and ZnO nanoparticles: investigation of nanoparticle size, capping ligand, and dopants

Healthcare-associated infections pose a serious risk for patients, staff, and visitors and are a severe burden on the National Health Service, costing at least £1 billion annually. Antimicrobial surfaces significantly contribute toward reducing the incidence of infections as they prevent bacterial adhesion and cause bacterial cell death. Using a simple, easily upscalable swell-encapsulation-shrink method, novel antimicrobial surfaces have been developed by incorporating metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and crystal violet (CV) dye into medical-grade polyurethane sheets. This study compares the bactericidal effects of polyurethane incorporating ZnO, Mg-doped ZnO, and MgO. All metal oxide NPs are well defined, with average diameters ranging from 2 to 18 nm. These materials demonstrate potent bactericidal activity when tested against clinically relevant bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, these composites are tested against an epidemic strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that is rife in hospitals throughout the UK. Furthermore, we have tested these materials using a low light intensity (∼500 lx), similar to that present in many clinical environments. The highest activity is achieved from polymer composites incorporating CV and ∼3 nm ZnO NPs, and the different performances of the metal oxides have been discussed