Improved method of using paraformaldehyde as a disinfectant

Paraformaldehyde decreases required enclosed compartment disinfectant time and temperature by vaporizing powdered material from water slurry. Fire and explosion hazard at lower temperature is reduced. Total mixture evaporation occurs at plate temperature of approximately 167 deg K below that required to vaporize powdered material

Frequency response of an axial-flow compressor exposed to inlet pressure perturbations

Experimental results of a series of engine tests designed to obtain the stage dynamics of an eight-stage axial-flow compressor over the frequency range of 0.5 to 200 hertz are presented. The total pressure at the compressor face was varied by means of a secondary air jet system installed in the engine inlet and positioned to oppose the primary airflow. Total-pressure probes located at each compressor stage were used to obtain the frequency response of each compressor-stage total pressure to the average compressor-inlet total pressure. The engine operating conditions were chosen to illustrate the effects of changing the rotor speed, changing the exhaust nozzle area, and isolating the compressor discharge pressure perturbations from the fuel control and hence, the fuel flow

Embedding generic employability skills in an accounting degree: development and impediments

This paper explores and analyses the views of, and effects on, students of a project that integrated the development of employability skills within the small group classes of two compulsory courses in the first year of an accounting degree at a UK university. The project aimed to build, deliver and evaluate course materials designed to encourage the development of a broad range of employability skills: skills needed for life-long learning and a successful business career. By analysing students' opinions gathered from a series of focus groups spread throughout the year, three prominent skill areas of interest were identified: time management, modelling, and learning to learn. Further analysis highlighted the complex nature of skills development, and brought to light a range of impediments and barriers to both students' development of employability skills and their subject learning. The analysis suggests the need for accounting educators to see skills development as being an essential element of the path to providing a successful accounting education experience

Identification of LDH-A as a therapeutic target for cancer cell killing via (i) p53/NAD(H)-dependent and (ii) p53 independent pathways

Most cancer cells use aerobic glycolysis to fuel their growth. The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) is key to cancer’s glycolytic phenotype, catalysing the regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD þ ) from reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) necessary to sustain glycolysis. As such, LDH-A is a promising target for anticancer therapy. Here we ask if the tumour suppressor p53, a major regulator of cellular metabolism, influences the response of cancer cells to LDH-A suppression. LDH-A knockdown by RNA interference (RNAi) induced cancer cell death in p53 wild-type, mutant and p53-null human cancer cell lines, indicating that endogenous LDH-A promotes cancer cell survival irrespective of cancer cell p53 status. Unexpectedly,however,weuncoveredanovelroleforp53intheregulationofcancercellNADþ anditsreducedformNADH.Thus, LDH-A silencing by RNAi, or its inhibition using a small-molecule inhibitor, resulted in a p53-dependent increase in the cancer cell ratioofNADH:NADþ.Thiseffectwasspecificforp53þ/þ cancercellsandcorrelatedwith(i)reducedactivityofNADþ-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and (ii) an increase in acetylated p53, a known target of SIRT1 deacetylation activity. In addition, activation of the redox-sensitive anticancer drug EO9 was enhanced selectively in p53 þ / þ cancer cells, attributable to increased activity of NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase NQO1 (NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1). Suppressing LDH-A increased EO9-inducedDNAdamageinp53þ/þ cancercells,butimportantlyhadnoadditiveeffectinnon-cancercells.Ourresultsidentifya unique strategy by which the NADH/NADþ cellular redox status can be modulated in a cancer-specific, p53-dependent manner and we show that this can impact upon the activity of important NAD(H)-dependent enzymes. To summarise, this work indicates two distinct mechanisms by which suppressing LDH-A could potentially be used to kill cancer cells selectively, (i) through induction of apoptosis, irrespective of cancer cell p53 status and (ii) as a part of a combinatorial approach with redox-sensitive anticancer drugs via a novel p53/NAD(H)-dependent mechanism

Breaking from Tradition: Transforming Leadership Education in Nursing

Leadership development is critical for nurses to be engaged in health system reform and transformation. Trends in nursing practice led to the development of an innovative senior consolidation course in our four year undergraduate nursing program. We hypothesized that providing opportunities for application of theoretical knowledge related to complex adaptive systems and leadership would enhance professional identity formation. We describe our experiences implementing a clinical course wherein nursing students are provided opportunities to explore and develop their leadership acumen within an undergraduate curriculum. We discuss how breaking from curricular tradition involved intentional use of pedagogy (transformational learning theory), innovative instructional design, and the formation of collaborative partnerships to provide a space for students to practice the cognitive, relational, and meaning making skills required for leadership development. We highlight the impact of this journey on students, faculty, and community partners as we forge ahead in planning next steps to determine the level of engagement of our graduates in health system design, advocacy, and stewardship. Résumé Le développement du leadership par les infirmières est essentiel si elles veulent participer à la réforme et à la transformation du système de santé. Les tendances observées dans la pratique infirmière ont mené à l’élaboration d’un cours d’intégration en fin de programme de premier cycle de quatre années en sciences infirmières. Nous avons fait l’hypothèse qu’en offrant des occasions d’appliquer les connaissances théoriques liées aux systèmes adaptatifs complexes et au leadership, la formation de l’identité professionnelle serait renforcée. Nous décrivons ici nos expériences de la mise en œuvre d’un cours clinique où les étudiantes en sciences infirmières ont l’occasion d’explorer et de développer leur compétence de leadership dans le cadre d’un programme de premier cycle. Nous abordons en quoi le fait de s’être éloignés du programme traditionnel a pavé la voie à l’utilisation intentionnelle de la pédagogie (théorie de l’apprentissage transformationnel), à une conception pédagogique novatrice et à la formation de partenariats de collaboration afin d’offrir aux étudiantes un milieu où elles peuvent mettre en pratique les habiletés cognitives, relationnelles et de réflexion nécessaires au développement du leadership. Nous mettons en valeur l’impact de ce cheminement sur les étudiantes, le corps enseignant et les partenaires de la communauté alors que nous nous préparons à planifier les prochaines étapes pour déterminer le degré de participation de nos diplômées à la conception, à la promotion et à la gestion dans le système de santé

Graphical Encoding of a Spatial Logic for the pi-Calculus

This paper extends our graph-based approach to the verification of spatial properties of π-calculus specifications. The mechanism is based on an encoding for mobile calculi where each process is mapped into a graph (with interfaces) such that the denotation is fully abstract with respect to the usual structural congruence, i.e., two processes are equivalent exactly when the corresponding encodings yield isomorphic graphs. Behavioral and structural properties of π-calculus processes expressed in a spatial logic can then be verified on the graphical encoding of a process rather than on its textual representation. In this paper we introduce a modal logic for graphs and define a translation of spatial formulae such that a process verifies a spatial formula exactly when its graphical representation verifies the translated modal graph formula

Linguistics

Contains reports on four research projects.National Institutes of Health (Grant MH-13390-01U. S. Air Force (Electronic Systems Division) under Contract AF 19(628)-248

One- and two-particle microrheology

We study the dynamics of rigid spheres embedded in viscoelastic media and address two questions of importance to microrheology. First we calculate the complete response to an external force of a single bead in a homogeneous elastic network viscously coupled to an incompressible fluid. From this response function we find the frequency range where the standard assumptions of microrheology are valid. Second we study fluctuations when embedded spheres perturb the media around them and show that mutual fluctuations of two separated spheres provide a more accurate determination of the complex shear modulus than do the fluctuations of a single sphere.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur