Three Essays in Applied Labor Economics

The goal of this dissertation is to apply theoretical and empirical methodologies used in the field of labor economics to analyze several topics which have clear policy implications. Chapter 1 analyzes the relationship between domestic violence and welfare receipt in a more rigorous framework than has been previously possible. It is well documented that there is a strong relationship between abuse and welfare receipt and the assumption has predominantly been that welfare receipt affects the risk of victimization. I show that the direction of impact actually runs in the opposite direction. This finding is critical in light of the welfare reforms of the 1990\u27s. I find that violence decreased the likelihood of using welfare services prior to the reforms, and that this effect is even larger after the reforms took place. However, this negative effect is drastically reduced in the presence of the Family Violence Option. Chapter 2 broadens the analysis of domestic violence to include women of all income levels. Specifically, I look at how the decision to participate in the workforce affects abuse levels and vice versa. Because attitudes towards domestic violence and women\u27s working status likely vary by income levels, I analyze the relationship in both low and high income households. I find that for women with low income spouses, employment increases the likelihood of abuse, however, for women with high income spouses, employment decreases the likelihood of abuse. Chapter 3 attempts to reconcile the observed educational attainment gap between black and white workers with the monetary returns to education literature which predicts that black individuals have higher monetary incentives to invest. I examine the returns to education in a broader sense: the job satisfaction returns to education. I find that job satisfaction is actually declining in education for black workers. Further, it is found that education does not improve the ability of black workers to transition into new jobs that they like better. These results suggest that higher education may create expectations that are not being met by black workers, and one potential explanation for this is that covert discrimination still exists in the workplace

Implementation of the Uninhabitable House Social Rehabilitation Program

Implementation of the Uninhabitable House Social Rehabilitation Program (RSRTLH). In its performance, several problems were found. First, there are large numbers of individuals without adequate housing. In addition, the distribution of beneficiaries of the RS-RTLH program has not been fully optimal, and the construction and renovation of houses have not been completed. This study aims to examine and describe the Uninhabitable House Rehabilitation Program implementation. In implementing the program delivered by Merilee S. Grindle, the tone of the program is appropriate, and the program objectives have been achieved. The research method uses a qualitative approach. The research results show that the program's implementation has not reached its target, indicating that the performance has not been by the observed impacts, and the level of change has not been running optimally as stated in the regulations that have been set. The inhibiting factors include the lack of involvement of related parties, budget constraints, and lack of community participation, so the program's implementation aims to be completed but has not yet obtained maximum results

Organocatalytic tandem reactions of polyfunctional compounds for the synthesis of enantioenriched heterocycles. Reazioni tandem organocatalitiche di composti polifunzionali per la sintesi di eterocicli enantioarricchiti.

In questo lavoro di tesi sono state sviluppate reazioni domino, tandem e procedure one-pot per ottenere eterocicli enatioarricchiti. Lo sviluppo di queste metodologie sintetiche è molto importante perché permettono di ottenere molecole complesse partendo da prodotti semplici, senza effettuare ripetuti passaggi di purificazione (stop-and-go or step-by-step synthesis). Lo scopo di questo lavoro è di ottenere derivati tetraidrofuranici modificati e derivati ossoazzolinici enantioarrichiti tramite reazioni SN2-Michael o tramite reazioni aldolica-ciclizzazione-Michael usando la catalisi asimmetrica a trasferimento di fase (PTC). Come catalizzatori PTC per imprimere enantioselezione sono stati utilizzati sali di ammonio quaternario derivati dagli alcaloidi della Cinchona. Sono state ottimizzate le condizioni di reazione (base inorganica, temperatura, solvente, tempo di reazione) per i diversi substrati presi in considerazione. I prodotti target sono stati ottenuti con buone rese, ottime diastereoselezioni ma con bassa enantioselezione. I risultati ottenuti richiedono un’ulteriore ottimizzazione e dovranno essere valutate variazioni strutturali dei nucleofili utilizzati. In this thesis were developed domino, tandem reactions and one-pot procedures to obtained enantioenriched heterocycles. The development of these methodologies is very fundamental because they allow to obtain complex molecules starting from raw materials, without carrying out repeated purification steps (stop-and-go or step-by-step synthesis). The purpose of this work is to obtain enantioenriched tetrahydrofuran and oxazoline derivatives through a SN2-Michael reaction or a aldol- cyclization-Michael reaction using the phase-transfer asymmetric catalysis (PTC). For imprint enantioselection we used Cinchona alkaloids quaternary ammonium salts derivatives. The reaction conditions (inorganic base, temperature, solvent, reaction time) were optimised for the different substrates taken into account. The target products were obtained with good yields, excellent diastereoselections but with low enantioselections. The obtained results require further optimization and structural changes in the nucleophiles used must be evaluated

Pemodelan Pengolahan Citra untuk Klasifikasi Jenis Buah Pisang Menggunakan Metode KNN

Di Indonesia sendiri buah pisang merupakan salah satu jenis buah yang paling banyak di produksi. Namun di samping banyaknya produksi, masih banyak pula pengolahan pisang yang di lakukan secara kurang efisien. Hal ini dapat di lihat dari pemilihan jenis buah pisang secara manual yang menyebabkan pemilihan jenis buah pisang kurang optimal jika di lakukan dalam jumlah banyak Dalam penelitian ini akan di buatnya system untuk memilih jenis buah pisang secara otomatis bertujuan supaya membantu dalam memilih jenis buah pisang dalam jumlah banyak. Dalam penelitian ini nantinya akan menghasilkan system yang mampu menklasifikaikan jenis buah pisang. Jumlah data yang di gunakan untuk klasifikasi buah pisang ini adalah sebanyak 150 data foto pisang. Foto buah pisang yang di ambil terdiri dari 3 jenis buah pisang. Setiap jenis buah pisang akan di ambil 50 foto sebagai data, sehingga 3 × 50 menjadi 150 data buah pisang yang didapat. Jumlah yang di gunakan sebagai data uji sebanyak 120, dan mendapatkan akurasi 99.1667%