4,020 research outputs found
A molecular re-appraisal of taxa in the Sordariomycetidae and a new species of Rimaconus from New Zealand
Several taxa that share similar ascomatal and ascospore characters occur in
monotypic or small genera throughout the Sordariomycetidae with
uncertain relationships based on their morphology. Taxa in the genera
Duradens, Leptosporella, Linocarpon, and Rimaconus
share similar morphologies of conical ascomata, carbonised peridia and
elongate ascospores, while taxa in the genera Caudatispora,
Erythromada and Lasiosphaeriella possess clusters of
superficial, obovoid ascomata with variable ascospores. Phylogenetic analyses
of 28S large-subunit nrDNA sequences were used to test the monophyly of these
genera and provide estimates of their relationships within the
Sordariomycetidae. Rimaconus coronatus is described as a new
species from New Zealand; it clusters with the type species, R.
jamaicensis. Leptosporella gregaria is illustrated and a
description is provided for this previously published taxon that is the type
species and only sequenced representative of the genus. Both of these genera
occur in separate, well-supported clades among taxa that form unsupported
groups near the Chaetosphaeriales and Helminthosphaeriaceae.
Lasiosphaeriella and Linocarpon appear to be polyphyletic
with species occurring in several clades throughout the subclass.
Caudatispora and Erythromada represented by single specimens
and two putative Duradens spp. have unclear affinities in the
Sordariomycetidae
Selective dip-coating of chemically micropatterned surfaces
We characterize the selective deposition of liquid microstructures on chemically heterogeneous surfaces by means of dip coating processes. The maximum deposited film thickness depends critically on the speed of withdrawal as well as the pattern size, geometry, and angular orientation. For vertically oriented hydrophilic strips, we derive a hydrodynamic scaling relation for the deposited film thickness which agrees very well with interferometric measurements of dip-coated liquid lines. Due to the lateral confinement of the liquid, our scaling relation differs considerably from the classic Landau–Levich formula for chemically homogeneous surfaces. Dip coating is a simple method for creating large area arrays of liquid microstructures for applications involving chemical analysis and synthesis, biochemical assays, or wet printing of liquid polymer or ink patterns
Mcl-1 and bax in the fetal ovary: studies of the undernourished pregnant ewe
Mcl-1 and bax in the fetal ovary: studies of the undernourished pregnant ewe
Keratoacanthoma management: results of a survey of UK dermatologists and surgeons.
Distinction of keratoacanthoma (KA) from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is challenging. Management is controversial, with some advocating prompt surgical excision and others monitoring to allow for spontaneous resolution(1) . The controversy is compounded by rare reports of metastasis(2) . And yet the benign natural history of KA is supported by various studies, including a systematic review of 455 cases with no cases of metastasis or death(1) , and observational studies confirming spontaneous resolution(1)
The 2dF QSO Redshift Survey - XII. The spectroscopic catalogue and luminosity function
We present the final catalogue of the 2dF QSO Redshift Survey (2QZ), based on Anglo-Australian Telescope 2dF spectroscopic observations of 44 576 colour-selected (ubJr) objects with 18.2
Occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in surface waters near industrial hog operation spray fields
Industrial hog operations (IHOs) have been identified as a source of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). However, few studies have investigated the presence of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus in the environment near IHOs, specifically surface waters proximal to spray fields where IHO liquid lagoon waste is sprayed. Surface water samples (n = 179) were collected over the course of approximately one year from nine locations in southeastern North Carolina and analyzed for the presence of presumptive MRSA using CHROMagar MRSA media. Culture-based, biochemical, and molecular tests, as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry were used to confirm that isolates that grew on CHROMagar MRSA media were S. aureus. Confirmed S. aureus isolates were then tested for susceptibility to 16 antibiotics and screened for molecular markers of MRSA (mecA, mecC) and livestock adaptation (absence of scn). A total of 12 confirmed MRSA were detected in 9 distinct water samples. Nine of 12 MRSA isolates were also multidrug-resistant (MDRSA [i.e., resistant to ≥ 3 antibiotic classes]). All MRSA were scn-positive and most (11/12) belonged to a staphylococcal protein A (spa) type t008, which is commonly associated with humans. Additionally, 12 confirmed S. aureus that were methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) were recovered, 7 of which belonged to spa type t021 and were scn-negative (a marker of livestock-adaptation). This study demonstrated the presence of MSSA, MRSA, and MDRSA in surface waters adjacent to IHO lagoon waste spray fields in southeastern North Carolina. To our knowledge, this is the first report of waterborne S. aureus from surface waters proximal to IHOs
Assessing gender mainstreaming in the education sector: depoliticised technique or a step towards women's rights and gender equality?
In 1995 the Beijing Conference on Women identified gender mainstreaming as a key area for action. Policies to effect gender mainstreaming have since been widely adopted. This special issue of Compare looks at research on how gender mainstreaming has been used in government education departments, schools, higher education institutions, international agencies and NGOs .1 In this introduction we first provide a brief history of the emergence of gender mainstreaming and review changing definitions of the term. In the process we outline some policy initiatives that have attempted to mainstream gender and consider some difficulties with putting ideas into practice, particularly the tensions between a technical and transformative interpretations . Much of the literature about experiences with gender mainstreaming tends to look at organizational processes and not any specificities of a particular social sector. However, in our second section, we are concerned to explore whether institutional forms and particular actions associated with education give gender mainstreaming in education sites some distinctive features. In our last section we consider some of the debates about global and local negotiations in discussions of gender policy and education and the light this throws on gender mainstreaming. In so doing, we place the articles that follow in relation to contestations over ownership, political economy, the form and content of education practice and the social complexity of gender equality
A molecular phylogenetic reappraisal of the Hysteriaceae, Mytilinidiaceae and Gloniaceae (Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes) with keys to world species
A reappraisal of the phylogenetic integrity of bitunicate ascomycete fungi
belonging to or previously affiliated with the Hysteriaceae,
Mytilinidiaceae, Gloniaceae and Patellariaceae is
presented, based on an analysis of 121 isolates and four nuclear genes, the
ribosomal large and small subunits, transcription elongation factor 1 and the
second largest RNA polymerase II subunit. A geographically diverse and high
density taxon sampling strategy was employed, including multiple
isolates/species from the following genera: Anteaglonium (6/4),
Encephalographa (1/1), Farlowiella (3/1),
Gloniopsis (8/4), Glonium (4/2), Hysterium (12/5),
Hysterobrevium (14/3), Hysterographium (2/1),
Hysteropatella (2/2), Lophium (4/2), Mytilinidion
(13/10), Oedohysterium (5/3), Ostreichnion (2/2),
Patellaria (1/1), Psiloglonium (11/3), Quasiconcha
(1/1), Rhytidhysteron (8/3), and 24 outgroup taxa. Sequence data
indicate that although the Hysteriales are closely related to the
Pleosporales, sufficient branch support exists for their separation
into separate orders within the Pleosporomycetidae. The
Mytilinidiales are more distantly related within the subclass and
show a close association with the Gloniaceae. Although there are
examples of concordance between morphological and molecular data, these are
few. Molecular data instead support the premise of a large number of
convergent evolutionary lineages, which do not correspond to previously held
assumptions of synapomorphy relating to spore morphology. Thus, within the
Hysteriaceae, the genera Gloniopsis, Glonium,
Hysterium and Hysterographium are highly polyphyletic. This
necessitated the transfer of two species of Hysterium to
Oedohysterium gen. nov. (Od. insidens comb.
nov. and Od. sinense comb. nov.), the description of a new
species, Hysterium barrianum sp. nov., and the transfer of
two species of Gloniopsis to Hysterobrevium gen.
nov. (Hb. smilacis comb. nov. and Hb.
constrictum comb. nov.). While Hysterographium, with
the type Hg. fraxini, is removed from the Hysteriaceae, some
of its species remain within the family, transferred here to
Oedohysterium (Od. pulchrum comb. nov.),
Hysterobrevium (Hb. mori comb. nov.) and
Gloniopsis (Gp. subrugosa comb. nov.); the latter
genus, in addition to the type, Gp. praelonga, with two new species,
Gp. arciformis sp. nov. and Gp. kenyensis sp. nov.
The genus Glonium is now divided into Anteaglonium
(Pleosporales), Glonium (Gloniaceae), and
Psiloglonium (Hysteriaceae). The hysterothecium has evolved
convergently no less than five times within the Pleosporomycetidae
(e.g., Anteaglonium, Farlowiella, Glonium,
Hysterographium and the Hysteriaceae). Similarly,
thin-walled mytilinidioid (e.g., Ostreichnion) and patellarioid
(e.g., Rhytidhysteron) genera, previously in the
Mytilinidiaceae and Patellariaceae, respectively,
transferred here to the Hysteriaceae, have also evolved at least
twice within the subclass. As such, character states traditionally considered
to represent synapomorphies among these fungi, whether they relate to spore
septation or the ascomata, in fact, represent symplesiomorphies, and most
likely have arisen multiple times through convergent evolutionary processes in
response to common selective pressures
Recommended from our members
Metabolic and Endocrine correlates of cognitive function in healthy young women
Obesity has been associated with cognitive decline in longitudinal studies of older individuals. We hypothesized that the cognitive sequelae of obesity may be detectable in the reproductive years. In addition, we explored the hypothesis that these associations may be mediated by the hormonal milieu. In this study of 49 young healthy lean and overweight women aged 20–45, we investigated the association between performance on a battery of cognitive tests, body composition parameters (BMI, total fat, abdominal (visceral, subcutaneous and total) adipose tissue, and muscle), and hormone levels (insulin, adiponectin, leptin, IGF-1, estrogen, testosterone, and vitamin D). We found a significant negative association between both visceral adiposity and muscle, and performance in the domain of verbal learning and memory, after controlling for age and education. Other body composition parameters showed similar trends (0.05<p<0.10). Additionally, the degree of insulin resistance was negatively associated with executive function domain. None of the associations between the other hormones examined (adipokines, IGF-1, gonadal hormones and vitamin D) and cognitive function were significant. These preliminary findings suggest a possible association between obesity and cognitive function in healthy young women of reproductive age. More research is warranted into the potential modulatory effect of insulin resistance on this association
Low-Loss All-Optical Zeno Switch in a Microdisk Cavity Using EIT
We present theoretical results of a low-loss all-optical switch based on
electromagnetically induced transparency and the classical Zeno effect in a
microdisk resonator. We show that a control beam can modify the atomic
absorption of the evanescent field which suppresses the cavity field buildup
and alters the path of a weak signal beam. We predict more than 35 dB of
switching contrast with less than 0.1 dB loss using just 2 micro-Watts of
control-beam power for signal beams with less than single photon intensities
inside the cavity.Comment: Updated with new references, corrected Eq 2a, and added introductory
text. 7 pages, 5 figures, 3 table
- …