Effects of Frustration on Performance in Adult Human Subjects

Submitted in partial fulillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology in the Graduate School of Morehead State University by Ted L. Miller in December of 1972

Irrigation practices and costs in southeastern Missouri, 1960

Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station and Farm Economics Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, cooperating.Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references

Nature and extent of irrigation in Missouri

Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, and Farm Economics Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, cooperating--P. [2].Digitized 2007 AES

Irrigation practices and costs in southeastern Missouri, 1959

Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station and Farm Economics Division, Economic Research Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, cooperating.Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references

Stochastic Electron Acceleration by Cascading Fast Mode Waves in Impulsive Solar Flares

We present a model for the acceleration of electrons from thermal to ultrarelativistic energies during an energy release fragment in an impulsive solar flare. Long-wavelength low-amplitude fast mode waves are assumed to be generated during the initial flare energy release (by, for example, large-scale restructuring of the magnetic field). These waves nonlinearly cascade to higher wavenumbers and eventually reach the dissipation range, whereupon they are transit-time damped by electrons in the tail of the thermal distribution. The electrons, in turn, are energized out of the tail and into substantially higher energies. We find that for turbulence energy densities much smaller than the ambient magnetic field energy density and comparable to the thermal particle energy density, and for a wide range of initial wavelengths, a sufficient number of electrons are accelerated to hard X-ray-producing energies on observed timescales. We suggest that MHD turbulence unifies electron and proton acceleration in impulsive solar flares, since a preceding study established that a second MHD mode (the shear Alfven wave) preferentially accelerates protons from thermal to gamma-ray line-producing energies

New Promise for Electron Bulk Energization in Solar Flares: Preferential Fermi Acceleration of Electrons over Protons in Reconnection-driven Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence

The hard X-ray luminosity of impulsive solar flares indicates that electrons in the low corona are bulk energized to energies of order 25 keV. LaRosa & Moore pointed out that the required bulk energization could be produced by cascading MHD turbulence generated by Alfvénic outflows from sites of strongly driven reconnection. LaRosa, Moore, & Shore proposed that the compressive component of the cascading turbulence dissipates into the electrons via Fermi acceleration. However, for this to be a viable electron bulk energization mechanism, the rate of proton energization by the same turbulence cannot exceed the electron energization rate. In this paper we estimate the relative efficiency of electron and proton Fermi acceleration in the compressive MHD turbulence expected in the reconnection outflows in impulsive solar flares. We find that the protons pose no threat to the electron energization. Particles extract energy from the MHD turbulence by mirroring on magnetic compressions moving along the magnetic field at the Alfvén speed. The mirroring rate, and hence the energization rate, is a sensitive function of the particle velocity distribution. In particular, there is a lower speed limit Vmin ≍ VA, below which the pitch-angle distribution of the particles is so highly collapsed to the magnetic field in the frame of the magnetic compressions that there is no mirroring and hence no Fermi acceleration. For coronal conditions, the proton thermal speed is much less than the Alfvén speed and proton Fermi acceleration is negligible. In contrast, nearly all of the electrons are super-Alfvénic, so their pitch-angle distribution is nearly isotropic in the frame of the magnetic compressions. Consequently, the electrons are so vigorously mirrored that they are Fermi accelerated to hard X-ray energies in a few tenths of a second by the magnetic compressions on scales of 105-103 cm in the cascading MHD turbulence. We conclude that dissipation of reconnection-generated MHD turbulence by electron Fermi acceleration plausibly accounts for the electron bulk energization in solar flares

Absolute Oral Bioavailability of Creatine Monohydrate in Rats: Debunking a Myth

Creatine is an ergogenic compound used by athletes to enhance performance. Supplementation with creatine monohydrate (CM) has been suggested for musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. Until now, little is known about its pharmacokinetic profile. Our objective was to determine the oral bioavailability of CM and the influence of dose on oral absorption. Rats were dosed orally with low dose (10 mg/kg) or high dose (70 mg/kg

Summer 1981

Editorial (page 3) Results of Field Test to Study Human Exposure to 2,4,5,-T Application (4) Investigation and Treatment of Localized Dry Spots on Sand Golf Greens (6) Aquatic Weed Control- In Review (11) Golf Course Superintendent - A Perspective (14) Four Seasons Ground Maintenance (16

Method overtness, forensic autopsy, and the evidentiary suicide note: A multilevel national violent death reporting system analysis

© 2018 Rockett et al. Objective Higher prevalence of suicide notes could signify more conservatism in accounting and greater proneness to undercounting of suicide by method. We tested two hypotheses: (1) an evidentiary suicide note is more likely to accompany suicides by drug-intoxication and by other poisoning, as less violent and less forensically overt methods, than suicides by firearm and hanging/suffocation; and (2) performance of a forensic autopsy attenuates any observed association between overtness of method and the reported presence of a note. Methods This multilevel (individual/county), multivariable analysis employed a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). Representing the 17 states participating in the United States National Violent Death Reporting System throughout 2011–2013, the study population comprised registered suicides, aged 15 years and older. Decedents totaled 32,151. The outcome measure was relative odds of an authenticated suicide note. Results An authenticated suicide note was documented in 31% of the suicide cases. Inspection of the full multivariable model showed a suicide note was more likely to manifest among drug intoxication (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.70; 95% CI, 1.56, 1.85) and other poisoning suicides (OR, 2.12; 1.85, 2.42) than firearm suicides, the referent. Respective excesses were larger when there was no autopsy or autopsy status was unknown (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.61, 2.14) and (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.86, 2.72) relative to the comparisons with a forensic autopsy (OR, 1.62, 95% CI, 1.45, 1.82 and OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.66, 2.43). Hanging/suffocation suicides did not differ from the firearm referent given an autopsy. Conclusions Suicide requires substantial affirmative evidence to establish manner of death, and affirmation of drug intoxication suicides appears to demand an especially high burden of proof. Findings and their implications argue for more stringent investigative standards, better training, and more resources to support comprehensive and accurate case ascertainment, as the foundation for developing evidence-based suicide prevention initiatives

Ecological research in the Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia: A discussion of early results

The Large-scale Biosphere–Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) is a multinational, interdisciplinary research program led by Brazil. Ecological studies in LBA focus on how tropical forest conversion, regrowth, and selective logging influence carbon storage, nutrient dynamics, trace gas fluxes, and the prospect for sustainable land use in the Amazon region. Early results from ecological studies within LBA emphasize the variability within the vast Amazon region and the profound effects that land-use and land-cover changes are having on that landscape. The predominant land cover of the Amazon region is evergreen forest; nonetheless, LBA studies have observed strong seasonal patterns in gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem exchange, as well as phenology and tree growth. The seasonal patterns vary spatially and interannually and evidence suggests that these patterns are driven not only by variations in weather but also by innate biological rhythms of the forest species. Rapid rates of deforestation have marked the forests of the Amazon region over the past three decades. Evidence from ground-based surveys and remote sensing show that substantial areas of forest are being degraded by logging activities and through the collapse of forest edges. Because forest edges and logged forests are susceptible to fire, positive feedback cycles of forest degradation may be initiated by land-use-change events. LBA studies indicate that cleared lands in the Amazon, once released from cultivation or pasture usage, regenerate biomass rapidly. However, the pace of biomass accumulation is dependent upon past land use and the depletion of nutrients by unsustainable land-management practices. The challenge for ongoing research within LBA is to integrate the recognition of diverse patterns and processes into general models for prediction of regional ecosystem function