‘Political imagination, in its most fervid and patriotic flights’: Copyright and Constitutional Theory in Post-Confederation Canada

This article is about differing ideas of self-government in post-Confederation Canada. It looks in particular at how the issue of copyright exposes a provocative and little-understood strain of constitutional theory in the first few decades of Confederation. This theory contended that the British North America Act was far more than a division of powers within a still-subordinate colony of the empire. Instead, proponents of the theory argued that the act was a constitutional turning point which transferred a share of British sovereignty to Canada, and gave the dominion new power even to contravene imperial law. This theory found support among many prominent politicians, judges, lawyers, and scholars. Armed with this idea, the federal Parliament passed a bill in 1872 that would have overridden imperial copyright. But neither the bill nor the theory succeeded. Britain blocked the legislation and an emerging consensus among constitutional thinkers, lawyers, and judges rejected its theoretical underpinnings. By exploring the debate over the limits of Canada’s power, this paper points to the diversity of ideas that surrounded even the basic precepts of the constitutional order after 1867.Cet article porte sur les notions divergentes d’autonomie gouvernementale dans le Canada d’après la confédération. Il s’intéresse notamment à la façon dont la question du droit d’auteur révèle un aspect controversé et mal compris de la théorie constitutionnelle dans les premières décennies de la confédération. Selon cette théorie, l’enjeu de l’Acte de l’Amérique du Nord britannique dépassait la simple répartition des compétences dans une colonie encore secondaire au sein de l’empire. Les tenants de la théorie ont plutôt fait valoir que cette loi marque un moment charnière de l’histoire constitutionnelle, au sens où elle a transféré une part de souveraineté britannique au Canada et conféré de nouveaux pouvoirs au dominion, qui l’autorisaient même à contrevenir au droit impérial. De nombreux politiciens, juges, avocats et intellectuels en vue ont appuyé cette théorie. En 1872, armé de cette idée, le parlement fédéral a adopté un projet de loi proposant de passer outre à la loi impériale sur le droit d’auteur. Mais ni le projet de loi ni la théorie ne devaient connaître de lendemain, la Grande-Bretagne bloquant la proposition et un consensus se dégageant parmi les avocats, juges et têtes pensantes de la constitution pour rejeter ses fondements théoriques. Cet article, en analysant le débat sur les limites des pouvoirs du Canada, fait ressortir la diversité d’idées entourant même les préceptes fondamentaux de l’ordre constitutionnel d’après 1867

A DLK And JNK Dependent Axon Self-Destruction Program Promotes Wallerian Degeneration

Axon loss is a debilitating consequence of a wide range of neurological conditions. As axons degenerate, they go through a stereotyped sequence of morphological changes termed Wallerian degeneration. It has long been hypothesized that there is an active axonal breakdown program, conceptually similar to apoptosis, which underlies Wallerian degeneration. However, the molecular pathways that accomplish this program in neurons have remained elusive. We demonstrate that dual leucine kinase: DLK) promotes degeneration of severed axons in Drosophila and mice, and its target JNK promotes degeneration locally in axons as they commit to degenerate. This pathway also promotes degeneration after chemotherapy exposure, and thus may be a component of a general axon self-destruction program

Evaluation of Carfentanil and Xylazine for Immobilization of White-tailed Deer

From October 2001 until January 2002 captive wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) held at the University of Georgia Daniel B. Warnell School of Forest Resources Whitehall Deer Research Facility were immobilized with a combination of carfentanil (carfentanil citrate) and xylazine (xylazine hydrochloride) to 1) determine and evaluate an optimum and safe dose for carfentanil/xylazine in white-tailed deer and 2) compare immobilization parameters and physiological effects of carfentanil/xylazine to Telazol®/xylazine. Animals were given intramuscular injections of 10 mg of xylazine and one of four different levels of carfentanil 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg. A carfentanil dose of 1.2 mg (mean = 23.0 μg/kg) and 10 mg xylazine (mean = 0.19 mg/kg) was selected to compare with a combination of 230 mg of Telazol® (mean = 4.41 mg/kg) and 120 mg xylazine (mean = 2.3 mg/kg) based on induction times and previously published reports. Time until first drug effects and time until deer dropped to the ground without rising were significantly longer in deer treated with carfentanil/xylazine than Telazol®/xylazine (

Book Review: Neither Kin nor Kind: The Peculiar Ties that Bond Organ Donors, their Families and Transplant Recipients

Reviewing Strange Harvest: Organ Transplants, Denatured Bodies, and the Transformed Self by Leslie A. Sharp, Berkeley, Cal., University of California Press, 2006

The Citizen-Focused Account of the State

Book review: The Constitutional State. N. W. Barber. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. Pp. xiii + 199. Reviewed by Bradley W. Miller

The Citizen-Focused Account of the State

Book review: The Constitutional State. N. W. Barber. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. Pp. xiii + 199. Reviewed by Bradley W. Miller

Evaluating Adherence to Colorectal Cancer Screening

Purpose: The purpose of this project and literature review was to determine provider documentation practices of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, identify the percent of clinic patients who need to be screened, and develop a set of recommendations and targeted interventions which will increase CRC screening rates. Methods: A retrospective chart review including males and females of all ethnicities between the ages of 45 and 80 was performed in one primary care practice. A randomized sample of 360 office visits between February and November of 2015 were selected, of which 281 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patient demographics and characteristics were recorded in Excel. Data were exported to SPSS for analysis. Results: At the time of the chart review, 37% (n=105) of patients were determined to be either not up-to-date with screening or the screening status was not documented. A t-test assuming equal variances was used and determined that those who were offered screening tended to be younger, with a mean age of 60. This is in comparison to those who were not offered screening who demonstrated a mean age of 67 (p=0.001). Provider documentation practices demonstrated use of the electronic medical record health maintenance tracking module 63% of the time. A Chi-Square test confirmed that use of the health maintenance module increases the likelihood of patients being up-to-date with screening (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The findings of this project indicate that interventions such as a tracking tool similar to the health maintenance module are effective at improving cancer screening rates. Recommended interventions include provider and patient education, the implementation of a screening navigator, and timely software updates which impact automated features of the electronic medical record

The Big Chill: Third-Party Documents and the Reporter\u27s Privilege

In the wake of Philip Morris\u27 multi-billion dollar libel suit against ABC, a Virginia court has sanctioned a new method of discovery that promises to have an unsettling impact on the reporter\u27s privilege to protect confidential sources. In Philip Morris Cos. v. American Broadcasting Cos., the tobacco giant moved to compel disclosure of the identity of a former R.J. Reynolds manager who suggested on ABC\u27s Day One news program that tobacco companies add nicotine to the cigarettes they manufacture. At the same time, Philip Morris issued subpoenas for the expense records of two ABC employees who wrote and produced the story, in a novel effort to discover the source\u27s identity. In a preliminary order issued before the parties settled, the judge hearing the case denied ABC\u27s motion to quash the subpoenas. This Note argues for an expansion of the reporter\u27s privilege to documents held by third parties. Specifically, this Note first summarizes the reporter\u27s privilege under existing law and examines First Amendment justifications for the reporter\u27s privilege. This Note then surveys the present law concerning discovery of third-party records and scrutinizes the policy arguments both in favor of and against extending the reporter\u27s privilege to documents held by third parties. Finally, this Note suggests an alternative analysis to that adopted by the Virginia court when litigants seek discovery of third-party records in libel actions