3,936 research outputs found
Negligence - Proximate Cause - Liability of Tavern-Keeper to Third Person Injured by One to Whom Tavern-Keeper Had Made and Unlawful Sale of Liquor
In a jurisdiction having a statute prohibiting sales of liquor to minors and persons actually or apparently intoxicated, defendants, four tavern-keepers, served alcoholic beverages to an eighteen-year-old minor. Fifteen or twenty minutes after leaving the last of the taverns, the intoxicated minor negligently drove a motor vehicle and collided with plaintiff\u27s car, killing plaintiff\u27s husband. Plaintiff brought this action as representative of her husband\u27s estate and as owner of the damaged car. Her complaint charged not only that defendants unlawfully and negligently sold and served alcoholic beverages to a minor under circumstances constituting notice that he was a minor, but also that the sale and service by one or more of the defendants was at a time when the minor\u27s intoxicated condition was apparent. The trial court granted defendants a summary judgment on the ground that the complaint failed to state a cause of action. On certification directly to the Supreme Court, held, reversed. Plaintiff\u27s complaint states a cause of action in negligence. Rappaport v. Nichols, 31 N.J. 188, 156 A. (2d) 1 (1959)
Scalar glueball and meson spectroscopy in unquenched lattice QCD with improved staggered quarks
We present results of an exploratory study of singlet scalar states in
unquenched QCD using both glueball and meson operators. Results for non-singlet
non-strange scalar mesons are also presented. We use Asqtad improved staggered
fermions and gauge configurations generated by the MILC collaboration at
lattice spacings of .12 and .09 fm. In this formulation, the glueball mass is
not significantly different from the quenched value at finite lattice spacing.
Significant taste violations are present in the scalar sector. At light quark
masses, decay channels complicate the mass determinations. There is some
evidence that the non-strange singlet meson lies below the non-singlet meson.Comment: Lattice 2005 (hadron spectrum and quark masses), 6 pages, 4 figure
Correlation of Puma airloads: Evaluation of CFD prediction methods
A cooperative program was undertaken by research organizations in England, France, Australia and the U.S. to study the capabilities of computational fluid dynamics codes (CFD) to predict the aerodynamic loading on helicopter rotor blades. The program goal is to compare predictions with experimental data for flight tests of a research Puma helicopter with rectangular and swept tip blades. Two topics are studied. First, computed results from three CFD codes are compared for flight test cases where all three codes use the same partial inflow-angle boundary conditions. Second, one of the CFD codes (FPR) is iteratively coupled with the CAMRAD/JA helicopter performance code. These results are compared with experimental data and with an uncoupled CAMRAD/JA solution. The influence of flow field unsteadiness is found to play an important role in the blade aerodynamics. Alternate boundary conditions are suggested in order to properly model this unsteadiness in the CFD codes
Pseudoscalar singlet physics with staggered fermions
We report on progress in measuring disconnected correlators associated with
pseudoscalar flavor-singlet mesons. This will eventually allow us to compute
the masses of the eta and eta' mesons. Flavor-singlet physics also presents an
interesting test of the staggered fermion formulation, as disconnected
correlators are sensitive to whether the same action governs both sea quarks
and valence quarks. It can also help test the validity of the ``fourth-root
trick'' used in unquenched lattice calculations where the number of flavors
.Comment: Talk presented at Lattice 2005 (Hadron spectrum and quark masses), 6
pages, 3 figure
Room temperature electron spin relaxation in GaInNAs multiple quantum wells at 1.3 mu m
The authors report a direct measurement of electron spin relaxation in GaInNAs semiconductor multiple quantum wells at room temperature. Multiple quantum wells of widths 5.8, 7, and 8 nm exhibiting excitonic absorption around 1.3 mu m have been studied. Spin relaxation times were found to increase with well width in the range of 77-133 ps. The spin relaxation time dependence on first electron confinement energy suggests the Elliot-Yafet mechanism [A. Tackeuchi , Physica B 272, 318 (1999)] as the dominant relaxation process. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.</p
Sulphur-isotope compositions of pig tissues from a controlled feeding study
Sulphur-isotope determinations are becoming increasingly useful for palaeodietary reconstruction, but knowledge of isotopic discrimination between diet and various tissues remains inadequate. In this study, we explore the sensitivity of ÎŽ34Stissue values to changes in ÎŽ34Sdiet values, sulphur isotopic discrimination between diet and consumer, and the potential impact of terrestrial vs. marine protein consumption on these discrimination offsets. We present new ÎŽ34S values of bone collagen, muscle, liver, hair, milk and faeces from ten mature sows, ten piglets and fifteen adolescent pigs from a controlled feeding study. The ÎŽ34Stissue values were found to co-vary with the ÎŽ34Sdiet values, the ÎŽ34Stissue â ÎŽ34Sdiet isotopic offsets (Î34Stissue-diet) are small but consistent, and dietary protein source does not systematically alter the Î34Stissue-diet isotopic discrimination. The outcomes of this study are of particular relevance to questions that are difficult to resolve using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes alone, and will also be useful in regions where terrestrial, freshwater, and marine resources could have all potentially contributed to human diet
Exploring heritage through time and space : Supporting community reflection on the highland clearances
On the two hundredth anniversary of the Kildonan clearances, when people were forcibly removed from their homes, the Timespan Heritage centre has created a program of community centred work aimed at challenging pre conceptions and encouraging reflection on this important historical process. This paper explores the innovative ways in which virtual world technology has facilitated community engagement, enhanced visualisation and encouraged reflection as part of this program. An installation where users navigate through a reconstruction of pre clearance Caen township is controlled through natural gestures and presented on a 300 inch six megapixel screen. This environment allows users to experience the past in new ways. The platform has value as an effective way for an educator, artist or hobbyist to create large scale virtual environments using off the shelf hardware and open source software. The result is an exhibit that also serves as a platform for experimentation into innovative ways of community co-creation and co-curation.Postprin
Do Economic Downturns Dampen Patent Litigation?
Recent studies estimate that the economic impact of U.S. patent litigation may be as large as $80 billion per year and that the overall rate of U.S. patent litigation has been growing rapidly over the past twenty years. And yet, the relationship of the macroeconomy to patent litigation rates has never been studied in any rigorous fashion. This lacuna is notable given that there are two opposing theories among lawyers regarding the effect of economic downturns on patent litigation. One camp argues for a substitution theory, holding that patent litigation should increase in a downturn because potential plaintiffs have a greater incentive to exploit patent assets relative to other investments. The other camp posits a capital constraint theory that holds that the decrease in cash flow and available capital disincentivizes litigation. Analyzing quarterly patent infringement suit filing data from 1971-2009 using a time-series vector autoregression (VAR) model, we show that economic downturns have significantly affected patent litigation rates. (To aid other researchers in testing and extending our analyses, we have made our entire dataset available online.) Importantly, we find that these effects have changed over time. In particular, patent litigation has become more dependent on credit availability in a downturn. We hypothesize that such changes resulted from an increase in use of contingent-fee attorneys by patent plaintiffs and the rise of non-practicing entities (NPEs), which unlike most operating companies, generally fund their lawsuits directly from outside capital sources. Over roughly the last twenty years, we find that macroeconomic conditions have affected patent litigation in contrasting ways. Decreases in GDP (particularly economy-wide investment) are correlated with significant increases in patent litigation and countercyclical economic trends. On the other hand, increases in T-bill and real interest rates as well as increases in economy-wide financial risk are generally correlated with significant decreases in patent suits, leading to procyclical trends. Thus, the specific nature of a downturn predicts whether patent litigation rates will tend to rise or fall
Measurement of the B Semileptonic Branching Fraction with Lepton Tags
We have used the CLEO II detector and 2.06fb^(-1) of Ï(4S) data to measure the B-meson semileptonic branching fraction. The BâXeÎœ momentum spectrum was obtained over nearly the full momentum range by using charge and kinematic correlations in events with a high-momentum lepton tag and an additional electron. We find B(BâXeÎœ) = (10.49±0.17±0.43)%, with overall systematic uncertainties less than those of untagged single-lepton measurements. We use this result to calculate the magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element V_(cb) and to set an upper limit on the fraction of Ï(4S) decays to final states other than BBÌ
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