Impact of Angiogenic and Osteogenic Factors in the Presence of Biodegradable Piezoelectric Films

One of the most common causes of bone graft rejection is lack of a vascular network connecting the graft to the existing native tissue – allowing for nutrient flow. Under current grafting techniques, the existing blood vessel network in the patient slowly invades the implant in order to supply the injured site with its necessary nutrients. The purpose of this research is to determine if a synthetic bone graft with a stable microvascular network can be developed in vitro. I hypothesize that the use of indirect angiogenic factors such as sonic hedgehog homolog and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in combination with the direct factor platelet-derived growth factor can produce such a transplantable graft when in the presence of seeded poly-L-lactide films. This project focuses on the use of these factors and co-culturing techniques to promote cellular differentiation and proliferation into a vascularized network composed of bone tissue and microvascular structures in the presence of a piezoelectric material

Expanding Employees\u27 Remedies and Third Party Actions

The title of this article is perhaps somewhat misleading. Do third party actions expand employees remedies? Such actions arise out of provisions of our state and federal workmen\u27s compensation laws granting an employer or his insurer the right to sue any person or persons who cause the injury to his employee. Also, third party actions arise under statutes granting the injured employee the right to sue the tort-feasor without loss of recourse against the employer. Third party actions do constitute an expanding remedy for the employer and his insurer; it is generally conceded that without a statutory provision the right to sue would not exist. A review of the history of employees remedies, on the other hand, does disclose that third party actions constitute an expanding employee remedy

The Spartans “at Sea”

Sparta has long enjoyed the reputation of a polis that was hostile toward and incompetent in τὰ ναυτικά. Impediments, including its location and agrarian economic base, made it difficult for Sparta to challenge Athenian sea power before the last decade of the fifth century. Herodotus and Thucydides, moreover, repeatedly offer support for the Athenian-based stereotype of the Lacedaemonian “landlubber”. Both authors, however, provide accounts of Spartan naval activity that question the assumption that the Spartans were “at sea” when it came to naval matters

Talking Circle Intervention Among Urban Native American Youth: A Cultural Safety Research Exemplar

Urban Native Americans are experiencing a perpetual cycle of substance use in relation to historical trauma (HT). Currently, alcohol and drug use has become a leading health risk factor among urban Native American youth. Cultural Safety is a means to foster insight and autonomy that is beneficial to promoting health and wellbeing among Native American and Indigenous people. The primary objective of this paper examined implementation of the Urban Talking Circle Intervention and cultural safety for the prevention of alcohol and drug use among urban Native American youth. This study employed a 2-condition quasi experimental design and utilized convenience and snowball sampling methods to recruit 100 urban Native American youth from two urban Native American community programs that were randomized by program site. Integration of Native-Reliance Theory, a community-based program approach, and the Urban Talking Circle Intervention, culturally tailored from the evidenced based Talking Circle Intervention guided the study. Evidence from the results of this study emphasized that alcohol and drug use prevention programs that are culturally centered and guided by cultural values, beliefs, and perspectives promotes an environment for cultural safety research to be conducted.Culturally safe interventions for urban Native American youth build their resiliency against avoiding alcohol and drug use interests and choices that result in high-risk behaviors and harmful health outcomes

Alternative transfection methods for Sf9 cells in vaccine development

Current CHO and HEK293 platform processes are suitable for a majority of gene-based and protein-based vaccine candidates, but do not always provide adequate production of virus-like particles (VLPs) as observed by inconsistent and low titers. Thus, alternative production platforms are being considered. One option that we are exploring is the use of insect cells as an alternative host, specifically Sf9, since they are biologically well suited to produce VLP’s for mosquito-borne viruses. We first considered a Baculovirus infection method, and successfully produced all components of two VLP’s in our system. However, during initial studies of this process, we encountered issues with the assembly of the VLPs due to the low pH of Sf9 cultures (Figure 1). Thus, we pH adapted Sf9 cells to 7.0 and determined optimal bioreactor parameters to control pH throughout the process. With the capability to maintain cells at this higher pH, the Baculovirus/Sf9 platform looks promising. However, there are additional manufacturing complications to consider. There are concerns with Baculovirus contamination of dual-use equipment and more extensive and costly processing downstream to address viral inactivation and isolation. Thus, we are also considering a transient transfection process. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Discrimination, Racism, Social Inequality, and Injustice Experienced Among Native Hawaiians through the Lens of Historical Trauma

The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of colonization and historical trauma and links to alcohol among Native Hawaiians living in rural Hawaii. Native American groups including, American Indians, and Alaska Natives have experienced historically traumatic events over the past 500 years, after contact with Europeans. Some Indigenous scholars have posited that historical trauma is a primary cause of the current social pathology and health disparities in Native Hawaiians. A phenomenological design was selected for this study using Indigenous storytelling methodology. Two themes emerged including: a) the participants described experiences of negative stereotyping that leads to perceived discrimination and racism which is a trigger for increased thoughts of historical losses including the loss of identity: b) the participants described experiences of social inequality and injustices which has increased the use of alcohol and methamphetamine as a way to cope by self-medicating There remains the need for investigators to examine whether the type of experiences of discrimination, racism, social inequality, and injustice differ for people of various racial-ethnic backgrounds, especially Indigenous people. It is necessary for researchers to examine the impact of these experiences to clarify the prevalence and effects on health and health behaviors

Analyzing Sex Differences and the Dose-Response Relationship Between Aerobic Exercise and Cognitive Processing Speed in Young Active Adults

Available research has identified a positive relationship between 10 minutes of aerobic exercise and improvements in cognitive processing speed (CPS) in young adults, although participant activity level was unclear Additionally, research indicates possible sex differences concerning exercise and CPS, defined as the rate in which human beings take in information and generate a response. PURPOSE: To investigate the potential effects of aerobic exercise bout length on cognitive processing speed in active adults. A secondary aim was to explore differences in CPS and aerobic exercise bout length between sexes. METHODS: Male (n=6) and female (n=6) participants who were classified as physically active based on ACSM guidelines participated in aerobic exercise sessions of different bout lengths (15, 20, and 25 minutes) in a balanced cross-over design. When participants arrived for the three testing trials, they first completed a computerized Symbol Search test. This matching test lasts two minutes and provides a score based on how many matches they answer correctly. Next, the exercise treatment consisted of a 5-minute warm-up, followed by a moderate intensity walk or jog on the treadmill (approximately 50-59% of Heart Rate reserve), and ending with a 5-minute cooldown. Participants then remained seated for ten minutes to allow for their heart rate to return to a resting state. Once in the resting state participants were administered the symbol search test again to determine if there were any changes in CPS following an exercise bout. All treatment sessions were performed at least 24 hours apart. Exercise bout length (T15, T20, T25) and time (pre-/post- exercise) were compared between sexes (M, F) using an ANOVA (1 between, 2 within) α=0.05. RESULTS: The main effects for bout length (p=0.849) and sex (p=0.232), bout length x sex interaction (p=0.563), bout length x time interaction (p=0.491), and bout length x time x sex interaction (p=0.956) were not significant. However, the main effect for time was significant (p=0.0001) where CPS was faster post-exercise (50+9) than pre-exercise (45+9) when pooled across bout length and sex. Also, there was a significant time x sex interaction (p=0.009) where, when pooled across bout length, there was greater CPS improvement from pre- to post-exercise in the males (Pre 46+8, Post 53+8) than in the females (Pre 43+11, Post 46+9). CONCLUSION: Active individuals experience improvements in CPS following an exercise bout. We did not find any significant distinction between bout lengths, indicating that active individuals do not require a specific exercise dose time to elicit improvements in CPS. However, male participants had a statistically significant increase in their processing speed assessment (pre-/post- exercise) compared to the females. This suggests that females may require additional exercise bouts or alternate exercise forms to experience similar improvements as the male participants

The Effect of Rest Interval Length on Upper and Lower Body Exercises in Resistance-Trained Females

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(7): 1178-1191, 2021. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of SHORT (1 min) and LONG (3 min) rest intervals (RI) on total volume lifted (TVL), repetition performance, fatigue index (FI), and blood lactate [La] during upper body (chest press) and lower body (leg press) exercise with low-intensity (75% of a 10-RM) in trained female lifters. Fourteen females (mean ± SD, age = 22.9 ± 5.4 years, training experience = 5.2 ± 2.5 years, height = 166.1 ± 6.9 cm, weight = 61.3 ± 5.1 kg, body fat % = 21.7 ± 3.3%) participated in this randomized, repeated-measures, cross-over design study. They performed four sets to failure on chest press (CP) and leg press (LP) under two conditions (SHORT and LONG RIs) in a counterbalanced manner. Paired-samples t-tests were used to analyze mean differences for TVL in CP and LP, separately. A 2 (exercise) x 2 (rest interval) repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze mean differences in FI and average [La] values. A 2 (rest interval) x 4 (sets) repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze mean differences in repetitions completed for each exercise. TVL for SHORT was significantly less when compared to LONG for both exercises. There was no significant difference in average [La] between RIs despite a greater FI in SHORT compared to LONG for both exercises. Lastly, [La] was higher during LP compared to CP irrespective of RI length. These results suggest that longer RIs are better for female lifters who want to optimize TVL with low-intensity resistance training. Metabolic stress, as measured by blood lactate, was greater during lower-body exercise

Life History of Swordfish, Xiphias gladius, Caught in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

The current study examined 93 Swordfish, Xiphias gladius, (64 females, 27 males, 2 unknown) ranging in size from 77.6–246.3 cm lower jaw fork length (LJFL) from the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Samples were collected between March and August in 2005–2007, 2017–2019 and 2021. Age estimates of 51 Swordfish resulted in a maximum observed age of 11 years (205.0 cm LJFL) and 7 years (190.4 cm LJFL) for females and males, respectively. Observed and back—calculated length—at—age data were fitted to 4 growth models (2— and 3— parameter von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and logistic). The 2—parameter von Bertalanffy was the model that best fit the data (Linf = 210.2 cm LJFL, k = 0.25). Histological examination of gonadal tissue from 91 fish indicated that females reached 50% and 95% physiological maturity at 116 ± 6 cm LJFL and 143 ± 8 cm LJFL, respectively, corresponding to ages 2—3 years. All males \u3e82 cm LJFL were physiologically sexually mature. Only 10% of females were reproductively active, with spawning capable females captured in June. Reproductively active females exhibited asynchronous oocyte development indicating batch spawning. Most males (96%) were spawning capable from April–August. Philometra sp. infection was found in all ovaries examined (n = 16) but with low abundance (2.25 ± 0.42); male philometrids were more prevalent than females (91.7% and 66.7%, respectively). Swordfish in the northern GOM appear to achieve sexual maturity at a younger age, grow faster, and have shorter theoretical longevity than previous reports from other regions world—wide

Cultural-Linguistic Approach to Education, 1972

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